Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) their masses are always equal.
B) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
C) their volumes are always equal.
D) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
B) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
C) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
D) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
B) spread evenly throughout an atom.
C) located in the space outside the nucleus.
D) concentrated in the center of an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) neutron
B) proton
C) electron
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
B) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
C) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
D) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the charge on the electrons
B) the mass of the neutron
C) the number of protons
D) the number of neutrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) atomic number
B) mass number
C) isotope
D) charge
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from electron number
B) atomic number from mass number
C) mass number from atomic number
D) isotope number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like beach balls on water waves.
B) like popcorn in a popper.
C) like balls rolling down a hill.
D) like planets orbiting the sun.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the number of electrons in an atom
B) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
C) the precise location of electrons in an atom
D) the mass of the electrons in the atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they form negative ions
B) they are usually gases
C) the are extremely nonreactive
D) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) amount of a substance
B) electric charge of a substance
C) volume of a substance
D) mass of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) mass number
B) atomic mass unit
C) atomic number
D) isotope number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
B) its atomic mass
C) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
D) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) their masses are identical
B) they do not have the same number of protons
C) They have the same mass number
D) They are isotopes of oxygen
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) row to row
B) column to column
C) element to element
D) group to group
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) helium, carbon, gold
B) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
C) iodine, iron, nickel
D) sodium, chromium, copper
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
B) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
C) the discovery of subatomic particles.
D) the discovery of the nucleus.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) none
B) four
C) three
D) two
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) stays the same
B) increases then decreases
C) increases
D) decreases
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) proton
B) neutron
C) chlorine-35 atom
D) carbon-12 atom
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) -2
B) +1
C) -1
D) 0
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 0
B) 1/18
C) 1
D) 1/1840
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) chemical properties
B) period
C) number of neutrons
D) mass
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) losing or gaining protons
B) changing from lithium into fluorine
C) changing from one period to another
D) losing or gaining electrons
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
B) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
C) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
D) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are rare in nature
B) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
C) they are highly reactive
D) they can form compounds with bright colors
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
B) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
C) do not form compounds
D) are extremely hard
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the bottom
B) in the middle
C) on the left
D) on the right
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one gram of a pure substance
B) one liter of a pure substance
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one kilogram of a pure substance.
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 35
B) 80
C) 79
D) 172
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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