The Russian Civil War - Exam
  • 1. What event significantly started the Russian Civil War?
A) Assassination of the Tsar
B) World War I
C) February Revolution
D) October Revolution
  • 2. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
A) Joseph Stalin
B) Nikolai Bukharin
C) Leon Trotsky
D) Vladimir Lenin
  • 3. Which document did the Bolsheviks sign to exit World War I?
A) Treaty of Versailles
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
C) Treaty of Trianon
D) Treaty of Yalta
  • 4. What was the Red Terror?
A) A campaign of political repression
B) A military strategy
C) A diplomatic initiative
D) A peace agreement
  • 5. What was the fate of Tsar Nicholas II during the Civil War?
A) Executed
B) Exiled
C) Released
D) Captured but escaped
  • 6. What was the main reason for the discontent in the White Army?
A) Overpopulation in cities
B) Too much support from the Allies
C) Lack of unity and leadership
D) Excessive Bolshevik propaganda
  • 7. Who was the leader of the White forces?
A) Joseph Stalin
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) General Anton Denikin
  • 8. What type of government was established by the Bolsheviks after the war?
A) Monarchy
B) Democracy
C) Soviet Republic
D) Fascist State
  • 9. Who led the White movement during the Russian Civil War?
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Alexander Kolchak
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Leon Trotsky
  • 10. What was the estimated range of casualties during the Russian Civil War?
A) 5 to 8 million
B) 1 to 3 million
C) 15 to 20 million
D) 7 to 12 million
  • 11. What was one consequence for non-Russian ethnic groups following the Russian Civil War?
A) They formed a unified front against the Bolsheviks
B) They supported the White Army in large numbers
C) They were all integrated into Soviet Russia without resistance
D) Many pushed for national independence during the disarray
  • 12. Which foreign states intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War?
A) Thirteen foreign states, notably the Allied intervention
B) No foreign states intervened
C) Only the Central Powers
D) Only Germany and Austria-Hungary
  • 13. Who abdicated as Emperor of Russia in 1917?
A) Emperor Nicholas II
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Lavr Kornilov
D) Alexander Kerensky
  • 14. What was the name of the government established after the February Revolution?
A) Russian Provisional Government
B) Socialist Revolutionary Government
C) Soviet Government
D) Bolshevik Government
  • 15. Which party dissolved the Constituent Assembly?
A) The Kadets
B) The Bolsheviks
C) The Mensheviks
D) The Socialist Revolutionaries
  • 16. Who was responsible for reorganizing the Red Guards into the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army?
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Nikolai Avksentiev
C) Leon Trotsky
D) Joseph Stalin
  • 17. What percentage of Red Army divisional and corps commanders were ex-Tsarist soldiers by the end of the civil war?
A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 95%
D) 83%
  • 18. Which political party won the majority of seats in the Russian Constituent Assembly elections held after the October Revolution?
A) Bolshevik Party
B) Anti-Bolshevik Right SRs
C) Left SRs
D) Kadet Party
  • 19. Who was elected president of the Constituent Assembly on 18 January 1918?
A) Viktor Chernov
B) Nikolai Avksentiev
C) Maria Spiridonova
D) Leon Trotsky
  • 20. What happened to the Constituent Assembly after it was disbanded by the Bolsheviks?
A) Russia became a one-party state with all opposition parties outlawed in 1921
B) It merged with the soviets
C) It continued to function under Soviet supervision
D) It was re-elected
  • 21. What significant event occurred on 1 May 1918 involving anarchists and Bolshevik police?
A) A peaceful demonstration
B) A pitched battle took place in Moscow
C) An economic summit
D) A cultural festival
  • 22. Which political party recognized the Union's leading role on 7 May 1918?
A) The Socialist Revolutionary Party
B) The Menshevik Party
C) The Kadet Party
D) The Bolshevik Party
  • 23. Where did the Social Revolutionary Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia come to power?
A) Samara
B) Siberia
C) Vladivostok
D) Moscow
  • 24. What was the main Russian military and political force opposing the Bolsheviks called?
A) The Socialist Revolutionary Party
B) The Union of Regeneration
C) The White movement or Whites
D) The Red Army
  • 25. What was a common trait of the White movement?
A) Communism
B) Socialism
C) Nationalism
D) Anarchism
  • 26. What was a primary reason for Western Allies supporting the Whites during the Russian Civil War?
