Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Conformity
B) Innovation
C) Rebellion
D) Retreatism

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Only social functions
B) Unintended and hidden consequences
C) Latent consequences only
D) Intended and recognized consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Strain
B) Dysfunction
C) Anarchy
D) Conflict

4. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Manifest and latent functions
B) Primary and secondary functions
C) Structural and individual functions
D) Normative and deviant functions

5. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Five
B) Three
C) Two
D) Four

6. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They accept cultural goals but reject means
B) They adhere to both goals and means
C) They reject both goals and means
D) They seek completely new goals

7. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
B) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
C) Ritualists create new goals and means
D) Ritualists are innovators

8. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Cultural artifacts
B) Individual personality
C) Government policies
D) The social structure

9. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Psychological factors
B) Biological instincts
C) Cultural norms
D) Social structure

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