Bulgaria liberated from Turkish rule by Russia
  • 1. Bulgaria, a nation rich in history and cultural heritage, experienced a profound transformation during the late 19th century when it was liberated from nearly five centuries of oppressive Ottoman rule, primarily due to the intervention of Russia. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 became a pivotal chapter in Bulgarian history, as Russian troops, motivated by both pan-Slavism and the desire to curb Ottoman influence in the Balkans, sought to liberate the Bulgarian people. The war was marked by fierce battles, heroic acts of resistance, and significant sacrifices made by both Russian soldiers and Bulgarian volunteers, known as the 'Shipka Volunteers.' As the Russian army advanced through the Balkan mountains and reclaimed territories long subjugated, the Bulgarian dream of national revival surged to the forefront of the national consciousness. The eventual victory of the Russian forces culminated in the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano, which promised the establishment of a large, autonomous Bulgaria, igniting a wave of national pride among Bulgarians. However, the resultant geopolitical tensions led to the subsequent Berlin Treaty, which curtailed these ambitions and divided the Bulgarian territories, impacting its national aspirations. Nonetheless, the liberation from Turkish rule is celebrated in Bulgaria as a significant moment of rebirth, achieving not only freedom but also laying the groundwork for the revival of Bulgarian culture, language, and political independence in the years to come.

    Which country assisted Bulgaria in gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire?
A) England
B) Germany
C) Russia
D) France
  • 2. Who was the ruler of Russia during Bulgaria's liberation?
A) Nicholas I
B) Alexander III
C) Alexander II
D) Nicholas II
  • 3. In which war did the liberation of Bulgaria take place?
A) Crimean War
B) World War I
C) Russo-Turkish War
D) Napoleonic Wars
  • 4. Who was the Bulgarian national hero who played a key role in the liberation movement?
A) Stefan Stambolov
B) Georgi Rakovski
C) Vasil Levski
D) Hristo Botev
  • 5. Who was the Bulgarian tsar proclaimed in 1879, one year after independence?
A) Boris III
B) Simeon II
C) Alexander I
D) Ferdinand I
  • 6. Who served as the first prime minister of Bulgaria after independence?
A) Petko Karavelov
B) Stefan Stambolov
C) Todor Burmov
D) Alexander Malinov
  • 7. What was the name of the treaty that initially recognized Bulgaria's independence?
A) Treaty of Berlin
B) Treaty of Vienna
C) Treaty of Paris
D) Treaty of Madrid
  • 8. What system of government did Bulgaria adopt after gaining independence?
A) Constitutional Monarchy
B) Absolute Monarchy
C) Republic
D) Dictatorship
  • 9. What was the name of the Bulgarian ruler who declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908?
A) Simeon II
B) Alexander I
C) Ferdinand I
D) Boris III
  • 10. When did the Congress of Berlin take place that addressed the Bulgarian issue?
A) 1878
B) 1856
C) 1905
D) 1942
  • 11. What was the old capital of Bulgaria before it was moved to Sofia?
A) Nessebar
B) Varna
C) Veliko Tarnovo
D) Plovdiv
  • 12. What was the name of the national holiday of Bulgaria commemorating independence?
A) Independence Day
B) Victory Day
C) Unity Day
D) Liberation Day
  • 13. Which Western power played a major role in supporting Russia during the Russo-Turkish War?
A) Austria
B) Prussia
C) France
D) Great Britain
  • 14. Which city hosted the peace talks that ultimately recognized the independence of Bulgaria?
A) Moscow
B) Paris
C) Berlin
D) Vienna
  • 15. Which decisive battle led to the liberation of Bulgaria?
A) Battle of Austerlitz
B) Battle of Stalingrad
C) Battle of Waterloo
D) Shipka Pass
  • 16. What is the national anthem of Bulgaria, often associated with the liberation from Turkish rule?
A) La Marseillaise
B) Ode to Joy
C) God Save the Queen
D) Mila Rodino
  • 17. In what year did the Bulgarian principality proclaim its independence from the Ottoman Empire?
A) 1912
B) 1885
C) 1908
D) 1923
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