A) They were worried about a possible Russo-German alliance.
B) They wanted to establish colonies in Russia.
C) They aimed to support democratic reforms in Russia.
D) They sought revenge against Bolshevik leaders.
  • 27. What was the potential consequence of Bolshevik control over Imperial Russia's foreign debts?
A) Increasing payments to Allied countries.
B) Creating a new currency system independent of foreign influence.
C) Refinancing them with Western banks.
D) Defaulting on those massive debts.
  • 28. Which republic was the first to declare its independence from Russia?
A) Lithuania.
B) Poland.
C) Estonia.
D) Finland.
  • 29. What was the character of the Bolsheviks' banning of parties compared to later bans under Stalin?
A) It was more repressive than later bans.
B) It was identical to later bans.
C) It did not have the same repressive character as later bans enforced under the Stalinist regime.
D) It had no impact on political opposition.
  • 30. Who was appointed in December 1917 to root out counter-revolutionary threats to the Soviet government?
A) Leon Trotsky
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Felix Dzerzhinsky
  • 31. What organization did Felix Dzerzhinsky direct as its first leader?
A) NKVD
B) OGPU
C) The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (Cheka)
D) The KGB
  • 32. Which group did the Bolsheviks begin to see as a legitimate threat in 1917?
A) Anarchists
B) Narodniks
C) Social Democrats
D) Mensheviks
  • 33. When did the Bolsheviks start physically eliminating opposition?
A) Early 1918
B) Early 1920
C) Mid-1919
D) Late 1917
  • 34. Who assassinated Moisey Uritsky in 1918?
A) Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko
B) Grigory Zinoviev
C) Leonid Kannegisser
D) Fanny Kaplan
  • 35. Who ordered Fanny Kaplan's execution?
A) Felix Dzerzhinsky
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) Yakov Sverdlov
  • 36. When did the Red Terror officially begin?
A) Between 17–30 August 1918
B) In early 1920
C) Following the Kronstadt Rebellion
D) After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
  • 37. What is the broader term for Bolshevik political repression during the Civil War?
A) The October Revolution
B) The Red Terror
C) The Kronstadt Rebellion
D) The White Terror
  • 38. Where were Wrangel's troops evacuated to in November 1920?
A) Constantinople
B) Berlin
C) London
D) Paris
  • 39. Who became Denikin's Chief of Staff?
A) Stankevich
B) Vladimir Liakhov
C) Pyotr Wrangel
D) de Bode
  • 40. Which novel by Boris Pasternak was published in 1957?
A) Conquered City
B) The Red Wheel
C) Chevengur
D) Doctor Zhivago
  • 41. Which city did Col. Kappel's White detachment capture on 7 August?
A) Samara
B) Ufa
C) Kazan
D) Omsk
  • 42. Who captured Voronezh on 24 October during the Voronezh-Kastornoye operation?
A) Pyotr Wrangel
B) Semyon Budyonny
C) Anton Denikin
D) Vladimir Sidorin
  • 43. What was proclaimed as the new government of Russia after the Bolsheviks dissolved the Russian Constituent Assembly in January 1918?
A) The Soviets (workers' councils)
B) The Provisional Government
C) The Volunteer Army
D) The White Guards
  • 44. Which author wrote 'An Evening with Claire', a work by a White émigré?
A) William Gerhardie
B) M. Ageyev
C) Gaito Gazdanov
D) Marguerite Yourcenar
  • 45. What were Professor Charles Saroléa's estimates of deaths from Bolshevik policies?
A) 200,000 deaths
B) 1,766,188 deaths
C) 50,000 deaths
D) 100,000 deaths
  • 46. What percentage of wages were paid with goods rather than money during the Russian Civil War?
A) 70%
B) 50%
C) 90%
D) 80%
  • 47. Which Western author wrote 'Fall of Giants', a novel related to the Russian Civil War?
A) Derek Robinson
B) Ken Follett
C) Vladimir Sorokin
D) Michael Moorcock
  • 48. Which author wrote 'Chapayev', a work popular among Socialist realism writers?
A) Mikhail Bulgakov
B) Dmitri Furmanov
C) Isaac Babel
D) Aleksandr Fadeyev
  • 49. Which city did the Reds reach on 6 January, marking their advance to the Black Sea?
