GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The conformity to duty
B) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
C) The individual's intentions
D) The will of God
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
B) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
C) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
D) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
B) A neutral element without moral significance
C) A necessary part of human dignity
D) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
B) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
C) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
D) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
B) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
C) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
D) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
B) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
C) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
D) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Certainty
B) Purity
C) Intensity
D) Propinquity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
B) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
C) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
D) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) The intention of lawmakers
B) Whether people approve of it
C) The fairness of the restriction
D) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
B) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
C) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
D) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) Rules created by religion
B) Traditions followed by society
C) Laws passed by the government
D) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It depends on personal beliefs
B) It changes with time and culture
C) It is universal and unchanging
D) It is only for religious people
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Reason
B) Instinct
C) Government authority
D) Emotion
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It focuses only on legal obedience
B) It promotes individual freedom above all
C) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
D) It rejects the idea of morality
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) Cicero
D) Socrates
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Cicero
B) Augustine
C) Aquinas
D) Kant
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Civil law
B) Human law
C) Political law
D) Eternal law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) The rules written in the Bible
B) Laws made by the state
C) Cultural customs
D) God's plan that governs all creation
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Constitution of a country
B) Moral conscience
C) Ten Commandments
D) Law of gravity
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Based on emotion and culture
B) More powerful than divine law
C) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
D) Still valid and must be obeyed
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It encourages moral relativism
B) It focuses only on government control
C) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
D) It rejects moral obligations
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Online respect for others' dignity
B) Sports competitions
C) Weather forecasting
D) Fashion trends
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) The Bible
B) National Tax Code
C) Local traffic ordinance
D) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
B) It is a religious offense
C) It is unpopular
D) It is punishable by law
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It denies the importance of ethics
B) It ignores human reason
C) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
D) It supports cultural diversity
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must serve the common good
B) It must be approved by everyone
C) It must be easy to follow
D) It must favor the powerful
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It encourages selfishness
B) It rejects logic and reason
C) It bases morality on universal human reason.
D) It changes according to culture
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Fashion trends
B) Climate change and environmental protection
C) Sports results
D) Movie preferences
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
B) Acceptable if it helps the rich
C) Just and should be obeyed
D) Neutral
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
B) It erases human dignity
C) It replaces human laws
D) It removes the need for morality
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Kant/Cicero
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Aristotle/Cicero
D) Augustine/Kant
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Aristotle
B) Cicero
C) Socrates
D) St. Thomas Aquinas
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Human law
B) Natural law
C) Unchanging/immutable inherent
D) Moral law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Moral law
B) Eternal law
C) Divine law
D) Natural law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Duration
B) Intensity
C) Fecundity
D) Propinquity
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Purity
B) Duration
C) Extent
D) Certainly
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Purity
B) Fecundity
C) Intensity
D) Propinquity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Duration
B) Purity
C) Fecundity
D) Certainly
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Intensity
B) Purity
C) Duration
D) Propinquity
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Extent
B) Intensity
C) Duration
D) Certainly
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