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  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious signs of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Begin collecting evidence
B) Pronounce the victim dead
C) Move the body to the hospital
D) Call a physician to establish death
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Natural causes
C) Phosphorus poisoning
D) Asphyxia
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death What post-mortem change is this?
A) Putrefaction
B) Rigor mortis
C) Algor mortis
D) Livor mortis
  • 4. During an autopsy, the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Saponification
B) Early putrefaction
C) Maceration
D) Mummification
  • 5. A patient in a coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this?
A) Syncope
B) Cardiac arrest
C) Coma
D) Asphyxia
  • 6. Abody is found with blood settled in dependent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Carbon monoxide lividity
B) Hypostatic lividity
C) Phosphorus lividity
D) Diffusion lividity
  • 7. A person is found dead with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Dead
B) Alive
C) Requires further examination
D) Suspended animation
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate?
A) Death occurred after heal application
B) Heat caused death
C) Body is alive
D) Death occurred before heat application
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale and waxy, loss of elasticity, and post-mortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Autolysis
B) Early post-mortem changes
C) Advanced putrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 10. . A victim was found with instantaneous muscle rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called?
A) Cold stiffening
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Rigor mortis
D) Heat stiffening
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock. What is this condition?
A) Molecular death
B) Clinical death
C) Apparent death or suspended animation
D) Somatic death
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. What poison is likely involved?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Cyanide
C) Phosphorus
D) Arsenic
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Putrefaction
B) Mummification
C) Saponification
D) Autolysis
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision. What is this called?
A) Medical examination
B) Post-mortem examination
C) Autopsy
D) Forensic investigation
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is tasked to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes. What type of autopsy is performed?
A) Clinical autopsy
B) Medical autopsy
C) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
D) Research autopsy
  • 16. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fixed lividity. How long has the person likely been dead?
A) 12 hours or more
B) 3-6 hours
C) Less than 3 hours
D) More than 1 week
  • 17. Avictim's body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex. What does this indicate?
A) Brain death
B) Suspended animation
C) The person is alive
D) Early signs of death
  • 18. A body is found with fatty tissues Transformed into a soft brownish-white substance. What process is this?
A) Saponification or adipocere formation
B) Mummification
C) Maceration
D) Putrefaction
  • 19. A physieran notes that the victim survived an injury for a prolonged period allowing complications to develop before death. What cause of death is this?
A) Immediate cause
B) Unknown cause
C) Natural cause
D) Proximate (secondary) cause
  • 20. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) Early
B) Advanced
C) None
D) Final
  • 21. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered. What type of lividity is this?
A) Diffusion
B) Hypostatic
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Phosphorus
  • 22. Avictim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened. What condition simulates rigor mortis?
A) Cold stiffening
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Heat stiffening
D) Rigor mortis
  • 23. A physician is called to a crime scene where the victim's heart has stopped for 6 minutes. What is the status of death?
A) Requires resuscitation
B) The victim is alive
C) Death is uncertain
D) Death is certain
  • 24. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Algor mortis
B) Tache noir de la sclerotique
C) Livor mortis
D) Rigor mortis
  • 25. A forensic expert finds that the victim's muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis. What stage is this
A) Post-mortem rigidity
B) Primary flaccidity
C) Putrefaction
D) Secondary flaccidity
  • 26. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be done next?
A) Wait for 3 more minutes before
B) Call the police
C) Attempt resuscitation
D) Declare death immediately
  • 27. Avictim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen. What mode of death is this?
A) Coma
B) Asphyxia
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Syncope
  • 28. A body is found with post-mortem lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Both A and B
C) Cyanide poisoning
D) Neither A nor B
  • 29. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Livor mortis
B) Changes in the skin after death
C) Rigor mortis
D) Algor mortis
  • 30. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the

    body likely been dead?
A) More than 12 hours
B) 6-12 hours
C) 2-6 hours
D) Less than 2 hours
  • 31. Which wound is most likely to cause death immediately after infliction?
A) Closed wound
B) Superficial wound
C) Mortal wound
D) Non-mortal wound.
  • 32. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded?
A) Lungs
B) Brain
C) Skin
D) Heart
  • 33. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called
A) Stab wound
B) Incised wound
C) Contusion
D) Punctured wound
  • 34. What is a wound caused by a sharp-edged instrument?