A) Sevastopol
B) Odessa
C) Mariupol
D) Taganrog
  • 50. What was a major cause of death among the Russian population during and after the Civil War?
A) Airplane crashes
B) Widespread starvation
C) Earthquakes
D) Industrial accidents
  • 51. Which city did the Volunteer Army capture on 16 August during their Second Kuban campaign?
A) Kuban
B) Poti
C) Baku
D) Yekaterinodar
  • 52. Which city did the Red 5th Army capture on 26 May 1919?
A) Sarapul
B) Elabuga
C) Ufa
D) Izevsk
  • 53. When did Denikin become the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of South Russia?
A) 13 April 1918
B) 26 July 1918
C) 8 October 1918
D) 8 January 1919
  • 54. Who was the Bolshevik commander leading the Soviet Russian counteroffensive in South Russia in January 1919?
A) Joseph Stalin
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) Antonov-Ovseenko
  • 55. On what date did the Military Revolutionary Committee in Rostov rebel, marking a significant event at the start of the Civil War?
A) 25 October 1917
B) 15 November 1917
C) 5 January 1918
D) 9 December 1917
  • 56. Where did General Mikhail Alekseev begin to organize the Volunteer Army in November 1917?
A) Kiev
B) Moscow
C) Petrograd
D) Novocherkassk
  • 57. Who published a detailed account on the Red Terror in Russia in 1924?
A) Jonathan D. Smele
B) Robert Conquest
C) Vadim Erlikhman
D) Sergei Melgunov
  • 58. Which city did the White armies capture on 24 December 1918?
A) Ufa
B) Kazan
C) Perm
D) Omsk
  • 59. Who commanded two thousand troops in Crimea?
A) Stankevich
B) Vladimir May-Mayevsky
C) de Bode
D) Pyotr Krasnov
  • 60. Who succeeded Admiral Kolchak as the leader of the White Army in Siberia?
A) Victor Pepelyaev
B) Anatoly Pepelyayev
C) Japanese General
D) Gen. Grigory Semyonov
  • 61. What was the Bolsheviks' policy that sparked violent resistance in 1918?
A) Military conscription
B) Collectivization
C) Food dictatorship
D) Land redistribution
  • 62. What policy did Leon Trotsky follow during peace talks?
A) Seeking support from Western socialists.
B) "No war, no peace"
C) Continued military engagement with Germany.
D) Immediate signing of the treaty.
  • 63. What city did the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (Komuch) establish in May 1918?
A) Omsk
B) Kazan
C) Samara
D) Ufa
  • 64. What was the Orenburg Army's retreat during winter 1919–20 known as?
A) Starving March
B) Great Retreat
C) Cossack Flight
D) Northern Exodus
  • 65. How many people were shot by the verdicts of tribunals from 1918 to 1921 according to Nikolay Zayats?
A) 37,300 people
B) 14,200 people
C) 50,000 people
D) 100,000 people
  • 66. Who led the Red 5th Army during their counteroffensive against Kolchak's forces?
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Tukhachevsky
C) Semyon Budyonny
D) Antonov-Ovseenko
  • 67. What was the fate of most Ural Cossacks who headed south during winter 1920?
A) Only a few hundred reached Persia by June 1920
B) All reached Fort Alexandrovsk safely
C) They were captured by the Red Army
D) They successfully established a new settlement in Persia
  • 68. Who captured Riga from the Red Latvian Riflemen on 22 May 1919?
A) Baltic German volunteers
B) General Yudenich's army
C) The Red Army
D) The Estonian 3rd Division
  • 69. Which anarchist leader's forces consolidated power in Ukraine after a mass defection?
A) Alexander Berkman
B) Nestor Makhno
C) Peter Kropotkin
D) Emma Goldman
  • 70. What is the title of Nikolai Ostrovsky's novel that became a well-known example in Socialist realism?
A) How the Steel Was Tempered
B) Red Cavalry
C) The Road to Calvary
D) Doctor Zhivago
  • 71. Which mission failed to gain control of Tashkent, Bukhara, and Khiva?
A) The Dunsterville Mission
B) The Malleson Mission
C) The Baile Mission
D) The Yudenich Mission
  • 72. Who mostly made up the Turkestan Committee set up by the Provisional Government in April 1917?
