A) An emotional response to stimuli.
B) A cognitive skill that enhances reasoning.
C) A type of psychological disorder.
D) A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.

A) Availability heuristic.
B) Confirmation bias.
C) Overconfidence bias.
D) Anchoring bias.

A) Overconfidence in one's initial predictions.
B) Underestimating future uncertainties.
C) Believing that an event was predictable after it has happened.
D) Being surprised by unpredicted outcomes.

A) Understanding that outcomes are independent.
B) Believing that past random events affect future outcomes.
C) Seeing patterns where none exist.
D) Relying solely on statistical evidence.

A) Minimize their own role in results.
B) Attribute successes to themselves and failures to external factors.
C) Take equal responsibility for successes and failures.
D) Blame others exclusively for their victories.

A) The belief that one can influence outcomes that are really beyond control.
B) Relying on evidence-based predictions.
C) A clear acknowledgment of randomness in events.
D) Feeling helpless in decision-making scenarios.

A) Relying on statistical data exclusively.
B) Assessing risks through careful analysis.
C) Calculating probabilities before acting.
D) Making decisions based on emotions rather than logic.

A) Survivorship bias.
B) Framing effect.
C) Confirmation bias.
D) Recency bias.

A) Improving accuracy through careful planning.
B) Underestimating the time required to complete a task.
C) Relying on past performance data to predict future tasks.
D) Overestimating costs in project planning.