A) Incised wound
B) Lacerated wound
C) Contusion
D) Hematoma
  • 35. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument?
A) Lacerated wound
B) Abrasion
C) Punctured wound
D) Stab wound
  • 36. Awound that has both entry and exit points is called
A) Lacerated wound
B) Perforating wound
C) Contusion
D) Abrasion
  • 37. An injury at the site of force application is
A) Coup injury
B) Contre-coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Defense wound
  • 38. An injury found opposite the site of force application is
A) Coup injury
B) Defense wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Contre-coup injury
  • 39. A wound resulting from self-protection is called:
A) Patterned wound
B) Defense wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Self-inflicted wound
  • 40. wound that reflects the shape

    of the object causing it is:
A) Coup injury
B) Closed wound
C) Superficial wound
D) Patterned wound
  • 41. A wound produced on oneself

    is called:
A) Pattemed wound
B) Coup injury
C) Deferise wound
D) Self-inflicted wound
  • 42. According to Aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 30th day
B) 40th day
C) 20th day
D) 50th day
  • 43. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) They should be buried immediately.
B) They should be given a trial
C) None of the above
D) They should be opened to save the child
  • 44. Who was the first Police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Paulus Zacchias
B) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
C) Antistius
D) Ambroise Pare
  • 45. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Cardiac and muscular only
B) Respiratory and digestive only
C) Respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
D) Central nervous system only
  • 46. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is extinguished
B) It is transferred to heirs
C) It is suspended
D) It continues
  • 47. Immediate (Primary) cause of death refers to
A) Death caused by poisoning only
B) Death caused by slow disease progression
C) Deatty-Caused by accidents only.
D) Death caused quickly without Complications
  • 48. What is somatic or clinical death?
A) Death declared by family members
B) Death of individual cells
C) Complete cessation of brain, heart, and lung functions
D) Temporary loss of consciousness
  • 49. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Biologic death
B) Psychic death
C) Sociologic death
D) Physiologic death
  • 50. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exits from the back. What type of wound is this?
A) Perforating wound
B) Penetrating wound
C) Incised wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 51. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being struck, What is this wound called?
A) Defense wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Coup injury
D) Self-inflicted wound
  • 52. A child falls and scrapes hús knee, resulting in the loss of only the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this?
A) Contusion
B) Abrasion
C) Incised wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 53. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victim's palm, likely caused by instinctive self-protection against an attacker with a knife. What is this wound called?
A) Defense wound
B) Contra-coup injury
C) Coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 54. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling. discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most
    likely diagnosis?
A) Heat stroke
B) Scald
C) Frostbile
D) Trench foot
  • 55. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more. destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at close range. What explains the severity?
A) The Bullet was made of rubber
B) The discharge was close to the skin
C) The wound was accidental
D) The bullet was small
  • 56. After a car accident, a patient is found to have a partial disruption in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint, but no bone displacement. What is this injury called?
A) Strain
B) Fracture
C) Sprain
D) Dislocation
  • 57. A young woman is examined after an alleged sexual assault Her hymen is found to be lacerated, What is the medical
    term for this finding?
A) Cribiform hymen
B) Demi-virginity
C) Defloration
D) False physical virginity
  • 58. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely
    manner of death?
A) Homicide
B) Undetermined
C) Accident
D) Suicide
  • 59. What is the first essential step
    in a homicide investigation?
A) Collecting evidence
B) Establishing the fact of death
C) Interviewing witnesses
D) Arresting suspects
  • 60. Apparent death or suspended animation may occur in:
A) Hysteria
B) Electric shock
C) Uremia
D) All of the above
  • 61. Which mode of death results primarily from failure of vital brain. centers?
A) Asphyxia
B) Coma
C) Syncope
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 62. What is rigor mortis?
A) Cooling of the body
B) Discoloration of the body
C) Loss of comeal reflex
D) Stiflening of the body muscles after death
  • 63. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries?
A) 24 hours
B) 6-8 hours
C) 12-16 hours
D) 1-3 hours
  • 64. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity?
A) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
B) Initial muscle stiffness
C) Cooling of the body
D) Discoloration of the skin
  • 65. What is autolysis?
A) Sell-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
B) Muscle stiffening
C) Cooling of the body
D) Bacterial decomposition
  • 66. Putrefaction involves
A) Instantaneous muscle stiffening
B) Dehydration of the body
C) Loss of corneal reflex
D) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
  • 67. Which of the following is special modification of putrefaction?
