Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
B) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
C) their volumes are always equal.
D) their masses are always equal.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
B) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
C) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
D) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
B) concentrated in the center of an atom.
C) located in the space outside the nucleus.
D) spread evenly throughout an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) neutron
B) proton
C) electron
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
B) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
C) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
D) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the number of protons
B) the mass of the neutron
C) the charge on the electrons
D) the number of neutrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) atomic number
B) mass number
C) charge
D) isotope
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from electron number
B) atomic number from mass number
C) isotope number from atomic number
D) mass number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like balls rolling down a hill.
B) like beach balls on water waves.
C) like planets orbiting the sun.
D) like popcorn in a popper.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the mass of the electrons in the atom
B) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
C) the number of electrons in an atom
D) the precise location of electrons in an atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
B) they are usually gases
C) the are extremely nonreactive
D) they form negative ions
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) volume of a substance
B) electric charge of a substance
C) mass of a substance
D) amount of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) mass number
B) atomic mass unit
C) isotope number
D) atomic number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) its atomic mass
B) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
C) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
D) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) their masses are identical
B) they do not have the same number of protons
C) They have the same mass number
D) They are isotopes of oxygen
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) element to element
B) column to column
C) group to group
D) row to row
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
B) sodium, chromium, copper
C) helium, carbon, gold
D) iodine, iron, nickel
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the discovery of the nucleus.
B) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
C) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
D) the discovery of subatomic particles.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) four
B) two
C) none
D) three
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) increases
B) increases then decreases
C) decreases
D) stays the same
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) chlorine-35 atom
B) proton
C) neutron
D) carbon-12 atom
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) 0
B) -2
C) -1
D) +1
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1/18
B) 1/1840
C) 1
D) 0
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) chemical properties
B) period
C) number of neutrons
D) mass
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) changing from lithium into fluorine
B) losing or gaining electrons
C) losing or gaining protons
D) changing from one period to another
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
B) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
C) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
D) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are highly reactive
B) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
C) they can form compounds with bright colors
D) they are rare in nature
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) do not form compounds
B) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
C) are extremely hard
D) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the bottom
B) in the middle
C) on the right
D) on the left
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one kilogram of a pure substance.
B) one gram of a pure substance
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one liter of a pure substance
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 80
B) 35
C) 172
D) 79
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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