Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Conformity
B) Retreatism
C) Rebellion
D) Innovation

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Only social functions
B) Latent consequences only
C) Intended and recognized consequences
D) Unintended and hidden consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Dysfunction
B) Strain
C) Anarchy
D) Conflict

4. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists are innovators
B) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
C) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
D) Ritualists create new goals and means

5. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Psychological factors
B) Social structure
C) Biological instincts
D) Cultural norms

6. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They adhere to both goals and means
B) They seek completely new goals
C) They reject both goals and means
D) They accept cultural goals but reject means

7. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Four
B) Two
C) Five
D) Three

8. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Individual personality
B) Government policies
C) Cultural artifacts
D) The social structure

9. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Primary and secondary functions
B) Manifest and latent functions
C) Structural and individual functions
D) Normative and deviant functions

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