G0 phase - Quiz
A) They increase cAMP production B) They begin fermentation C) They enter G0 D) They replicate exponentially
A) RAS-cAMP-PKA B) Bmh2 C) Sch9 D) TORC1
A) PKA promotes cell entry into G0 B) PKA inhibits Rim15 C) PKA is deactivated D) PKA activates Rim15
A) It prevents cell cycle arrest B) It degrades glucose C) It promotes cell entry into G0 D) It inhibits transcription factors
A) Cell cycle arrest B) Entry into G0 C) Cell proliferation D) Autophosphorylation of Rim15
A) Rim15 is inhibited B) cAMP production increases C) PKA is activated further D) cAMP production declines
A) It is degraded B) It is transported to the nucleus C) It is phosphorylated at Thr1075 D) It is anchored to Bmh2
A) Sch9 B) TORC1 C) Bmh2 D) PKA
A) It activates transcription factors B) It increases fermentation C) It binds to glucose D) It inhibits cellular respiration
A) Through autophosphorylation B) Through Bmh2 binding C) Through glucose depletion D) Through TORC1 activation
A) Cytoplasmic retention B) Nuclear entry C) Autophosphorylation D) Transcription factor activation
A) Thr1075 B) Ser500 C) Thr200 D) Tyr100
A) The PKA inhibition B) The nitrogen cycle C) The G0 phase D) The diauxic shift
A) They are inactivated B) They are activated C) They are exported to the nucleus D) They are phosphorylated
A) EZH1 B) FOXO3 C) Cyclin A2 D) Notch
A) Enhanced protein synthesis B) Low metabolic state C) Increased proliferation D) High metabolic state
A) p21 and p27 B) Cyclin A2 and B1 C) p53 and Rb D) FOXO3 and EZH1
A) H3K79me2 and H3K4me1 B) H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 C) H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 D) H4K20me1 and H3K9me2
A) p21 and p57 B) Notch and FOXO3 C) p53 and Rb D) Cyclin D1 and E2
A) Cyclin A2, B1, and E2 B) p21, p27, and p57 C) FOXO3, EZH1, and p53 D) p53, Rb, and Notch
A) Hedgehog signaling B) JAK-STAT signaling C) Wnt signaling D) Notch signaling
A) Phosphorylation of Rb B) Maintenance of G0 C) Downregulation of p53 D) Degradation of p27
A) FOXO3 and EZH1 B) p21 and p57 C) Notch and Rb D) Cyclin B1 and survivin
A) Heart, lung, and kidney B) Blood, bone, and adipose C) Neurons, skin, and liver D) Hematopoietic, muscle, and hair follicle
A) Prevent exhaustion of the progenitor pool B) Promote rapid cell division C) Initiate differentiation D) Increase metabolic rate
A) Chromatin immunoprecipitation B) Western blotting C) RNA sequencing D) Karyotyping
A) Decrease histone methylation B) Regulate lineage decisions and control quiescence C) Increase metabolic pathways D) Promote rapid DNA replication
A) Skin cells B) Bone marrow stem cells C) Liver cells D) Neuronal cells
A) G0 population B) Quiescence index C) Growth fraction D) Terminal fraction
A) In the G1 phase B) In the G0 phase C) After the S phase D) During mitosis
A) Terminally differentiated muscle cells B) Tumor cells C) Red blood cells D) Fully differentiated neurons
A) Rapid protein synthesis B) Absence of apoptosis C) Nutrient abundance D) Telomere shortening
A) Mitosis B) Apoptosis C) Differentiation D) Quiescence
A) miRNA synthesis B) Histone acetylation C) DNA methylation D) Ribosomal degradation
A) Promoter region B) 3′ untranslated region C) 5′ capped end D) Exon junction
A) miR-31 B) miR-489 C) miR-126 D) miR-102
A) Myf5 B) LKB1 C) DEK oncogene D) HIF1A
A) LKB1 B) FOXO C) Myf5 D) HIF1A
A) Metabolic stress B) Oxidative stress C) DNA damage D) Hypoxic conditions
A) By entering the GAlert phase B) By secreting cytokines C) By inducing autophagy D) By increasing translation
A) PI3K B) mTORC1 C) FOXO D) HIF1A
A) Insulin receptor B) Notch receptor C) Integrin beta-1 D) HGF receptor cMet
A) Neurons B) Erythrocytes C) Cardiomyocytes D) Mature hepatocytes
A) More than 70 B) More than 100 C) Less than 2 D) Exactly 10
A) miR-31 B) miR-21 C) miR-126 D) miR-489
A) Only in dead tissue B) Exclusively in the liver C) Renewable tissues D) Only the nervous system
A) Collagen type IV B) Hemoglobin C) Insulin-like growth factor D) Matrix metalloproteinases
A) Diabetes B) Pulmonary hypertension C) Muscle atrophy D) Skin cancer
A) Myoblasts B) Sarcomeres C) Myofibers D) Satellite cells
A) Myonuclei B) Stroma C) Satellite cells D) Myocytes
A) Sarcomeres B) Myonuclei C) Stem cells D) Myocytes
A) Sarcomeres B) Stroma C) Myonuclei D) Satellite cells
A) Osteocytes B) Osteoblasts C) Osteoprogenitors D) Osteoclasts
A) Excessive protein synthesis B) Viral infection accumulation C) Mitochondrial membrane rupture D) DNA damage, particularly oxidative damage
A) Ume6 B) Rim15 C) Gis1 D) Msn2
A) DNA polymerases B) Cell membrane transporters C) Ribosomal subunits D) Histone deacetylases
A) Promoters containing PDS elements B) Promoters containing stress-response elements (STREs) C) Promoters containing meiotic initiation signals D) Promoters containing cell cycle start sites
A) Degrading glucose molecules B) Binding directly to DNA C) Sensing oxidative stress D) Repressing EMG expression
A) Meiotic activator family B) PAS kinase family C) Transcription factor family D) Histone deacetylase family
A) Pho80-Pho85 B) Sch9-TORC1 C) Cyclin D-Cdk4 D) Cyclin C-Cdk3
A) Bmh2 B) Pho4 C) Pho81 D) Rim15
A) T500/505 B) S807/811 C) Thr1075 D) S100/200
A) Permanent arrest B) Immediate transition C) Delayed transition D) No effect
A) p130 B) Cdk C) p107 D) E2F
A) p130 B) RNA polymerase I C) E2F1 D) p107
A) p130 B) Cdk C) p107 D) E2F4 |
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