Stonehenge (England) - Test
Stonehenge England
  • 1. What is Stonehenge primarily made of?
A) Granite
B) Sandstone
C) Limestone
D) Sarsen stones
  • 2. Where is Stonehenge located?
A) Ireland
B) Scotland
C) Wiltshire, England
D) Wales
  • 3. What is the primary purpose of Stonehenge?
A) Astronomic observatory
B) Fortress
C) Market area
D) Ceremonial site
  • 4. How many main types of stones are used at Stonehenge?
A) Two
B) Three
C) One
D) Four
  • 5. What is the significant feature at the center of Stonehenge?
A) The heel stone
B) The lintel
C) The bluestone
D) The altar stone
  • 6. What type of stone are the smaller inner stones at Stonehenge known as?
A) Sarsen stones
B) Granite stones
C) Quartz stones
D) Bluestones
  • 7. Is Stonehenge a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) Yes
B) Only partially
C) Not yet
D) No
  • 8. What year did Stonehenge become a protected monument?
A) 1882
B) 1975
C) 2000
D) 1930
  • 9. What feature is unique to Stonehenge among contemporary monuments?
A) Mortise and tenon joints
B) Use of marble stones
C) Circular layout
D) Alignment with the solstices
  • 10. During which solstice is Stonehenge aligned towards the sunrise?
A) Autumn equinox
B) Winter solstice
C) Spring equinox
D) Summer solstice
  • 11. When was the construction of Stonehenge begun?
A) Around 2000 BC
B) About 3100 BC
C) Approximately 1500 BC
D) Nearly 1000 BC
  • 12. When were the sarsen stones placed at Stonehenge?
A) Between 2600 BC and 2400 BC
B) From 2500 BC to 2300 BC
C) Around 3000 BC to 2900 BC
D) Between 2700 BC and 2500 BC
  • 13. Who owns Stonehenge?
A) National Trust
B) English Heritage
C) The Crown Estate
D) UNESCO
  • 14. When was Stonehenge added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites?
A) 2010
B) 1986
C) 2000
D) 1995
  • 15. What is the possible original meaning of 'Stonehenge' according to William Stukeley?
A) 'Burial ground'
B) 'Sacred circle'
C) 'Hanging stones'
D) 'Precipice rocks'
  • 16. What is the definition of a henge in archaeological terms?
A) A stone circle with lintels
B) An ancient temple
C) A circular banked enclosure with an internal ditch
D) A burial mound
  • 17. What is the earliest phase of Stonehenge's construction?
A) Construction of trilithons
B) Positioning of bluestones
C) The placement of sarsen stones
D) The circular earth bank and ditch
  • 18. What is the possible etymology of 'henge' in Stonehenge?
A) 'Sacred monument'
B) 'Burial site'
C) 'Hinge' or 'to hang'
D) 'Stone circle'
  • 19. What is the earliest evidence of human activity at Stonehenge?
A) Iron weapons from 1500 BC
B) Deposits containing human bone from around 3000 BC
C) Bronze tools from 2500 BC
D) Pottery shards from 2000 BC
  • 20. Who led the Stonehenge Riverside Project?
A) John Smith
B) Mike Parker Pearson
C) Emma Johnson
D) David Brown
  • 21. What was Stonehenge associated with from its earliest period?
A) Residential living
B) Trade
C) Burial
D) Agriculture
  • 22. During which millennium did Stonehenge reach its zenith?
A) Mid third millennium B.C.
B) First millennium A.D.
C) Fourth millennium B.C.
D) Second millennium B.C.
  • 23. How long did the construction phases of Stonehenge span?
A) 1000 years
B) At least 1500 years
C) 2000 years
D) 500 years
  • 24. What is the estimated time frame of Stonehenge's landscape development?
A) 3000 years
B) 5000 years
C) 8000 years
D) 6500 years
  • 25. What alignment did three of the Mesolithic posts have?
A) Diagonal
B) East-west
C) Circular
D) North-south
  • 26. Where is Warren Field, considered the world's oldest lunisolar calendar, located?
A) Cornwall
B) Aberdeenshire
C) Wiltshire
D) Yorkshire
  • 27. What was built in 3500 BC near Stonehenge?
A) Wooden henge
B) Neolithic village
C) Stonehenge Cursus
D) Stone circle
  • 28. What was the landscape like around Stonehenge 4000 years before it became a monument?
A) Desert
B) Swampy
C) Wooded
D) Mountainous
  • 29. What material was used to construct the circular bank and ditch enclosure of Stonehenge 1?
A) Late Cretaceous (Santonian Age) Seaford chalk
B) Limestone from nearby cliffs
C) Granite from Preseli Hills
D) Sandstone from local quarry
  • 30. Who is credited with first identifying the Aubrey holes at Stonehenge?
A) William Hawley
B) Parker Pearson
C) Isaac Newton
D) John Aubrey, a 17th-century antiquarian
  • 31. What evidence suggested that the first bluestones at Stonehenge might have been used as grave markers?
