- 1. Who developed the Closed-Loop Theory?
A) Adams
B) Gentile
C) Fitts
D) Schmidt
- 2. What is the primary focus of Closed-Loop Theory?
A) Genetic predisposition to skills
B) Speed and agility training
C) Stages of physical growth
D) Motor learning through feedback
- 3. Which type of movements is the theory primarily based on?
A) Fast and ballistic movements
B) Reflexive movements
C) Slow, controlled movements
D) Explosive power movements
- 4. In the Closed-Loop process, what does the body compare against the desired movement?
A) Current movement
B) Future goals
C) Muscle strength
D) Previous movements
- 5. What term refers to the memory reference of the correct movement stored in the brain?
A) Schema
B) Motor program
C) Feedback loop
D) Perceptual trace
- 6. How is the perceptual trace primarily built?
A) Through repeated practice and experiences
B) Through observation only
C) Through reading instructions
D) Through genetic inheritance
- 7. What does KR stand for in motor learning?
A) Kinesthetic Response
B) Knowledge of Reaction
C) Knowledge of Results
D) Kinetic Reflex
- 8. According to the theory, how do learners act during the learning process?
A) Unaware of their performance
B) Passive recipients of information
C) Active participants who analyze and strategize
D) Solely dependent on the instructor
- 9. In the early stages of learning, what do learners rely heavily on?
A) Muscle memory
B) External feedback / KR
C) Instinct
D) Internal senses only
- 10. As practice increases and learning improves, what happens to the distribution of performance?
A) It becomes more scattered
B) It becomes more focused and peaks at the correct movement
C) It becomes random
D) It remains exactly the same
- 11. Closed-Loop Theory was developed in the year 1971.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 12. The theory suggests that principles of learning apply differently depending on the type of movement.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 13. Errors are only detected after the movement is fully completed, not during the action.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 14. Feedback plays a critical role as it leaves a "trace" in the nervous system.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 15. Knowledge of Results (KR) tells the learner exactly which muscles to contract.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 16. Learners form strategies or hypotheses as they analyze their performance feedback.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 17. According to the theory, learning happens directly just by receiving Knowledge of Results (KR).
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 18. Each trial or repetition strengthens the perceptual trace.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 19. As skill improves, performance becomes more consistent and errors decrease.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 20. The theory states that learning leads to precision and stability in movement.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
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