A) Bolshevik leaders
B) Provisional Government members
C) Local Cossack armies
D) Former Tsarist officials
  • 73. Which division defeated the Baltic Germans a month after they captured Riga?
A) The Latvian Riflemen
B) General Yudenich's army
C) The Estonian 3rd Division
D) British forces
  • 74. Who were targeted in pogroms in Ukraine and southern Russia?
A) Cossacks
B) Jews
C) White Army soldiers
D) Bolsheviks
  • 75. By what percentage had heavy industry output fallen by 1921 compared to 1913 levels?
A) 50%
B) 30%
C) 10%
D) 20%
  • 76. Which policy introduced by Lenin was a concession due to revolts against grain requisitioning?
A) Peasant Land Reform
B) New Economic Policy
C) War Communism
D) Grain Redistribution Program
  • 77. Who was the Cossack General that refused to recognize the Bolshevik Revolution in March 1917?
A) Alexander Kolchak
B) Nikolai Yudenich
C) Anton Denikin
D) Alexey Kaledin
  • 78. Which region did the British government withdraw its military forces from by February 1919?
A) Ukraine
B) Kronstadt
C) European Russia
D) Central Asia
  • 79. Who evacuated the White forces from Northern Russia in February 1920?
A) Admiral Kolchak
B) General Denikin
C) Yevgeny Miller
D) Ataman Semenov
  • 80. Which Bolshevik strategy involved the Ninth and Tenth armies forming Shorin's Southeastern Front?
A) Lenin-Stalin strategy
B) Tukhachevsky-Dragomirov strategy
C) Kamenev-Budenny strategy
D) Trotsky-Vācietis strategy
  • 81. Which British military leader recorded a mission to Tashkent before being forced to flee by the Bolsheviks?
A) Major General Dunsterville
B) Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Marshman Baile
C) General Yudenich
D) General Wilfrid Malleson
  • 82. What was the total number of draft dodgers and deserters in 1919?
A) 837,000
B) 5 million
C) 98,000–132,000
D) 616
  • 83. Which country cleared its territory of the Red Army by January 1919?
A) Estonia
B) Latvia
C) Russia
D) Finland
  • 84. Under whose leadership did Soviet forces invade Ukraine and invest Kiev in January 1918?
A) Anton Denikin
B) General Mikhail Alekseev
C) Lavr Kornilov
D) Lt. Col. Muravyov
  • 85. How many locomotives needed repair during the Russian Civil War?
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%
  • 86. Who is the author of 'Red Cavalry', a work that diverged from Socialist realism?
A) Isaac Babel
B) Aleksandr Fadeyev
C) Mikhail Sholokhov
D) Dmitri Furmanov
  • 87. What was the autonomous government formed by Muslim elites in Turkestan called?
A) Turkestan Committee
B) Kokand autonomy
C) Central Council of Ukraine
D) Provisional Government
  • 88. What event helped the Bolsheviks capture Kiev on 26 January 1918?
A) The Junker Mutiny
B) The Kerensky-Krasnov uprising
C) The Kokand autonomy formation
D) The Kiev Arsenal Uprising
  • 89. Which city did May-Mayevsky evacuate during the Orel-Kursk operation in October 1919?
A) Orel
B) Voronezh
C) Kursk
D) Kharkov
  • 90. Which city did the first regional congress of the Russian Communist Party convene in June 1918?
A) Riga
B) Moscow
C) Tashkent
D) Petrograd
  • 91. Which city did the Red Army capture on 14 November 1919, marking a significant defeat for Admiral Kolchak?
A) Novonikolaevsk
B) Tomsk
C) Omsk
D) Krasnoyarsk
  • 92. Which British volunteer was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his actions during the Battle of Tsaritsyn?
A) Major Ewen Cameron Bruce
B) Lieutenant Colonel John Smith
C) General Edward Wilson
D) Captain Richard Brown
  • 93. Which operation led to the removal of the Bolsheviks from Ukraine by April 1918?
A) German-Austrian Operation Faustschlag
B) Second Kuban Campaign
C) Operation Ice March
D) Caucasus Expedition
  • 94. How many deserters were executed following Trotsky's measures in 1919?
A) 837,000
B) 132,000
C) 616
D) 98,000
Created with That Quiz — the site for test creation and grading in math and other subjects.