Public finance

1. Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It encompasses all activities related to the collection of revenue through taxes and other means, as well as the allocation of funds for public services and goods. Public finance also involves budgeting, spending, borrowing, and managing the financial resources of the government. It aims to ensure that public funds are used efficiently and effectively to promote economic growth, social welfare, and overall prosperity for the society.

What is the purpose of public expenditure?

A) Reducing competition
B) Generating revenue
C) Maximizing profit
D) Provision of public goods and services

2. Which of the following is an example of a regressive tax?

A) Income tax
B) Progressive tax
C) Sales tax
D) Property tax

3. What is the role of the budget deficit in public finance?

A) When government saves surplus revenue
B) Generating additional revenue
C) Balancing the budget annually
D) When government spending exceeds revenue

4. What is the Laffer curve used to illustrate in public finance?

A) Inflationary pressures
B) Interest rate fluctuations
C) Foreign aid expenditure
D) Relationship between tax rates and government revenue

5. What are the components of a government budget?

A) Revenue, expenditure, and deficit/surplus
B) Gross domestic product, inflation rate, and employment rate
C) Stock market indices, exchange rates, and bond yields
D) Corporate profits, expenses, and dividends

6. What is the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance?

A) Tax evasion is for corporations, tax avoidance is for individuals
B) Tax evasion is avoiding taxes, tax avoidance is delaying taxes
C) Tax evasion is by wealthy people, tax avoidance is by middle class
D) Tax evasion is illegal, tax avoidance is legal

7. What is the purpose of a capital gains tax?

A) Tax on income from employment
B) Tax on goods and services
C) Tax on profit from the sale of assets
D) Tax on property ownership

8. What is the role of the principle of subsidiarity in public finance?

A) Globalization of public services
B) Privatization of public services
C) Decentralization of public services to the lowest level of government
D) Centralization of public services under one government agency

9. Why is it important for governments to have a stable and predictable tax system?

A) Encourages tax evasion
B) Leads to budget deficits
C) Increases government spending
D) Promotes economic growth and investment

10. What is the purpose of an excise duty?

A) Tax on specific goods like alcohol and tobacco
B) Tax on property ownership
C) Tax on income
D) Tax on imports

11. What is the significance of the government's budget formulation process?

A) Promotes tax evasion
B) Increases government debt
C) Leads to inflation
D) Sets out government priorities and resource allocation

12. What is the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in public finance?

A) Regulating global trade agreements
B) Providing financial assistance and policy advice to countries
C) Issuing currency
D) Managing national budgets

13. What is the impact of government spending on economic growth?

A) Increases taxes
B) Leads to lower inflation
C) Can stimulate economic activity and employment
D) Reduces competition

14. What is the concept of intergenerational equity in public finance?

A) Giving higher priority to the welfare of older generations.
B) Ensuring current generations do not burden future generations with excessive debt.
C) Encouraging wealth accumulation for future generations.
D) Tax breaks for young individuals.

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