A) Inscriptions on the stones
B) Presence of gold artifacts
C) Fossilized remains
D) The underlying chalk beneath the graves was crushed by substantial weight
  • 32. What type of structure was likely built within the Stonehenge enclosure during its second phase?
A) An earthen mound
B) A timber structure
C) A metal framework
D) A stone circle
  • 33. What function did the Aubrey Holes serve during Stonehenge's second phase?
A) They contained cremation burials
B) They held water
C) They were used for ceremonial gatherings
D) They stored food supplies
  • 34. From where were the bluestones of Stonehenge most likely transported?
A) Preseli Hills in modern-day Pembrokeshire, Wales
B) Scottish Highlands
C) Brecon Beacons in Wales
D) Glacial erratics by the Irish Sea Glacier
  • 35. What is the most likely source of some of Stonehenge's bluestone as discovered in 2011?
A) Irish Sea Glacier
B) Scottish Highlands
C) Craig Rhos-y-felin near Crymych in Pembrokeshire
D) Brecon Beacons
  • 36. What was the Altar Stone at Stonehenge believed to have been derived from?
A) Brecon Beacons
B) Scottish Highlands
C) Preseli Hills directly
D) Senni Beds, possibly east of the Preseli Hills
  • 37. What type of stone is the Heel Stone at Stonehenge?
A) Bluestone
B) Sarsen stone
C) Tertiary sandstone
D) Limestone
  • 38. How many trilithons were arranged in a horseshoe shape at Stonehenge?
A) Ten trilithons
B) Seven trilithons
C) Five trilithons
D) Three trilithons
  • 39. What is the orientation of the trilithon horseshoe at Stonehenge?
A) Open end facing northeast
B) Aligned with the setting sun on winter solstice
C) Facing the rising Sun on summer solstice
D) Open end facing southwest
  • 40. What is the estimated weight of each trilithon stone at Stonehenge?
A) 20 tons each
B) 30 tons each
C) 10 tons each
D) Up to 50 tons each
  • 41. What was the purpose of the large timber circle at Durrington Walls?
A) Center of a 'land of the living'
B) Burial ground
C) Agricultural site
D) Defensive structure
  • 42. What shape did the northeastern section of the Phase 3 IV bluestone circle form after its removal?
A) Oval arrangement
B) Horseshoe-shaped setting
C) Square formation
D) Circular arrangement
  • 43. What is the term used for silicified sandstone boulders found at Stonehenge?
A) Trilithons
B) Sarsens
C) Bluestones
D) Lintels
  • 44. What unusual property do Stonehenge's igneous bluestones possess?
A) Unusual acoustic properties
B) Magnetic properties
C) Thermal properties
D) Reflective properties
  • 45. What is the name of the massive Iron Age hillfort built alongside Stonehenge's Avenue?
A) Amesbury Archer
B) Vespasian's Camp
C) Durrington Walls
D) Seahenge
  • 46. What is the name of the teenage boy buried near Stonehenge who was raised near the Mediterranean Sea?
A) The Boscombe Bowmen
B) Seahenge
C) Vespasian's Camp
D) The Amesbury Archer
  • 47. What is the name of the village in Preseli known for using local bluestones as church bells?
A) Durrington Walls
B) Vespasian's Camp
C) Seahenge
D) Maenclochog
  • 48. From where did the agricultural techniques of Neolithic farmers in Britain originally come?
A) Anatolia
B) Africa
C) Northern Europe
D) South America
  • 49. What was the primary ancestry source for paternal (Y-DNA) lineages of Neolithic farmers in Britain?
A) Western Hunter-Gatherers
B) Early European Farmers
C) Aegean Ancestors
D) Central Asian Nomads
  • 50. How much of Britain's Neolithic gene pool was replaced by the arrival of the Bell Beaker people?
A) More than 90%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 30%
  • 51. What subsistence pattern is associated with monumental construction at Poverty Point and Sannai Maruyama?
A) Fishing
B) Hunting
C) Non-cereal farming
D) Cereal agriculture
  • 52. What was the primary route taken by Early European Farmers to reach Britain?
A) Through Africa
B) Iberia before heading north
C) Via Scandinavia
D) Directly from Anatolia
  • 53. Who excavated the decapitated skeleton found within Stonehenge's stone circles?
A) John Aubrey
B) Mike Pitts
C) Richard J. C. Atkinson
D) William Hawley
  • 54. What is the estimated date range for the decapitated skeleton found at Stonehenge?
A) 700–800 AD
B) 600–690 AD
C) 400–500 AD
D) 100–200 AD
  • 55. Who continued John Aubrey's work and identified the Cursus and Avenue?
A) Richard Colt Hoare
B) John Wood, the Elder
C) Inigo Jones
D) William Stukeley
  • 56. Who supported William Cunnington's work and excavated 379 barrows?
