Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective

1. Which country is often cited as a case of late industrialization?

A) Russia.
B) United States.
C) Japan.
D) Germany.

2. In historical terms, which region is often associated with prolonged economic backwardness?

A) North America.
B) Sub-Saharan Africa.
C) East Asia.
D) Western Europe.

3. Which historical event marked a significant shift towards industrialization for many European countries?

A) The Cold War.
B) The French Revolution.
C) The Industrial Revolution.
D) World War I.

4. Which country is often cited as an example of successful late industrialization?

A) United Kingdom.
B) India.
C) South Korea.
D) Italy.

5. What is an essential feature of 'catch-up' growth?

A) Adoption of existing technologies.
B) Total isolation from global markets.
C) Rejection of foreign ideas.
D) Only focusing on agriculture.

6. Which economic policy is likely to encourage development in backward economies?

A) Reducing state involvement in the economy.
B) Investment in education and infrastructure.
C) Encouraging emigration of skilled workers.
D) Maintaining high tariffs on imports.

7. Which approach argues that backwardness is primarily due to cultural factors?

A) Historical materialism.
B) Economic liberalism.
C) Cultural determinism.
D) Structuralism.

8. Which theory focuses on the role of institutions in economic development?

A) New Institutional Economics.
B) Neoclassical Economics.
C) Marxian Economics.
D) Classical Economics.

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