A) Mummification
B) Maceration
C) All of the above
D) Saponification
  • 68. What is the difference between autopsy and post-mortem. examination?
A) Autopsy, is done by police only
B) Post-mortem includes internal examination, autopsy is external only
C) Autopsy includes internal examination, post-mortem is external only
D) Both are the same
  • 69. What is the main purpose of medico-legal or forensic autopsy?
A) None of the above
B) Determine medical cause of death for research
C) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
D) Perform organ donation
  • 70. Which is NOT a general effect of heat?
A) Heat cramps
B) Heat stroke
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Frostbite
  • 71. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called.
A) Heat stroke
B) Trench foot
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heat cramps
  • 72. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is
A) Heat cramps
B) Heat stroke
C) Frostbite
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 73. A life-threatening condition from high temperatures is
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Scald
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat stroke
  • 74. A burn caused by hot liquid is:
A) Contusion
B) Scald
C) Burn
D) Frostbite
  • 75. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Projectile
B) Rope
C) Blunt object
D) Knife
  • 76. The closer the gun is to the skin, the
A) No effect
B) None of the above
C) Greater the damage
D) Lesser the damage
  • 77. Which is NOT a sign of accidental gunshot wound?
A) Multiple wounds
B) No special area involved
C) Usually one shot
D) Witness testimony
  • 78. Which is NOT a sign of homicidal gunshot wound?
A) Absence of weapon
B) Firearm found at scene
C) Multiple entry sites
D) Signs of struggle
  • 79. Hanging is usually considered
A) Suicidal
B) Homicidal
C) Accidental
D) Undetermined
  • 80. Which is NOT a common method of suicide?
A) Frostbite
B) Poisoning
C) Hanging
D) Drowning
  • 81. Accidental death is defined as
    death that:
A) Occurs beyond one's will
B) Is planned
C) Is self-inflicted
D) Is always violent
  • 82. Rape is committed when there
A) Full penetration
B) Only oral contact
C) Slightest penetration
D) No penetration
  • 83. Which is NOT an essential
    element of rape?
A) Victim is always over 18
B) Offender is a man
C) Use of force or intimidation.
D) Canal knowledge
  • 84. Sexual assault under the Ant Rape Law includes:
A) Both A and B
B) Only vaginal intercounse
C) Inserting object into genital orifice
D) Inserting penis into mouth
  • 85. Which is NOT evidence in rape vestigation?
A) Physical exam of victim
B) Panty of victim
C) Suspect's clothing
D) Victim's height
  • 86. Virginity is presumed when a woman is
A) Married
B) None of the above
C) Over 40
D) Single and of good reputation
  • 87. Defloration is
A) None of the above
B) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
C) Only from sports
D) Any hymen injury
  • 88. Demi-virginity refers to:
A) Complete abstinence
B) Never having sexual liberties
C) None of the above
D) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
  • 89. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards corpses
B) Sexual desire towards children
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards animals
  • 90. Necrophilia is:
A) Sexual desire towards children
B) Sexual desire towards corpses
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards animals
  • 91. What is the usual time frame fer rigor mortis to disappear?
A) 18-36 hours
B) 1 week
C) 48-72 hours
D) 6-12 hours
  • 92. What is the first sign of death in the eye?
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Clouding of cormea
C) Flaccidity of eyeball
D) Pupil fixed in position of rest
  • 93. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"?
A) Discoloration of nails
B) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
C) Rigor mortis in eyelids
D) Bruise on the skin
  • 94. What does heat application on skin after death produce?
A) Wet blister
B) No blister
C) Dry blister without fluid
D) Redness around blister
  • 95. What is hypostatic lividity?
A) Cooling of the body
B) Discoloration due to poisoning
C) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
D) Blood still fluid inside vessels, changes with body position
  • 96. What is diffusion lividity?
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Discoloration due to heat
C) Blood still fluid inside vessels
D) Blood coagulated inside vessels
  • 97. What is the cause of death in syncope?
A) Respiratory failure
B) Brain failure
C) Heart failure
D) Poisoning
  • 98. What is the cause of death in asphyxia?
A) Heart failure
B) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
C) Poisoning
D) Brain failure
  • 99. Which of the following is NOT a method of judicial death?
A) Hanging
B) Lethal injection
C) Natural causes
D) Electrocution
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