- 1. The Dreyfus affair was a political scandal that divided France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, centering on the wrongful conviction of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French Army, for treason. In 1894, Dreyfus was accused of passing military secrets to the Germans, based on dubious evidence and anti-Semitic sentiment prevalent in French society at the time. The trial, marred by procedural irregularities and the suppression of exculpatory evidence, resulted in Dreyfus being found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island, a remote penal colony. The injustice of his conviction became a cause célèbre, sparking fierce debates about anti-Semitism, nationalism, and the integrity of the French military and legal systems. Prominent intellectuals, including writer Émile Zola, took a stand for Dreyfus, culminating in Zola's famous open letter 'J'Accuse…!' which accused the government and military of corruption and cover-up. The public outcry led to a retrial in 1899, but Dreyfus was again convicted, albeit with extenuating circumstances. Ultimately, his innocence was recognized by the French government in 1906, restoring his rank and honor, yet the affair left a lasting impact on French society, highlighting deep-seated prejudices and igniting discussions about civil rights, justice, and the role of the military.
In which year was Alfred Dreyfus convicted of treason?
A) 1870 B) 1910 C) 1900 D) 1894
- 2. Which country did Alfred Dreyfus serve in the military?
A) France B) United Kingdom C) Germany D) Italy
- 3. Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of providing military secrets to which country?
A) France B) United States C) Germany D) Italy
- 4. What was Alfred Dreyfus' military rank at the time of his conviction?
A) Lieutenant B) General C) Captain D) Sergeant
- 5. Who played a key role in exposing the injustice against Alfred Dreyfus?
A) Marie Antoinette B) Napoleon Bonaparte C) Émile Zola D) Marie Curie
- 6. Who was the French President who pardoned Alfred Dreyfus in 1899?
A) Émile Loubet B) Charles de Gaulle C) Napoleon III D) Louis Pasteur
- 7. How long was Alfred Dreyfus imprisoned on Devil's Island before his pardon?
A) 7 years B) 3 years C) 5 years D) 10 years
- 8. In which French city was Alfred Dreyfus publicly degraded in 1895?
A) Lyon B) Nice C) Paris D) Marseille
- 9. Who was the French military officer who discovered the evidence clearing Dreyfus' name?
A) Georges Picquart B) Édouard Drumont C) Émile Zola D) Alfred Dreyfus
- 10. What was the motto of the campaign for Dreyfus' innocence?
A) Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité B) J'Accuse! C) Vive la France! D) Allons enfants de la Patrie
- 11. In what year did Alfred Dreyfus' conviction finally get overturned?
A) 1910 B) 1899 C) 1906 D) 1900
- 12. What ethnicity was Alfred Dreyfus, which fueled accusations against him during the affair?
A) Russian B) French C) Jewish D) German
- 13. What was the title of Émile Zola's open letter in defense of Alfred Dreyfus?
A) Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité B) Vive la Vérité! C) De Profundis D) J'Accuse...!
- 14. Which French newspaper published Émile Zola's open letter exposing the injustice against Dreyfus?
A) Le Petit Journal B) Le Monde C) L'Aurore D) Le Figaro
- 15. Which branch of the military was Dreyfus a part of?
A) Marines B) Air Force C) Army D) Navy
- 16. What was the verdict of the court in the first trial of Alfred Dreyfus?
A) Guilty B) Inconclusive C) Dismissed D) Not guilty
- 17. What was the outcome of the second trial of Alfred Dreyfus?
A) Retired from the military B) Again found guilty C) Sentenced to exile D) Found innocent
- 18. Where was Alfred Dreyfus imprisoned during his wrongful conviction?
A) Devil's Island B) Alcatraz C) Sing Sing D) Robben Island
- 19. What was the secret military file that Alfred Dreyfus was wrongly accused of leaking known as?
A) The Blueprint B) The Manifesto C) The Bordereau D) The Cipher
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