- 1. Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the government of South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. The term, which means 'apartness' in Afrikaans, was used to describe the policies aimed at maintaining white minority rule and subjugating the non-white population, particularly Black South Africans. Under apartheid, the country was divided into separate racial groups, with laws that dictated where individuals could live, work, and go to school based on their race. Non-white people were forced to live in designated areas, known as Bantustans or townships, often in impoverished conditions, while privileges and resources were disproportionately allocated to the white population. The apartheid regime used violent repression to silence dissent, leading to widespread protests, international condemnation, and calls for sanctions against the South African government. The struggle against apartheid was marked by the efforts of numerous activists, including Nelson Mandela, who became a symbol of resistance. The system officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first democratic elections, leading to Mandela's election as the country's first Black president. The legacy of apartheid continues to affect South Africa today, as the nation grapples with issues of inequality, social justice, and the lasting effects of systemic racism.
In what year did the Apartheid system officially begin?
A) 1960 B) 1948 C) 1976 D) 1934
- 2. Which party was primarily responsible for implementing Apartheid?
A) United Democratic Front B) African National Congress C) National Party D) South African Communist Party
- 3. Who was the prominent leader of the ANC who fought against Apartheid?
A) Nelson Mandela B) Oliver Tambo C) Desmond Tutu D) Walter Sisulu
- 4. What was the name of the act that established classification of race?
A) The Bantu Education Act B) The Population Registration Act C) The Native Land Act D) The Group Areas Act
- 5. Which of the following was prohibited under Apartheid laws?
A) Voting for all citizens B) Public schooling for whites C) Access to public parks D) Interracial marriage
- 6. What year did Nelson Mandela get released from prison?
A) 1992 B) 1989 C) 1994 D) 1990
- 7. Who was the last apartheid-era President of South Africa?
A) Thabo Mbeki B) P.W. Botha C) Nelson Mandela D) F.W. de Klerk
- 8. Which international organization condemned Apartheid?
A) NATO B) World Bank C) United Nations D) G7
- 9. What were 'pass laws'?
A) Laws regulating trade B) Regulations controlling movement of black South Africans C) Traffic regulations D) Laws protecting wildlife
- 10. What happened during the Soweto Uprising of 1976?
A) Students protested against Afrikaans in schools B) A march for housing C) Workers protested for higher wages D) A peace rally
- 11. Which act enforced separate areas for different racial groups?
A) Population Registration Act B) Group Areas Act C) Bantu Education Act D) Native Labour Regulation Act
- 12. Who was Bantu Stephen Biko?
A) A government official B) An ANC leader C) A political prisoner D) A leader of the Black Consciousness Movement
- 13. What was the outcome of the 1994 elections in South Africa?
A) Apartheid laws were strengthened. B) The National Party won again. C) Nelson Mandela became the first black president. D) No elections were held.
- 14. What is the significance of the Freedom Charter?
A) It outlined the vision for a non-racial South Africa. B) It was a government manifesto. C) It was a military strategy. D) It promoted Apartheid.
- 15. What was the role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?
A) To promote Apartheid policies B) To choose a new president C) To enforce new laws D) To address past human rights abuses
- 16. How did the international community respond to Apartheid?
A) Boycotts and sanctions against South Africa B) Complete support for the government C) Trade agreements D) Military intervention
- 17. What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act?
A) To promote technical training B) To provide inferior education for black South Africans C) To eliminate educational disparities D) To equalize education for all
- 18. What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?
A) It led to Nelson Mandela's imprisonment. B) It focused on economic issues. C) It was a diplomatic meeting. D) It resulted in the end of Apartheid.
- 19. What does 'Apartheid' literally translate to?
A) Division B) Unity C) Freedom D) Apartness
- 20. What was the primary method of resistance employed by many anti-Apartheid activists?
A) Civil disobedience B) Election campaigning C) Coup d'état D) Armament
- 21. In what decade did Apartheid officially end?
A) 1980s B) 1970s C) 2000s D) 1990s
- 22. What year did Nelson Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) 1989 B) 1996 C) 1993 D) 1990
- 23. In which year did Apartheid officially end?
A) 1994 B) 1989 C) 1990 D) 1996
- 24. What term described the laws enforcing racial classification?
A) Civil laws. B) Apartheid laws C) Rights laws. D) Equality laws.
- 25. What event is commemorated on June 16 in South Africa?
A) Freedom Day B) Day of Reconciliation C) Soweto Uprising D) Sharpeville Massacre
- 26. Which term describes people of mixed race under Apartheid?
A) Coloured B) Indian C) Black D) White
- 27. Which religious leader spoke out against Apartheid and received the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Mahatma Gandhi B) Martin Luther King Jr. C) Nelson Mandela D) Desmond Tutu
- 28. In what year was the Sharpeville Massacre?
A) 1976 B) 1956 C) 1961 D) 1960
- 29. Who was the first black woman to receive a Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Albertina Sisulu B) Winnie Mandela C) Bishop Desmond Tutu D) Wangari Maathai
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