Action potential - Quiz
A) Preventing neural decay B) Offering testable predictions C) Increasing membrane thickness D) Replacing experimental data
A) Two B) Four C) Eight D) Six
A) FitzHugh–Nagumo model B) Synaptic reflex model C) Dendritic integration model D) Pacinian model
A) Six B) Eight C) Four D) Two
A) Pacinian corpuscle model B) Bonhoeffer–Van der Pol model C) Hodgkin–Huxley model D) Central pattern generator model
A) Ion concentration gradients B) Myelin sheath conductivity C) Near threshold neural spike rate D) Resting potential stability
A) Pacinian corpuscle B) Photoreceptor C) Olfactory bulb D) Motor neuron
A) Simplifying individual ion channels B) Eliminating the need for synapses C) Replacing mathematics with electronics D) Larger and more integrated systems
A) Neural computation B) Only the Pacinian corpuscle C) Mechanical signal decay D) The evolution of the brain
A) Pupillary light reflex B) Patellar tendon reflex C) Swallowing reflex D) Escape reflexes
A) Voltage-sensitive potassium channels close B) Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft C) The axon terminal dissolves D) Calcium is pumped out of the cell
A) They destroy the postsynaptic membrane B) They block all ionic currents C) They permanently bind to receptors D) They may open ion channels
A) Sodium-potassium pumps B) Connexons C) Acetylcholinesterase enzymes D) Voltage-sensitive calcium channels
A) Influx of calcium B) Release of acetylcholinesterase C) Influx of sodium D) Decrease in synaptic temperature
A) Tetanospasmin B) Botulinum toxin C) Sarin D) Diazinon
A) Connexons B) Acetylcholine receptors C) Vesicles D) Synaptic cleft
A) They bypass the sarcolemma B) They use larger action potentials C) They do not require neurotransmitter diffusion D) They consume more ATP
A) The stomach lining B) The peripheral nerves C) The sweat glands D) The heart
A) Diazinon B) Tetanospasmin C) Acetylcholine D) Sarin
A) In the presynaptic axon B) In the sarcolemma C) In the synaptic cleft D) Inside the vesicles
A) Botulinum toxin B) Acetylcholinesterase C) Sarin D) Tetanospasmin
A) Calcium B) Tetanospasmin C) Acetylcholine D) Sarin
A) Calcium channels are blocked B) Muscle stimulus is reduced C) Muscle contraction is amplified D) New vesicles are synthesized
A) Tetanospasmin B) Malathion C) Acetylcholine D) Connexon
A) They use the same neurotransmitter at all termini B) They do not use neurotransmitters C) They switch neurotransmitters constantly D) They release multiple types of neurotransmitters simultaneously
A) Rising phase B) Falling phase C) Peak phase D) Undershoot phase
A) Afterhyperpolarization B) Equilibrium phase C) Absolute refractory period D) Depolarization
A) A decrease in membrane permeability to all ions. B) The opening of inactivation gates on sodium channels. C) Positive feedback leading to depolarization. D) The efflux of potassium ions returning the cell to rest.
A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Chloride D) Calcium
A) -70 mV B) +55 mV C) -45 mV D) 0 mV
A) -45 mV B) -30 mV C) -75 mV D) +55 mV
A) Potassium B) Chloride C) Sodium D) Magnesium
A) The membrane stays depolarized indefinitely. B) A full action potential is triggered. C) The cell immediately enters the absolute refractory period. D) The membrane repolarizes to the resting potential.
A) The period when potassium channels are closed. B) The period during which the cell is hyperpolarized. C) The period during which no new action potential can be fired. D) The period of peak sodium permeability.