A) Richard Colt Hoare
B) John Wood, the Elder
C) William Stukeley
D) Charles Darwin
  • 57. In what year were three of the standing sarsens re-erected and set in concrete bases?
A) 1995
B) 1979
C) 1958
D) 1963
  • 58. What did William Hawley locate inside the bank during the 1920 restoration?
A) The remains of the Stonehenge Archer
B) Carved axes on sarsen stones
C) Mesolithic postholes
D) Aubrey's pits
  • 59. How many new monuments were revealed by the University of Birmingham's 2014 study?
A) As many as 17
B) Two
C) Four
D) Nine
  • 60. What method was used to determine the chemical composition of the sarsen stones at Stonehenge?
A) Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
B) X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
C) Carbon dating
D) Electromagnetic induction field survey
  • 61. What was found within one of the Bronze Age graves discovered during excavations for the Stonehenge road tunnel?
A) Iron tools
B) Stonehenge blue stones
C) A shale object
D) Roman coins
  • 62. What is another name for the Heel Stone at Stonehenge?
A) "Moon-Stone"
B) "Friar's Heel"
C) "King's Rock"
D) "Devil's Marker"
  • 63. According to folklore, who bought the stones from a woman in Ireland?
A) Uther Pendragon
B) The Devil
C) Merlin
D) King Arthur
  • 64. What did the friar say to the Devil when challenged about knowing how the stones came to Salisbury Plain?
A) "Tell me more."
B) "You're lying."
C) "I don't believe you."
D) "That's what you think!"
  • 65. Who did Hengist invite to a feast, leading to the massacre legend?
A) British Celtic warriors
B) The Irish army
C) Roman soldiers
D) Merlin and his followers
  • 66. How many British Celtic warriors were killed during Hengist's treacherous feast?
A) 300
B) 600
C) 420
D) 500
  • 67. Who acquired Amesbury Abbey and its surrounding lands, including Stonehenge, in the sixteenth century?
A) King Henry VIII
B) Cecil Chubb
C) The National Trust
D) Sir Cosmo Gordon Antrobus
  • 68. In what year did the Antrobus family purchase the estate that included Stonehenge?
A) 1540
B) 1927
C) 1915
D) 1824
  • 69. Who bought Stonehenge at auction in 1915 and later gifted it to the nation?
A) Sir Cosmo Gordon Antrobus
B) Knight Frank & Rutley
C) Cecil Chubb
D) George V
  • 70. Who was the lead subscriber to the 'save the skyline' fund?
A) Cecil Chubb
B) George V
C) Sir Cosmo Gordon Antrobus
D) The National Trust
  • 71. By October 1927, how much money had been raised by the 'save the skyline' fund?
A) £8,000
B) £10,000
C) £6,600
D) £561,400
  • 72. When was the last large aircraft hangar at Stonehenge Aerodrome removed?
A) 2022
B) 1927
C) 1930
D) 1915
  • 73. Which organization provided a grant in 2022 for acquiring more land around Stonehenge?
A) Royal Flying Corps
B) National Heritage Lottery Fund (NHLF)
C) Knight Frank & Rutley
D) The National Trust
  • 74. What event led to the closure of Stonehenge to festivalgoers in 1985?
A) Stonehenge Free Festival
B) Battle of the Beanfield
C) European Court of Human Rights ruling
D) A High Court injunction
  • 75. In what year was a party of 100 people first allowed access to Stonehenge for solstice celebrations?
A) 2001
B) 1985
C) 2000
D) 1998
  • 76. Which historian remarked on the irony of modern Druids arriving at Stonehenge?
A) Ronald Hutton
B) A representative of the National Trust
C) A member of the Polytantric Circle
D) Arthur Uther Pendragon
  • 77. What was Stonehenge's rank in the 2006 National Geographic survey?
A) 50th
B) 75th
C) 100th
D) 1st
  • 78. Which firm designed the visitor centre that opened in December 2013?
A) Denton Corker Marshall
B) Gensler
C) Foster + Partners
D) Zaha Hadid Architects
  • 79. What decision was made by the Labour government in July 2024 regarding the tunnel?
A) Funding for the project was increased.
B) A new design for the tunnel was approved.
C) The tunnel would 'not move forward'.
D) Construction would begin immediately.
  • 80. What was used by tourists to take rock chips from Stonehenge as souvenirs?
A) Chisels
B) Screwdrivers
C) Picks
D) Hammers
  • 81. When were the first Free Festivals held at Stonehenge annually?
A) 1980 onwards
B) 1990 onwards
C) 1975 onwards
D) 1969 onwards
  • 82. What was used in 1984 to deface Stonehenge?
A) Acid
B) Red spray paint
C) Black marker pens
D) Purple spray paint
  • 83. In what year was the British transport minister accused of vandalism regarding Stonehenge?
A) 2018
B) 2015
C) 2020
D) 2019
  • 84. When was the tunnel plan near Stonehenge cancelled by the Labour government?
A) December 2025
B) March 2022
C) January 2023
D) July 2024
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