- 1. The Kingdom of Romania during the interwar period, spanning from the end of World War I in 1918 to the onset of World War II in 1939, was characterized by a complex tapestry of political, social, and economic changes that marked its evolution from a newly unified state to a prominent player in Eastern Europe. Following the 1918 union of Transylvania with the Romanian Kingdom, which brought significant territorial expansion, the country faced the challenge of integrating diverse ethnic groups, including Hungarians, Saxons, and Romani, amidst rising nationalist sentiments. The interwar years were marked by political instability, with a fluctuating parliamentary democracy and frequent changes in government. The rise of various political movements, including the far-right Iron Guard and the Communist Party, reflected the growing unrest and socio-economic challenges, such as agrarian distress and urban labor strikes. King Ferdinand I's progressive reforms aimed to modernize the agricultural sector and promote national unity, yet the struggles with economic crisis and the influence of foreign powers like France and neighboring Hungary created a tumultuous political landscape. The decade of the 1930s saw Romania shifting towards authoritarianism under King Carol II, who imposed a royal dictatorship in an attempt to stabilize the country amid rising geopolitical tensions in Europe, which ultimately set the stage for Romania's entry into World War II. The interwar period remains a crucial chapter in Romanian history, embodying the struggles of a nation grappling with its identity, governance, and role in a rapidly changing European context.
What was the name of the period of authoritarian rule established by King Carol II?
A) Royal Dictatorship
B) Communist Rule
C) Fascist Regime
D) People's Republic
- 2. Which major event in Europe in 1929 significantly impacted Romania?
A) Italian Invasion
B) Great Depression
C) Russian Revolution
D) World War I
- 3. The Iron Guard was associated with which ideology?
A) Fascism
B) Liberalism
C) Socialism
D) Communism
- 4. Who succeeded King Ferdinand I after his death in 1927?
A) King Charles II
B) King Charles I
C) King Carol II
D) King Michael I
- 5. What year marked the start of the Royal Dictatorship in Romania?
A) 1938
B) 1935
C) 1940
D) 1945
- 6. Which city became the capital of Romania in 1862?
A) Iasi
B) Bucharest
C) Cluj-Napoca
D) Timisoara
- 7. What was the 1923 Constitution known for?
A) Abolishing all parties
B) Enforcing strict censorship
C) Establishing civil rights
D) Granting absolute monarchy
- 8. What natural resource was particularly significant to Romania’s economy?
A) Gold
B) Oil
C) Uranium
D) Coal
- 9. What was Romania’s stance at the beginning of World War II?
A) Pro-Axis
B) Involved
C) Neutral
D) Pro-Allied
- 10. In what year did King Carol II abdicate?
A) 1940
B) 1945
C) 1938
D) 1939
- 11. The Romanian economy during the interwar period was largely reliant on which sector?
A) Agriculture
B) Manufacturing
C) Technology
D) Services
- 12. The Treaty of Trianon (1920) affected Romania’s borders with which country?
A) Bulgaria
B) Ukraine
C) Serbia
D) Hungary
- 13. In 1941, Romania allied with Nazi Germany to attack which country?
A) Poland
B) Soviet Union
C) Hungary
D) Finland
- 14. When did Romania officially become a kingdom?
A) 1881
B) 1918
C) 1900
D) 1866
- 15. What significant treaty recognized Romania's borders post-World War I?
A) Treaty of Saint-Germain
B) Treaty of Trianon
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Bucharest
- 16. Which organization aimed to unite Romanian territories in the interwar period?
A) Romania Mare
B) Romanian Union
C) Little Romania
D) Greater Romania
- 17. Who was the notable fascist leader in Romania during the interwar period?
A) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
B) Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
C) Ion Antonescu
D) Nicolae Ceausescu
- 18. What was the popular nationalist sentiment in Romania during interwar years?
A) Irredentism
B) Pan-Slavism
C) Globalism
D) Internationalism
- 19. What was the impact of land reforms in interwar Romania?
A) Extension of aristocratic estates
B) Consolidation of land ownership
C) Redistribution of land to peasants
D) Creation of new cities
- 20. Which event marked the end of the interwar period in Romania?
A) The rise of communism
B) World War II
C) The Great Depression
D) The abdication of Carol II
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