- 1. In the mid-20th century, Portugal was gripped by a long-standing dictatorship that stifled political dissent and civil liberties, characterized by the oppressive regime of Estado Novo, which led the country into isolation and economic stagnation. However, in a pivotal moment of modern history, a military coup, known as the Carnation Revolution, occurred on April 25, 1974, marking a turning point for Portuguese democracy. The revolt was largely bloodless, symbolized by the red carnations that protesters placed in the gun barrels of soldiers, leading to the overthrow of the authoritarian regime. Amid this transformative upheaval, António de Spinola emerged as a key figure; a former military officer and diplomat, he became a prominent leader in the movement advocating for democratic reforms. Shortly after the coup, he was appointed as the President of the National Salvation Junta and later assumed the presidency of the provisional government. His leadership was instrumental in guiding Portugal through the tumultuous transition from dictatorship to democracy, as he emphasized the importance of national unity, civil liberties, and the need for a parliamentary system. This era under Spinola opened the doors for a new constitution, political pluralism, and ultimately the establishment of a democratic state, profoundly reshaping Portugal's political landscape and illustrating the power of grassroots movements to effect change.
When did Portugal overthrow the dictatorship?
A) 1982
B) 1974
C) 1990
D) 1968
- 2. Who succeeded António de Spinola as President of Portugal following the overthrow of the dictatorship?
A) Jorge Sampaio
B) Francisco da Costa Gomes
C) José Manuel Barroso
D) Aníbal Cavaco Silva
- 3. What color flower symbolized the peaceful nature of the Carnation Revolution in Portugal?
A) Pink
B) Yellow
C) Red
D) White
- 4. Which European country supported the overthrow of the dictatorship in Portugal?
A) Switzerland
B) Germany
C) Austria
D) France
- 5. Which African country's independence was influenced by the events in Portugal during the overthrow of the dictatorship?
A) Angola
B) Egypt
C) Nigeria
D) Kenya
- 6. Which country closely monitored the developments in Portugal during the overthrow of the dictatorship due to its own political situation?
A) Greece
B) Czechoslovakia
C) Sweden
D) Spain
- 7. Who was the leader of the Communist Party of Portugal during the overthrow of the dictatorship?
A) Álvaro Cunhal
B) António Guterres
C) Pedro Passos Coelho
D) Jorge Sampaio
- 8. What was the role of women during the Carnation Revolution in Portugal?
A) Supporting the dictatorship
B) Active participation in protests
C) Seeking international aid
D) Boycotting elections
- 9. Which form of government did Portugal overthrow in 1974?
A) Anarchy
B) Socialist
C) Monarchy
D) Dictatorship
- 10. What was the name of the movement that led the overthrow of dictatorship in Portugal?
A) Black Orchid Uprising
B) Silver Rose Uprising
C) Carnation Revolution
D) Golden Lily Rebellion
- 11. What was the role of António de Spinola before becoming President of Portugal?
A) Engineer
B) Banker
C) Military Officer
D) Teacher
- 12. What was the capital of Portugal during the overthrow of dictatorship?
A) Lisbon
B) Rome
C) Barcelona
D) Madrid
- 13. Which historical figure is associated with the Age of Discoveries in Portuguese history?
A) William Wallace
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) Joan of Arc
D) Prince Henry the Navigator
- 14. Which river runs through the city of Porto in Portugal?
A) Douro
B) Thames
C) Seine
D) Danube
- 15. What is the traditional Portuguese folk music called?
A) Flamenco
B) Fado
C) Tango
D) Samba
- 16. Which ocean borders Portugal to the west?
A) Arctic
B) Atlantic
C) Pacific
D) Indian
- 17. Which Portuguese explorer is credited with the first circumnavigation of the globe?
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Amerigo Vespucci
C) Vasco da Gama
D) Ferdinand Magellan
- 18. What is the currency of Portugal?
A) Yen
B) Pound
C) Euro
D) Dollar
- 19. Who is the famous Portuguese footballer known as 'CR7'?
A) Eusébio
B) Rui Costa
C) Cristiano Ronaldo
D) Luis Figo
- 20. Which Portuguese island group is known for its lush green landscape and volcanic activity?
A) Seychelles
B) Balearic Islands
C) Canary Islands
D) Azores
- 21. In what year did Portugal join the European Union?
A) 2004
B) 1995
C) 1986
D) 1973
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