Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) their masses are always equal.
B) their volumes are always equal.
C) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
D) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
B) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
C) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
D) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) located in the space outside the nucleus.
B) concentrated in the center of an atom.
C) spread evenly throughout an atom.
D) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) proton
B) electron
C) neutron
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
B) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
C) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
D) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the charge on the electrons
B) the mass of the neutron
C) the number of neutrons
D) the number of protons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) atomic number
B) isotope
C) mass number
D) charge
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from electron number
B) isotope number from atomic number
C) atomic number from mass number
D) mass number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like beach balls on water waves.
B) like popcorn in a popper.
C) like balls rolling down a hill.
D) like planets orbiting the sun.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the mass of the electrons in the atom
B) the number of electrons in an atom
C) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
D) the precise location of electrons in an atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
B) the are extremely nonreactive
C) they form negative ions
D) they are usually gases
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) amount of a substance
B) mass of a substance
C) volume of a substance
D) electric charge of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) mass number
B) isotope number
C) atomic mass unit
D) atomic number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
B) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
C) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
D) its atomic mass
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) They have the same mass number
B) They are isotopes of oxygen
C) they do not have the same number of protons
D) their masses are identical
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) element to element
B) row to row
C) column to column
D) group to group
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) sodium, chromium, copper
B) iodine, iron, nickel
C) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
D) helium, carbon, gold
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the discovery of subatomic particles.
B) the discovery of the nucleus.
C) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
D) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) three
B) four
C) two
D) none
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) increases
B) stays the same
C) decreases
D) increases then decreases
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) neutron
B) chlorine-35 atom
C) carbon-12 atom
D) proton
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) -1
B) -2
C) 0
D) +1
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1
B) 1/18
C) 1/1840
D) 0
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) chemical properties
B) number of neutrons
C) period
D) mass
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) losing or gaining electrons
B) changing from one period to another
C) changing from lithium into fluorine
D) losing or gaining protons
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
B) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
C) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
D) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they can form compounds with bright colors
B) they are rare in nature
C) they are highly reactive
D) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) do not form compounds
B) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
C) are extremely hard
D) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the left
B) on the bottom
C) in the middle
D) on the right
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one gram of a pure substance
B) one liter of a pure substance
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one kilogram of a pure substance.
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 79
B) 35
C) 80
D) 172
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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