Netwo1 Midterm- Reviewer TwT

1. This refers to the process of sending and receiving digital or analog data between devices over a network.

A) OSI Layer
B) e Communication Protocols
C) Data transmission
D) TCP/IP Models

2. Why Are Communication Protocols Important?. Except

A) Define rules for data exchange.
B) Increase network speed regardless of hardware limitations.
C) Enable interoperability between different network devices.
D) Ensure data integrity, security, and proper sequencing.

3. This is the process of adding headers (and sometimes trailers) to data as it moves down the OSI/TCP-IP layers.

A) Encapsulation
B) De-Encapsulation

4. TCP/IP model has how many layers?

A) seven layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Network Access)
B) four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Presentation)
C) four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access)
D) seven layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical)

5. Happens at the receiving end, where headers and trailers are stripped off at each layer

A) De-Encapsulation
B) Encapsulation

6. This resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
C) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
D) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
E) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

7. How does ARP work — except which one?

A) If not, it sends an ARP Request to all devices in the network.
B) A computer needs to send data to another device in the local network.
C) The destination device responds with an ARP Reply, providing its MAC address.
D) It checks its ARP cache to see if it already knows the MAC address.
E) The ARP Request is sent only to the destination device using unicast.

8. Which of the following is a security issue with ARP?

A) ARP Spoofing
B) Static ARP Entries
C) Dynamic ARP Inspection
D) ARP filtering

9. This is used for sending error messages and network diagnostics

A) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
B) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
D) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
E) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

10. This determines how data packets travel from source to destination.

A) ICMP
B) Routing
C) ARP
D) DNS

11. Which of the following is an example of a common ICMP message?

A) GET Request
B) Handshake
C) Query
D) Echo Request and Echo Reply

12. Manually configured by administrators.

A) Dynamic Routing
B) Default Routing
C) Static Routing
D) Distance Vector Routing

13. Uses protocols like RIP, OSPF, BGP.

A) Static Routing
B) Dynamic Routing
C) Manual Routing
D) Default Routing

14. Uses hop count to determine the best route. Best for small networks. Updates every 30 seconds, but slow convergence.

A) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
B) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
C) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

15. Uses link-state information to find the fastest path. Best for medium to large networks. Faster and more efficient than RIP.

A) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
B) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

16. Used on the Internet between ISPs. Controls traffic between different networks worldwide

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

17. This is used when a destination is outside the local network.

A) Default gateway
B) Dynamic gateway
C) Static gateway

18. A home router connects devices in 192.168.1.0/24 to the internet using a default gateway (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

A) Dynamic gateway
B) Static gateway
C) Default gateway

19. These are unique numerical identifiers assigned to devices in a network to enable communication.

A) Port Numbers
B) MAC Addresses
C) Subnet Masks
D) IP addresses

20. Which of the following correctly describes the two main types of IP addresses used in networking?

A) MAC and Broadcast
B) TCP and UDP
C) IPv4 and IPv6
D) Static and Dynamic

21. A user sends an email. The message is encapsulated at the sender's computer, transmitted over the network, and de-encapsulated at the recipient's computer.

A) De-Encapsulation
B) Encapsulation

22. Which of the following best describes the structure of an IPv4 address?

A) 32-bit address divided into 4 octets separated by dots (.)
B) 64-bit binary address used only in private networks
C) 128-bit hexadecimal address separated by colons
D) 16-bit address divided into 2 bytes separated by colons (:)

23. Which of the following IPv4 address classes is used for multicast groups?

A) Class A (1–126)
B) Class E (240–255)
C) Class D (224–239)
D) Class B (128–191)
E) Class C (192–223)

24. Which IPv4 address class supports very large networks such as ISPs and uses a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0?

A) Class C (192–223)
B) Class D (224–239)
C) Class E (240–255)
D) Class A (1–126)
E) Class B (128–191)

25. Which IPv4 address class is typically used by medium-sized organizations like universities and uses the subnet mask 255.255.0.0?

A) Class E (240–255)
B) Class A (1–126)
C) Class C (192–223)
D) Class D (224–239)
E) Class B (128–191)

26. Which class of IPv4 addresses is designed for small networks (e.g., home or office LANs) and uses a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?

A) Class A (1–126)
B) Class D (224–239)
C) Class E (240–255)
D) Class B (128–191)
E) Class C (192–223)

27. Which IPv4 address class is reserved for experimental purposes and is not used for general network communication?

A) Class E (240–255)
B) Class B (128–191)
C) Class C (192–223)
D) Class E (240–255)
E) Class A (1–126)

28. Used in internal networks (cannot be routed on the internet)

A) Loopback Address
B) Subnet Mask
C) Public IPs
D) Private IPs

29. This divides a larger network into smaller subnets to improve efficiency, security, and network performance.

A) Bridging
B) Switching
C) Subnetting
D) Routing

30. What determines the network and host portions of an IP address?

A) Subnet Mask
B) MAC Address
C) Default Gateway
D) DNS Server

31. 255.255.255.0 (CIDR: /24) means the first 3 octets represent the network, and the last octet is for hosts.

A) Default Gateway
B) DNS Server
C) MAC Address
D) Subnet Mask

32. Which subnetting technique allows for different subnet sizes within the same network to optimize IP address usage?

A) DHCP
B) CIDR
C) NAT
D) VLSM

33. What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.0)?

A) /32 or 255.255.255.255
B) /24 or 255.255.255.0
C) /8 or 255.0.0.0
D) /16 or 255.255.0.0

34. If the subnet mask is /26, how many bits have been borrowed from the host portion of the address?

A) 4 bits
B) 6 bits
C) 2 bits
D) 8 bits

35. If a network uses a /26 subnet mask, how many bits are used for the network portion and how many bits are left for the host portion?

A) 26 bits for the network, 6 bits for the host
B) 24 bits for the network, 8 bits for the host
C) 32 bits for the network, 0 bits for the host
D) 16 bits for the network, 16 bits for the host

36. How does IPv6 simplify the process of subnetting compared to IPv4?

A) By using larger subnet masks only
B) By using hierarchical addressing, eliminating the need for complex subnetting
C) By reducing the number of available subnets
D) By using only private IP addresses

37. Step 1 of subnetting a class C network

A) Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet
B) Identify the Number of Subnets
C) Find the Subnet Increments
D) List the Subnets and Ranges

38. Last Step of subnetting a class C network

A) Identify the Number of Subnets
B) List the Subnets and Ranges
C) Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet
D) Find the Subnet Increments

39. What is the primary function of the subnet mask in an IP address?

A) It determines the network and host portions of an IP address.
B) It determines the port number for network services.
C) It defines the gateway IP address.
D) It defines the MAC address of the device.

40. If the subnet mask is 255.255.255.224, what is the corresponding CIDR notation?

A) /25
B) /26
C) /27
D) /24

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