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Adivasi - Test
Opracowany przez: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
B) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
C) Import and export trade services
D) Tourism and hospitality management
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Advanced agricultural machinery
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Electronic goods and technology
D) Salt and iron
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Tribes were forced into urban migration
B) Migrants received free land for cultivation
C) Land was turned into protected national parks
D) The government granted all land back to the tribes
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a strictly inherited private asset
B) As a commodity to be sold for profit
C) As a common resource for whoever needed it
D) As land belonging exclusively to the state
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) The government seized all land by force
B) They were prohibited from farming their own land
C) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
D) They moved away to find better jobs
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Government employment quotas
B) Educational scholarships
C) Land leases
D) Marriage alliances
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) A surge in tribal land ownership
B) Intense land pressure
C) Decreased interest in tribal territories
D) Government-mandated restoration of land
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Debt, bribery, or leases
C) Exchange for modern technology
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Marry into tribal families
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Convert to tribal religions
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
C) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
D) It restores land directly to tribal elders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
B) Government administrative centers
C) Large-scale industrial factories
D) State-run universities
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Cotton or castor-oil plants
B) Wheat and rice
C) Oranges and bananas
D) Tea and coffee
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
B) Full cancellation of tribal debts
C) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Lack of natural resources
B) Historically distinct political status and isolation
C) Extreme poverty in the region
D) Severe climate conditions
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
B) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
C) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
D) A ban on all agricultural activities
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To preserve ancient tribal languages
B) To promote tourism in the region
C) Due to international humanitarian pressure
D) As a strategy to secure the border with China
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Ramji Gond
B) Tatya Tope
C) Rani of Jhansi
D) Birsa Munda
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Santhal rebellion
B) Halba rebellion
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Kol rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Ten
B) Seven
C) Three
D) Five
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) More than 700
C) Less than 100
D) Over 2000
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Less than 20
B) Exactly 50
C) More than 100
D) Exactly 500
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Birsa Munda
D) Tatya Tope
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Romance
B) Semitic
C) Slavic
D) Austro-Asiatic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1910
B) 1776
C) 1856–57
D) 1817
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Khurda
B) Visakhapatnam district
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Odisha
B) Bengal
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Koli revolt
B) Kol rebellion
C) Maria rebellion
D) Bhumkal
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Bangaru Devi
B) Jantya Bhil
C) Laxman Naik
D) Ramji Gond
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Arabic
C) Latin
D) Sino-Tibetan
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) A Gond Raja
B) Bharmal
C) Bada Meena
D) Valmiki
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 8.6%
B) 1.1%
C) 90%
D) 26.2%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Ethnic minority
C) Nomadic tribes
D) Animist groups
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Indo-Aryan
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Munda
D) Dravidian
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Hos
B) Gonds
C) Santals
D) Bhils
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Tibeto-Burman
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Sarnaist
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Sarnaism
D) Hinduism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Animism
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Rice farming
B) Nomadic herding
C) Tea workers
D) Mining
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Roughly 75%
B) More than 90%
C) Around 10%
D) Around 20%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Boyas/Valmikis
B) Santals
C) Khasi
D) Gonds
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Khasi
B) Tripuri
C) Marma
D) Chakma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Mountain people
B) Forest dweller
C) Beginning inhabitant
D) Ancient ruler
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Janjati
B) Vanavāsi
C) Dalit
D) Dravidian
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Bangladesh
B) Pakistan
C) Sri Lanka
D) Nepal
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Jaipal Singh Munda
B) Ambedkar
C) Thakkar Bapa
D) Gandhi
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 169
B) Article 342
C) Article 366 (25)
D) Article 107
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Vedda
B) Tea-tribes
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Dravidians
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
B) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
C) ILO Convention 169
D) ILO Convention 107
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Kerala
B) Jharkhand
C) North East India
D) West Bengal
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Greek
B) Austroasiatic
C) Arabic
D) Latin
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Zamindars
B) Foreign investors only
C) Adivasi elders
D) British military generals
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1857
B) 1789
C) 1947
D) 1832
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Bhumij rebellion
B) Santal hul
C) The Great Kol Uprising
D) Munda independence war
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Permanent migration to Europe
B) Internal migrations within India
C) Mass migration to the Americas
D) Return migration to their ancestral lands
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The British government
D) The Indian National Congress
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Enthusiastically
B) Positively
C) Indifferently
D) Negatively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Hill and forest tribe
B) Tribal animist
C) Primitive tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Tribes
B) Animist
C) Primitive tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Jharkhand
C) Odisha
D) Lakshadweep
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Sanskrit
B) Latin
C) Greek
D) Persian
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Reincarnation of the soul
B) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
C) Monistic Vedic worship
D) Worship of Indo-European deities
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1921
B) 1931
C) 1911
D) 1941
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) An anthropological construct
B) A synonym for Hinduism
C) A word used by indigenous people
D) A formal name for a religion
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) Post-independence
B) 19th century
C) 14th century
D) British period
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Holy woods
B) Sacred grove
C) Sun-Moon
D) Spirit worship
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Central-East India
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Arunachal Pradesh
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Written scriptures
B) Formal schooling
C) Oral traditions
D) Digital archives
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Holy animal
B) Sun deity
C) Sacred grove
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Central-East India
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Arunachal Pradesh
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Cactus
B) Sunflower
C) Rose
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Tiger
B) Cobra
C) Lion
D) Eagle
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Oak
B) Neem
C) Maple
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Nomadic traders
B) Sedentary farmers
C) Hunter gatherer
D) Urban dwellers
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) The Kallar Reform Movement
B) Vedic Ritualism
C) Shaivism
D) Brahma Dharma
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Water from a stream
B) Swine flesh
C) Half-eaten ber fruit
D) Dried lotus flowers
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Bodo
B) Santal
C) Nishadha
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Sant Kubera
C) Guru Brahma
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
B) Lingaraja Temple
C) Indraprastha Temple
D) Brahma Dharma Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Temple priest
B) Hunter
C) Fisherman
D) Kallar (robber)
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 100,000
B) 20,000
C) 5,000
D) 10,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Less civilised
C) More civilised
D) Equally civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Commercial trade agreements
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Constant warfare
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 632
B) 51
C) 3
D) 14
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 632
B) 1000
C) 750
D) 500
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 29.6%
C) 8.5%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Tejgadh, Gujarat
B) Asansol, West Bengal
C) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
D) Kohima, Nagaland
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 2011
B) 1999
C) 1961
D) 1991
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Khasis
C) Nagas
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Non-existent
B) Moderate
C) Very high
D) Very low
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 37%
B) 59%
C) 40.6%
D) 13.8%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Green Revolution
B) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
C) Salwa Judum
D) Forest Protection Drive
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By bribing local officials
B) By negotiating with tribal elders
C) By filing land ownership petitions
D) By signing government contracts
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Government bureaucrats
B) Local merchant guilds
C) Missionaries
D) Foreign corporations
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Hindi
B) Sanskrit
C) English
D) Assamese
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Manmohan Singh
B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Red Corridor
B) The Western Ghats
C) The Thar Desert
D) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Bodo
C) Meiteis
D) Meena
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