Exit, Voice, And Loyalty by Albert Hirschman

1. What are the three main concepts introduced by Hirschman in his book?

A) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
B) Feedback, Response, and Choice
C) Choice, Demand, and Supply
D) Protest, Opinion, and Action

2. What does 'Exit' refer to in Hirschman's framework?

A) Expressing dissatisfaction
B) Leaving or withdrawing from an organization or situation
C) Joining a new organization
D) Taking control of a situation

3. What does 'Voice' signify in Hirschman's theory?

A) Ignoring the issues at hand
B) Reorganizing an organization
C) Expressing dissatisfaction to improve a situation
D) Choosing to leave a situation

4. What role does 'Loyalty' play in Hirschman's framework?

A) Encourages individuals to use Voice rather than Exit
B) Advocating for complete withdrawal
C) Forming coalitions with others
D) Developing new models of leadership

5. In which year was 'Exit, Voice, and Loyalty' published?

A) 1980
B) 1965
C) 1970
D) 1990

6. Why might someone choose Exit over Voice?

A) Trust in the current leadership
B) Desire to engage in dialogue
C) Goal to improve conditions
D) Belief that change is unlikely

7. A central theme of Hirschman’s work is the balance between which two actions?

A) Investment and Withdrawal
B) Action and Inaction
C) Exit and Voice
D) Leadership and Followership

8. According to Hirschman, which factor might reduce the likelihood of Exit?

A) Desire for change
B) Frustration with leadership
C) Negative experiences
D) Strong loyalty to an organization

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