Adivasi - Questionário
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Tourism and hospitality management
B) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
C) Import and export trade services
D) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Salt and iron
B) Advanced agricultural machinery
C) Gold and precious stones
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Land was turned into protected national parks
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Migrants received free land for cultivation
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As land belonging exclusively to the state
B) As a commodity to be sold for profit
C) As a strictly inherited private asset
D) As a common resource for whoever needed it
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) The government seized all land by force
B) They moved away to find better jobs
C) They were prohibited from farming their own land
D) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Land leases
B) Marriage alliances
C) Government employment quotas
D) Educational scholarships
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Decreased interest in tribal territories
B) Intense land pressure
C) Government-mandated restoration of land
D) A surge in tribal land ownership
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Debt, bribery, or leases
C) Loss through environmental disasters
D) Exchange for modern technology
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Convert to tribal religions
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Marry into tribal families
D) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
B) It is highly efficient and swift
C) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
D) It restores land directly to tribal elders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Large-scale industrial factories
B) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
C) Government administrative centers
D) State-run universities
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Tea and coffee
B) Oranges and bananas
C) Wheat and rice
D) Cotton or castor-oil plants
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
B) Full cancellation of tribal debts
C) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Lack of natural resources
B) Extreme poverty in the region
C) Severe climate conditions
D) Historically distinct political status and isolation
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
B) A ban on all agricultural activities
C) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
D) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To promote tourism in the region
B) Due to international humanitarian pressure
C) As a strategy to secure the border with China
D) To preserve ancient tribal languages
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Rani of Jhansi
B) Birsa Munda
C) Tatya Tope
D) Ramji Gond
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Halba rebellion
D) Santhal rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Ten
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Three
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Less than 100
B) More than 700
C) Over 2000
D) Exactly 500
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 50
B) Exactly 500
C) More than 100
D) Less than 20
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Tatya Tope
C) Laxman Naik
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Austro-Asiatic
B) Semitic
C) Slavic
D) Romance
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1776
B) 1817
C) 1856–57
D) 1910
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Adilabad
B) Visakhapatnam district
C) Khurda
D) Banswara
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Odisha
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Bhumkal
B) Koli revolt
C) Kol rebellion
D) Maria rebellion
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Bangaru Devi
D) Jantya Bhil
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Sino-Tibetan
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) Valmiki
C) Bharmal
D) A Gond Raja
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 26.2%
B) 8.6%
C) 1.1%
D) 90%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Animist groups
C) Ethnic minority
D) Nomadic tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Indo-Aryan
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Dravidian
D) Munda
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Hos
B) Gonds
C) Bhils
D) Santals
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Sarnaism
B) Hinduism
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Animism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Nomadic herding
B) Rice farming
C) Tea workers
D) Mining
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 10%
B) Around 20%
C) Roughly 75%
D) More than 90%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Boyas/Valmikis
B) Santals
C) Khasi
D) Gonds
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Tripuri
B) Khasi
C) Chakma
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Forest dweller
B) Mountain people
C) Ancient ruler
D) Beginning inhabitant
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Janjati
B) Vanavāsi
C) Dalit
D) Dravidian
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Sri Lanka
B) Pakistan
C) Bangladesh
D) Nepal
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Thakkar Bapa
B) Jaipal Singh Munda
C) Gandhi
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 366 (25)
B) Article 169
C) Article 107
D) Article 342
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Dravidians
B) Tea-tribes
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Vedda
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) ILO Convention 169
B) ILO Convention 107
C) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
D) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) North East India
B) West Bengal
C) Jharkhand
D) Kerala
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Arabic
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Austroasiatic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Adivasi elders
C) Zamindars
D) Foreign investors only
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1832
B) 1947
C) 1857
D) 1789
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) The Great Kol Uprising
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Munda independence war
D) Santal hul
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Permanent migration to Europe
B) Return migration to their ancestral lands
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Mass migration to the Americas
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The Indian National Congress
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The East India Company
D) The British government
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Positively
B) Enthusiastically
C) Negatively
D) Indifferently
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Forest tribe
B) Primitive tribe
C) Hill and forest tribe
D) Tribal animist
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Forest tribe
B) Animist
C) Primitive tribe
D) Tribes
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Lakshadweep
C) Jharkhand
D) Odisha
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Persian
B) Greek
C) Sanskrit
D) Latin
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Worship of Indo-European deities
B) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
C) Reincarnation of the soul
D) Monistic Vedic worship
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1911
B) 1931
C) 1941
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A word used by indigenous people
B) A synonym for Hinduism
C) An anthropological construct
D) A formal name for a religion
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) Post-independence
B) 14th century
C) British period
D) 19th century
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Sacred grove
B) Sun-Moon
C) Holy woods
D) Spirit worship
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Central-East India
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Nilgiri hills
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Digital archives
B) Written scriptures
C) Oral traditions
D) Formal schooling
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sacred grove
B) Witch doctor
C) Holy animal
D) Sun deity
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nicobar Islands
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Central-East India
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Sunflower
B) Cactus
C) Rose
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Cobra
B) Tiger
C) Lion
D) Eagle
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Pine
B) Maple
C) Oak
D) Neem
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Urban dwellers
B) Sedentary farmers
C) Nomadic traders
D) Hunter gatherer
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Shaivism
B) Vedic Ritualism
C) The Kallar Reform Movement
D) Brahma Dharma
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Sant Kubera
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Water from a stream
B) Dried lotus flowers
C) Half-eaten ber fruit
D) Swine flesh
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Santal
B) Kallar
C) Nishadha
D) Bodo
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Guru Brahma
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Sant Kubera
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Brahma Dharma Temple
B) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
C) Indraprastha Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Hunter
B) Fisherman
C) Temple priest
D) Kallar (robber)
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 5,000
B) 100,000
C) 10,000
D) 20,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Dhudhalinath
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Equally civilised
C) More civilised
D) Less civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Commercial trade agreements
B) Joint military alliances
C) Constant warfare
D) Matrimonial relations
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 14
C) 632
D) 3
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 632
B) 500
C) 750
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 40%
B) 29.6%
C) 8.5%
D) 59%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
B) Tejgadh, Gujarat
C) Kohima, Nagaland
D) Asansol, West Bengal
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1999
B) 1991
C) 2011
D) 1961
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Mizos
B) Gonds
C) Khasis
D) Nagas
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very high
B) Moderate
C) Non-existent
D) Very low
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 40.6%
B) 37%
C) 13.8%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
B) Green Revolution
C) Salwa Judum
D) Forest Protection Drive
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By filing land ownership petitions
B) By bribing local officials
C) By negotiating with tribal elders
D) By signing government contracts
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Local merchant guilds
B) Foreign corporations
C) Missionaries
D) Government bureaucrats
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Hindi
B) Assamese
C) English
D) Sanskrit
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Red Corridor
B) The Thar Desert
C) The Western Ghats
D) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Meiteis
B) Meena
C) Gujjar
D) Bodo
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