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Adivasi - 测验
供稿人: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
B) Import and export trade services
C) Tourism and hospitality management
D) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Gold and precious stones
B) Advanced agricultural machinery
C) Salt and iron
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Land was turned into protected national parks
B) Migrants received free land for cultivation
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Tribes were forced into urban migration
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As land belonging exclusively to the state
B) As a common resource for whoever needed it
C) As a strictly inherited private asset
D) As a commodity to be sold for profit
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They moved away to find better jobs
B) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
C) The government seized all land by force
D) They were prohibited from farming their own land
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Government employment quotas
B) Educational scholarships
C) Land leases
D) Marriage alliances
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Decreased interest in tribal territories
B) Government-mandated restoration of land
C) Intense land pressure
D) A surge in tribal land ownership
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Loss through environmental disasters
C) Exchange for modern technology
D) Debt, bribery, or leases
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Convert to tribal religions
B) Marry into tribal families
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Lobby to be classified as tribal
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
C) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
D) It restores land directly to tribal elders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
B) Government administrative centers
C) State-run universities
D) Large-scale industrial factories
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Cotton or castor-oil plants
B) Wheat and rice
C) Oranges and bananas
D) Tea and coffee
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Full cancellation of tribal debts
B) Government intervention to pay off all debts
C) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
D) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Severe climate conditions
B) Extreme poverty in the region
C) Historically distinct political status and isolation
D) Lack of natural resources
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
B) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
C) A ban on all agricultural activities
D) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) Due to international humanitarian pressure
B) To preserve ancient tribal languages
C) To promote tourism in the region
D) As a strategy to secure the border with China
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Birsa Munda
C) Ramji Gond
D) Rani of Jhansi
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Halba rebellion
D) Bhumij rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Seven
B) Five
C) Ten
D) Three
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) Over 2000
C) Less than 100
D) More than 700
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Less than 20
B) More than 100
C) Exactly 50
D) Exactly 500
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Birsa Munda
D) Tatya Tope
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Romance
B) Slavic
C) Semitic
D) Austro-Asiatic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1856–57
B) 1776
C) 1910
D) 1817
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
C) Temsula Ao
D) Rabindranath Tagore
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Adilabad
B) Banswara
C) Khurda
D) Visakhapatnam district
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Odisha
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Maria rebellion
B) Kol rebellion
C) Koli revolt
D) Bhumkal
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Jantya Bhil
B) Bangaru Devi
C) Laxman Naik
D) Ramji Gond
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Arabic
B) Latin
C) Greek
D) Sino-Tibetan
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) A Gond Raja
B) Valmiki
C) Bharmal
D) Bada Meena
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 8.6%
B) 26.2%
C) 90%
D) 1.1%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Ethnic minority
C) Animist groups
D) Nomadic tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Munda
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Dravidian
D) Tibeto-Burman
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Hos
B) Bhils
C) Gonds
D) Santals
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Dravidian
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Sarnaist
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Sarnaism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Christianity
D) Animism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Mining
B) Nomadic herding
C) Tea workers
D) Rice farming
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 20%
B) Roughly 75%
C) Around 10%
D) More than 90%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Santals
B) Gonds
C) Khasi
D) Boyas/Valmikis
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Marma
B) Chakma
C) Khasi
D) Tripuri
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Beginning inhabitant
B) Forest dweller
C) Mountain people
D) Ancient ruler
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Janjati
B) Dravidian
C) Vanavāsi
D) Dalit
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Bangladesh
B) Sri Lanka
C) Nepal
D) Pakistan
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Ambedkar
B) Jaipal Singh Munda
C) Thakkar Bapa
D) Gandhi
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 342
C) Article 366 (25)
D) Article 169
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Tea-tribes
B) Dravidians
C) Vedda
D) Indo-Aryans
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) ILO Convention 107
C) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
D) ILO Convention 169
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) West Bengal
B) Kerala
C) Jharkhand
D) North East India
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Greek
B) Austroasiatic
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Zamindars
C) Foreign investors only
D) Adivasi elders
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1857
B) 1947
C) 1832
D) 1789
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Bhumij rebellion
B) Munda independence war
C) Santal hul
D) The Great Kol Uprising
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Internal migrations within India
B) Permanent migration to Europe
C) Return migration to their ancestral lands
D) Mass migration to the Americas
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The local tribal rajas
B) The British government
C) The Indian National Congress
D) The East India Company
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Indifferently
B) Negatively
C) Positively
D) Enthusiastically
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Hill and forest tribe
B) Tribal animist
C) Primitive tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Animist
B) Tribes
C) Forest tribe
D) Primitive tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Jharkhand
B) Lakshadweep
C) Madhya Pradesh
D) Odisha
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Persian
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Sanskrit
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Worship of Indo-European deities
B) Reincarnation of the soul
C) Monistic Vedic worship
D) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1911
B) 1931
C) 1941
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A formal name for a religion
B) A word used by indigenous people
C) A synonym for Hinduism
D) An anthropological construct
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) British period
B) Post-independence
C) 19th century
D) 14th century
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Spirit worship
B) Sacred grove
C) Sun-Moon
D) Holy woods
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Nicobar Islands
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Central-East India
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Digital archives
B) Written scriptures
C) Oral traditions
D) Formal schooling
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sun deity
B) Witch doctor
C) Holy animal
D) Sacred grove
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Central-East India
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Nilgiri hills
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Sunflower
B) Cactus
C) Rose
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Cobra
B) Tiger
C) Lion
D) Eagle
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Neem
B) Oak
C) Pine
D) Maple
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Hunter gatherer
B) Urban dwellers
C) Sedentary farmers
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Brahma Dharma
B) Shaivism
C) The Kallar Reform Movement
D) Vedic Ritualism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
D) Sant Kubera
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Water from a stream
B) Dried lotus flowers
C) Half-eaten ber fruit
D) Swine flesh
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Santal
B) Nishadha
C) Bodo
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Guru Brahma
D) Sant Kubera
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Lingaraja Temple
B) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
C) Brahma Dharma Temple
D) Indraprastha Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Hunter
B) Kallar (robber)
C) Fisherman
D) Temple priest
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 5,000
B) 20,000
C) 100,000
D) 10,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
D) Sant Dhudhalinath
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Equally civilised
C) Less civilised
D) More civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Constant warfare
C) Commercial trade agreements
D) Matrimonial relations
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 14
B) 3
C) 51
D) 632
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 500
B) 750
C) 632
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 8.5%
B) 29.6%
C) 40%
D) 59%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Tejgadh, Gujarat
B) Asansol, West Bengal
C) Kohima, Nagaland
D) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1999
B) 1991
C) 1961
D) 2011
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Mizos
B) Gonds
C) Khasis
D) Nagas
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Non-existent
B) Moderate
C) Very high
D) Very low
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 13.8%
C) 37%
D) 40.6%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Forest Protection Drive
B) Green Revolution
C) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
D) Salwa Judum
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By negotiating with tribal elders
B) By filing land ownership petitions
C) By bribing local officials
D) By signing government contracts
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Missionaries
B) Government bureaucrats
C) Foreign corporations
D) Local merchant guilds
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Assamese
B) Hindi
C) Sanskrit
D) English
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Western Ghats
B) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) The Thar Desert
D) The Red Corridor
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Bodo
B) Meena
C) Meiteis
D) Gujjar
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