Database

1. A database is an organized collection of data, typically stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. It is designed to allow for efficient data retrieval, storage, and manipulation. Databases are commonly used in applications such as websites, mobile apps, and enterprise systems to store and manage structured information. They provide a structured way to store, organize, update, and retrieve data, allowing users to perform complex queries and analysis. Different types of databases exist, including relational databases, NoSQL databases, and cloud databases, each with their unique features and use cases. Overall, databases play a crucial role in modern computing by enabling the efficient and secure management of data.

What is normalization in databases?

A) Creating duplicate records.
B) Adding extra data to improve accuracy.
C) Deleting old data.
D) Organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy.

2. What is ACID in database transactions?

A) Asset, Consistency, Independence, Durability.
B) Aggregate, Consistency, Isolation, Duration.
C) Atomicity, Convergent, Isolation, Dispersion.
D) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.

3. What is a database index used for?

A) Deleting records.
B) Encrypting data.
C) Adding security to the database.
D) Improving the speed of data retrieval operations.

4. What does CRUD stand for in database operations?

A) Copy, Remove, Use, Delete.
B) Create, Refresh, Undo, Dump.
C) Calculate, Rank, Update, Delete.
D) Create, Read, Update, Delete.

5. What is a database trigger?

A) A security warning.
B) A type of encryption.
C) An error message.
D) Automated response to a specific event in a database.

6. In a relational database, what is a join?

A) Changing the primary key.
B) Separating data into different tables.
C) Combining rows from two or more tables based on a related column.
D) Deleting duplicate records.

7. What does DBMS stand for?

A) Database Management System.
B) Data Backup and Migration Service.
C) Digital Banking Management System.
D) Dynamic Business Model Software.

8. What is the purpose of an ETL process in databases?

A) Encrypt, Transmit, Log data.
B) Enable Table Linking.
C) Extract, Transform, Load data from various sources into a data warehouse.
D) Establish Table Licensing.

9. Which of the following is a NoSQL database system?

A) MySQL
B) MongoDB
C) SQLite
D) Oracle Database

10. What is a database constraint?

A) Rules that define acceptable values or conditions for data in the database.
B) A physical database backup.
C) A report produced by the database.
D) A database user's access level.

11. In a relational database, what is a foreign key constraint?

A) A key that cannot be changed.
B) An extra security measure.
C) A key that allows duplicate values.
D) A rule that ensures the referential integrity of the data.

12. Which database management system is known for being open-source and developed by Oracle?

A) MySQL
B) SQL Server
C) DB2
D) PostgreSQL

13. What is a query in a database?

A) A database error.
B) A type of database model.
C) A database replication process.
D) A request for data or information from a database table.

14. What is the process of organizing data into a series of tables related by common fields known as?

A) Indexing
B) Optimization
C) Normalization
D) Denormalization

15. Which SQL keyword is used to filter records based on a condition?

A) ORDER BY
B) WHERE
C) SELECT
D) FROM

16. What is a database index?

A) A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table.
B) A type of database model.
C) A file containing all database records.
D) A report generation tool.

17. What is the purpose of a database administrator (DBA)?

A) To delete data from the database.
B) To manage and maintain the database system.
C) To design the physical database schema.
D) To develop database applications.

18. What does SQL stand for?

A) Structured Query Language
B) Structured Query Logic
C) Sequential Query Language
D) Series Query Language

19. Which type of join in SQL returns all rows from both tables, joining records where available?

A) Full Outer Join
B) Inner Join
C) Cross Join
D) Left Join

20. What is the purpose of data modeling in databases?

A) To slow down data retrieval.
B) To create a visual representation of the database structure.
C) To encrypt all data.
D) To make data unavailable for querying.

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