A) An emotional response to stimuli.
B) A cognitive skill that enhances reasoning.
C) A type of psychological disorder.
D) A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.

A) Anchoring bias.
B) Availability heuristic.
C) Confirmation bias.
D) Overconfidence bias.

A) Overconfidence in one's initial predictions.
B) Underestimating future uncertainties.
C) Being surprised by unpredicted outcomes.
D) Believing that an event was predictable after it has happened.

A) Understanding that outcomes are independent.
B) Believing that past random events affect future outcomes.
C) Relying solely on statistical evidence.
D) Seeing patterns where none exist.

A) Relying on evidence-based predictions.
B) Feeling helpless in decision-making scenarios.
C) The belief that one can influence outcomes that are really beyond control.
D) A clear acknowledgment of randomness in events.

A) Assessing risks through careful analysis.
B) Making decisions based on emotions rather than logic.
C) Calculating probabilities before acting.
D) Relying on statistical data exclusively.

A) Underestimating the time required to complete a task.
B) Improving accuracy through careful planning.
C) Overestimating costs in project planning.
D) Relying on past performance data to predict future tasks.

A) Survivorship bias.
B) Framing effect.
C) Confirmation bias.
D) Recency bias.

A) Attribute successes to themselves and failures to external factors.
B) Take equal responsibility for successes and failures.
C) Minimize their own role in results.
D) Blame others exclusively for their victories.