Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • 1. Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms or their products to modify and improve products, processes, or organisms. Genetic engineering is a specific type of biotechnology that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to create desired traits or outcomes. These technologies have vast implications across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of personalized medicine, genetically modified organisms for increased crop yields, and the production of biofuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, with such advancements come ethical considerations surrounding issues like genetic modification, privacy concerns, and access to these technologies. As research and development in biotechnology and genetic engineering continue to advance, it is crucial for society to have informed discussions on the benefits and risks associated with these technologies.

    What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A) It mutates genes.
B) It cuts DNA at specific sequences.
C) It adds new genetic material to DNA.
D) It copies DNA strands.
  • 2. What is the purpose of gene cloning?
A) To create a completely new gene.
B) To produce multiple copies of a gene.
C) To remove genes from an organism.
D) To study the entire genome of an organism.
  • 3. What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in biotechnology?
A) To edit genes with precision.
B) To study proteins in cells.
C) To clone entire organisms.
D) To create hybrid organisms.
  • 4. What is a GMO?
A) A genetically modified organism.
B) A protein found in organisms.
C) A grand method of optimization.
D) A gene mapping organization.
  • 5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
A) They are used as vectors to transfer desired genes into host organisms.
B) They are proteins that regulate gene expression.
C) They are enzymes used to cut DNA.
D) They are tools to measure DNA length.
  • 6. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering in agriculture?
A) To eliminate the need for fertilizers.
B) To reduce the genetic diversity of crops.
C) To produce crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.
D) To increase the cost of food production.
  • 7. What is a gene drive technology?
A) A tool to deliberately spread a specific gene through a population.
B) A process to analyze the entire genome of a species.
C) A technique to clone entire organisms.
D) A method to delete genes from an organism.
  • 8. What is vaccine development in biotechnology?
A) Studying the history of vaccines.
B) Testing antibiotics on viruses.
C) Manufacturing traditional medicines.
D) Using genetic engineering to create vaccines against diseases.
  • 9. What is a knock-in in genetic engineering?
A) The transfer of an entire chromosome into a cell.
B) The insertion of a specific gene into a specific location in the genome.
C) The removal of genes from an organism.
D) A natural gene mutation.
  • 10. How does genetic engineering contribute to medical advancements?
A) By increasing resistance to antibiotics in humans.
B) By replacing traditional medicines with genetically modified ones.
C) By enabling the production of human proteins like insulin for therapy.
D) By creating new diseases for research purposes.
  • 11. What is gene expression in biotechnology?
A) The manipulation of genes in a lab setting.
B) The sequencing of an entire genome.
C) The study of gene inheritance patterns.
D) The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
  • 12. What is the role of bioinformatics in genetic engineering?
A) To analyze and interpret biological data using computational tools.
B) To physically manipulate DNA in a lab.
C) To study biochemistry in organisms.
D) To create artificial organisms.
  • 13. What is a gene edit in genetic engineering?
A) Copying a gene from one species to another.
B) Inserting a whole gene into an organism.
C) Deleting an entire chromosome.
D) Changing a specific sequence of DNA within a gene.
  • 14. What is an example of gene editing technology?
A) CRISPR-Cas9.
B) Gene cloning.
C) RNA interference.
D) Plasmid transformation.
  • 15. How does genetic engineering benefit the agricultural industry?
A) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
B) By promoting the use of natural fertilizers only.
C) By developing crops with improved yields and resistance to pests.
D) By reducing the variety of crop species.
  • 16. What is the potential risk associated with modifying genes in humans?
A) Unintended genetic mutations and long-term health effects.
B) No change in genetic diversity within a population.
C) Improved overall health and well-being.
D) Immediate and predictable benefits.
  • 17. What is the process of cutting DNA at specific sites called?
A) Restriction digestion
B) PCR amplification
C) Translation
D) Transcription
  • 18. Which technique is used to amplify a piece of DNA in vitro?
A) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) Transformation
D) CRISPR-Cas9
  • 19. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
A) Southern blotting
B) RNA interference
C) CRISPR-Cas9
D) Gel electrophoresis
  • 20. What is the technique used to introduce new genes into plant cells?
A) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
B) RNA splicing
C) Western blotting
D) Yeast two-hybrid system
  • 21. In gene editing, what is CRISPR short for?
A) Catalytic RNA for Inducing Specific Proteins
B) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
C) Coding Region for Identifying Specific Proteins
D) Cellular Replication and Inheritance System
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