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How We Think by John Dewey
  • 1. In 'How We Think', John Dewey articulates a comprehensive framework for understanding the thinking process, emphasizing the importance of reflective thought in education and life. Dewey presents thinking as an active, dynamic process rather than a passive reception of information, encouraging individuals to engage critically with their experiences and to analyze their thought patterns. He delineates between 'inference' and 'deduction', arguing that true thinking arises when individuals encounter problems that require exploration and reasoning, leading to informed conclusions. Moreover, Dewey stresses that effective thinking is inherently social and contextual, shaped by interactions with others and the environment. He advocates for educational practices that nurture critical thinking habits, fostering a generation capable of independent thought and innovation. This work has lasting implications for pedagogy and the understanding of cognitive processes, underscoring the necessity of an experiential learning approach that values inquiry and practical engagement over rote memorization.

    Dewey argues that the ultimate goal of education should be to teach what?
A) Memorization of facts
B) What to think
C) Technical vocational skills
D) How to think
  • 2. What does Dewey identify as the origin of thought?
A) Divine inspiration
B) Rote memorization
C) A problematic situation
D) Genetic predisposition
  • 3. What does Dewey contrast with reflective thought?
A) Emotional response
B) Physical exercise
C) Routine action
D) Mathematical calculation
  • 4. According to Dewey, what is a 'warranted assertion'?
A) A legally binding statement
B) A guess made with confidence
C) An opinion stated loudly
D) A belief justified by inquiry
  • 5. What role does 'data' play in Dewey's reflective thinking?
A) It provides the facts for the problem
B) It is an unnecessary distraction
C) It is only used in science
D) It is the final conclusion
  • 6. Dewey believed that ideas should be considered as what?
A) Abstract truths
B) Poetic expressions
C) Fixed entities
D) Plans of action
  • 7. What is the final step in Dewey's pattern of reflective thought?
A) Celebrating the conclusion
B) Publishing the results
C) Forgetting the initial problem
D) Testing the hypothesis by action
  • 8. For Dewey, what is the relationship between thinking and experience?
A) They are completely separate
B) Experience corrupts thinking
C) Thinking arises from experience
D) Thinking creates experience
  • 9. What does Dewey mean by 'the inductive movement'?
A) A physical exercise routine
B) A political ideology
C) Reasoning from specific facts to a general idea
D) The movement of tectonic plates
  • 10. According to Dewey, what is a key characteristic of a good thinker?
A) A large vocabulary
B) Open-mindedness
C) Stubbornness
D) Speed of thought
  • 11. What is the 'double movement of reflection'?
A) Inductive and deductive reasoning
B) Reading and then writing
C) Thinking and then sleeping
D) Asking and then answering
  • 12. Dewey argues that the scientific method is what?
A) The perfected form of thinking
B) An outdated mode of inquiry
C) Too complex for everyday use
D) Only for use in laboratories
  • 13. What is a 'prejudice' in Dewey's analysis?
A) A synonym for preference
B) A type of scientific instrument
C) A judgment formed before evidence is examined
D) A legal term for bias in court
  • 14. For Dewey, what is the value of a hypothesis?
A) It is only useful in fiction
B) It directs observation and experimentation
C) It is a wild guess with little value
D) It is the final answer to a problem
  • 15. What does Dewey identify as a major obstacle to good thinking?
A) Too much free time
B) Lack of access to libraries
C) Acceptance of authority without question
D) Over-reliance on technology
  • 16. What is the role of 'meaning' in Dewey's theory?
A) It is irrelevant to thinking
B) It is a purely linguistic concept
C) It connects a present idea to a future consequence
D) It is a dictionary definition
  • 17. According to Dewey, what is the first step in the reflective thought process?
A) Testing a solution
B) A felt difficulty
C) Formulating a hypothesis
D) Accepting a conclusion
  • 18. Dewey was a leading proponent of which school of thought?
A) Stoicism
B) Pragmatism
C) Existentialism
D) Idealism
  • 19. What educational approach is most closely associated with Dewey's ideas?
A) Progressive Education
B) Montessori Education
C) Vocational Training
D) Classical Education
  • 20. Dewey's reflective thinking is often summarized as the 'scientific method' applied to what?
A) Laboratory experiments only
B) Mathematical proofs
C) Theological inquiry
D) Everyday problems
  • 21. Dewey's model of reflective thinking consists of how many distinct phases?
A) Seven
B) Ten
C) Three
D) Five
  • 22. Dewey criticizes teaching methods that rely too heavily on...
A) Group discussion
B) Artistic expression
C) Scientific experimentation
D) Rote memorization
  • 23. For Dewey, the ultimate test of a thought or idea is its...
A) Popularity among experts
B) Complexity and elegance
C) Practical consequences
D) Age and tradition
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