- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Studying group behavior in social settings
B) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
C) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
D) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Jean Piaget
C) Carl Jung
D) Erik Erikson
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) John Locke
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) David Hume
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) Leon Festinger
B) Herbert Simon
C) Albert Bandura
D) B.F. Skinner
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Erik Erikson
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Sigmund Freud
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Observable behavior
B) Humanistic potential
C) Unconscious desires
D) Personal growth
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Carl Rogers
D) Sigmund Freud
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Cognitive psychology
C) Behaviorism
D) Humanistic psychology
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Physical, mental, and emotional health
B) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
C) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
D) Biological, psychological, and social factors
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) John Bowlby
- 11. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Unconscious motivations and desires
B) Observable behaviors and stimuli
C) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
D) Human potential and personal growth
- 12. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
B) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
C) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
D) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
- 13. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) John Watson
C) William James
D) Sigmund Freud
- 14. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Behavioral responses to stimuli
B) Physical movement of the body
C) Biological functions of the brain
D) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
- 15. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Operant conditioning
B) Selective attention
C) Social learning
D) Confirmation bias
- 16. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Superego
B) Ego
C) Id
D) Conscious mind
- 17. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Displacement
B) Denial
C) Projection
D) Regression
- 18. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Carl Rogers
B) Jean Piaget
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Erik Erikson
- 19. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) Erik Erikson
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Albert Bandura
- 20. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Imagery
B) Memory
C) Perception
D) Attention
- 21. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) Facial feedback hypothesis
B) James-Lange theory
C) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
D) Cannon-Bard theory
- 22. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Erik Erikson
D) John Watson
- 23. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Hindsight bias
C) Self-serving bias
D) False consensus effect
- 24. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B) Depression
C) Phobia
D) Schizophrenia
- 25. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Algorithms
B) Cognitive schemas
C) Heuristics
D) Confirmation bias
- 26. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Learning
B) Memory
C) Cognition
D) Perception
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