A) Axon hillock B) Myelin sheath C) Synaptic knobs D) Dendritic spines
A) Depolarizes it B) Stabilizes it at a low level C) Neutralizes it D) Hyperpolarizes it
A) Increases it B) Maintains it at the threshold C) Depolarizes it D) Hyperpolarizes it
A) Via synaptic vesicles B) Through protein synthesis C) Actively D) Passively
A) Linearly B) Logarithmically C) It does not decay D) Exponentially
A) Increased inhibitory voltage B) Multiple synapses working together C) The removal of the axon hillock D) A longer delay in the synapse
A) Myelin gaps B) Synaptic vesicles C) Gap junctions D) Nucleus
A) Active transport B) Direct connection between cells C) Chemical neurotransmitters D) Protein pumps
A) Larger voltage deflection B) Increased membrane resistance C) Shorter time constant D) Slower action potential kinetics
A) 50% B) 600% C) 350% D) 100%
A) Nerve impulse B) Graded potential C) Synaptic potential D) Resting potential
A) Protein channels B) Nucleus C) Lipid bilayer D) Cytoskeleton
A) Resting, firing, refractory B) Deactivated, activated, inactivated C) Permeable, impermeable, ionized D) Open, closed, blocked
A) Synaptic transmission B) Active transport C) Saltatory conduction D) Threshold triggering
A) Muscle cell B) Plant cell C) Neuron D) Glial cell
A) Dendritic spine B) Axon hillock C) Axon terminal D) Soma
A) Sodium ions B) Myelin C) Organelles D) Neurotransmitters
A) Oligodendrocytes B) Dendrites C) Soma D) Schwann cells
A) Conduct signals faster B) Release neurotransmitters C) Isolate the spine as an independent unit D) Connect the axon to the soma
A) Inhibitory B) Refractory C) Hyperpolarizing D) Excitatory
A) Velocity remains constant regardless of diameter B) Velocity is unrelated to diameter C) Velocity decreases with diameter D) Velocity increases with diameter
A) Ichiji Tasaki B) Andrew Huxley C) Ralph Lillie D) Robert Stämpfli
A) Hundredfold B) Tenfold C) Twofold D) Fivefold
A) Approximately 20% B) Approximately 10% C) Approximately 5% D) Approximately 50%
A) Hodgkin B) Lord Kelvin C) Rushton D) Alan Turing
A) The characteristic length scale B) The transmembrane voltage C) The characteristic time scale D) The membrane resistance
A) Atrioventricular node. B) Sarcolemma. C) Sinoatrial node. D) Bundle of His exclusively.
A) Muscle atrophy. B) Neuropathic pain. C) Arrhythmias. D) Excessive sodium depletion.
A) Quinidine. B) Calcium chloride. C) Sodium bicarbonate. D) Potassium hydroxide.
A) -90mV. B) +30mV. C) 0mV. D) -70mV.
A) Sinoatrial node. B) Bundle of His. C) Purkinje fibers. D) Neuromuscular junction.
A) 10 m/s. B) 50 m/s. C) 1 m/s. D) 5 m/s.
A) 10–20 ms. B) 1–3 ms. C) 30–50 ms. D) 5–10 ms.
A) Chloride B) Magnesium C) Sodium D) Potassium
A) Darwin B) Burdon-Sanderson C) Linnaeus D) J. C. Bose
A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) ADP D) ATP
A) Proton ATPase B) Calcium gate C) Chloride channel D) Sodium-potassium pump
A) Tropical rainforests B) Arid deserts C) Tundra regions D) Subtropical wetlands
A) Dionaea muscipula B) Mimosa pudica C) Venus flytrap (general term) D) Barley
A) Burdon-Sanderson B) Calcium C) Proton ATPase D) Bose
A) Mammals B) Insects C) Reptiles D) Sponges
A) Frog B) Mouse C) Squid D) Fruit fly
A) Measure the total volume of the cell B) Increase the axonal diameter C) Keep the transmembrane voltage fixed D) Change the concentration of extracellular ions
A) Faraday cage B) Patch clamp C) EOSFET D) Glass micropipette electrode
A) Small metal electrodes B) Radioactive tracers C) Optical imaging D) Neurochips containing EOSFETs
A) Permethrin B) Saxitoxin C) Tetrodotoxin D) Dendrotoxin
A) Black mamba snake B) Gonyaulax C) Dinoflagellate-eating insects D) Pufferfish
A) Pufferfish B) Black mamba snake C) Gonyaulax D) A species of dinoflagellate
A) Insecticides B) Treatment for nerve damage C) Enhancing muscle contraction D) Regulating electrolyte balance
A) Polymerase chain reaction B) Affinity chromatography C) Gel electrophoresis D) Mass spectrometry
A) Hermann von Helmholtz B) Luigi Galvani C) Alessandro Volta D) Emil du Bois-Reymond
A) Voltaic pile B) Patch clamp C) Voltage clamp D) Cryo-electron microscope
A) Emil du Bois-Reymond B) Carlo Matteucci C) Alan Hodgkin D) Julius Bernstein
A) Emil du Bois-Reymond B) Hermann von Helmholtz C) Camillo Golgi D) Santiago Ramón y Cajal
A) Camillo Golgi B) Julius Bernstein C) Andrew Huxley D) Alan Hodgkin
A) 1906 B) 1943 C) 1952 D) 1970
A) Alan Hodgkin B) Julius Bernstein C) Bernard Katz D) Louis Lapicque
A) Andrew Huxley B) Julius Bernstein C) Bernard Katz D) David E. Goldman
A) 1957 B) 1975 C) 1943 D) 1952 |
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