Angkor - Quiz
Angkor
  • 1. Approximately how many tourists visit Angkor per year?
A) Five million
B) Five hundred thousand
C) Two million
D) Ten million
  • 2. What type of stone are the monuments at Angkor primarily made of?
A) Sandstone
B) Granite
C) Limestone
D) Marble
  • 3. When did Western tourism to Angkor begin?
A) The 1950s
B) The 1990s
C) The 1920s
D) The 1970s
  • 4. When did UNESCO begin moving towards the conservation of Angkor?
A) 2000
B) 1985
C) 1975
D) 1992
  • 5. Why were non-religious buildings in Angkorian times constructed with wood?
A) Because only gods were entitled to stone residences
B) Because stone was not available
C) Because wood was more earthquake resistant
D) Because stone was too expensive
  • 6. What is the primary reason the Cambodian government is hesitant to restrict tourism at Angkor?
A) International treaties forbid closing the site
B) Tourism is vital to the economy
C) The government does not care about conservation
D) Tourism is a religious requirement
  • 7. What is one specific challenge mentioned regarding the Cambodian government's management of the site?
A) The site is too small to manage
B) Lack of interest from local people
C) Failure to organize a robust team of specialists
D) Lack of international funding
  • 8. What types of buildings at Angkor have survived to the present day?
A) Residential palaces
B) Military fortifications
C) Government administrative buildings
D) Religious edifices
  • 9. What is the main reason it is easier to write the history of Angkorian state religion?
A) The government only kept religious records
B) The majority of surviving inscriptions are about religious foundations
C) There were no other aspects of society
D) Archaeologists are only interested in religion
  • 10. Which form of Hinduism was focused on the worship of Vishnu?
A) Vaishnavism
B) Buddhism
C) Animism
D) Shaivism
  • 11. Which religious movement identified the king with a deity?
A) Mahayana Buddhism
B) A royal cult of personality
C) Theravada Buddhism
D) Shaivism
  • 12. What has been part of the movement to limit the impact of tourism at Angkor?
A) Replacing stone with wood
B) Opening only certain areas of the site
C) Banning all photography
D) Charging ten thousand dollars for admission
  • 13. Besides Angkor, where else was the royal cult of personality present in Southeast Asia?
A) Champa and Java
B) Thailand and Laos
C) India and China
D) Japan and Korea
  • 14. What is the lingam a symbol of in Shaivism?
A) The king
B) Shiva
C) Ancestor spirits
D) Vishnu
  • 15. Why has the implementation of 1992 precautionary measures struggled?
A) Conflicts of interest and poor government organization
B) The monuments were fully restored already
C) Religious groups blocked the measures
D) A lack of tourist interest
  • 16. According to Coedès, what cult's erosion undermined Angkor's government?
A) Buddha
B) Devaraja
C) Vishnu
D) Shiva
  • 17. What public works were essential for the irrigation of Angkor's rice fields?
A) Roadways
B) Bridges
C) Walls
D) Waterways
  • 18. Which disease have scholars hypothesized as a possible cause for Angkor's decline?
A) Cholera
B) Malaria
C) Influenza
D) Bubonic Plague
  • 19. What did a study of tree rings in Vietnam reveal about the 14th–15th centuries?
A) Weakened monsoons
B) Severe forest fires
C) Extreme heat waves
D) Increased volcanic activity
  • 20. What phenomenon followed the weakened monsoons in the 14th–15th centuries?
A) Extreme flooding
B) Heavy snowfall
C) Persistent drought
D) Tsunamis
  • 21. Who was the first recorded European visitor to Angkor Wat in 1586?
A) Anna Leonowens
B) Louis Delaporte
C) Henri Mouhot
D) António da Madalena
  • 22. Which nationality established settlements alongside the Khmer in the 17th century?
A) Portuguese
B) French
C) Japanese
D) British
  • 23. In what year did Ukondafu Kazufusa celebrate the Khmer New Year at Angkor?
A) 1860
B) 1632
C) 1586
D) 1907
  • 24. Which European visitor publicized Angkor in 1860?
A) Adolf Bastian
B) António da Madalena
C) Louis Delaporte
D) Henri Mouhot
  • 25. Which organization directed restoration work at Angkor from 1907 to 1970?
A) APSARA
B) World Monuments Fund
C) UNESCO
D) École française d'Extrême-Orient
  • 26. What method involves taking temples apart stone by stone and reassembling them on concrete foundations?
A) Anastylosis
B) Structural reconstruction
C) Archeological stripping
D) Restoration layering
  • 27. Which organization was created in 1995 to manage Angkor and the Siem Reap region?
A) APSARA
B) École française d'Extrême-Orient
C) ICC
D) World Monuments Fund
  • 28. What is the length of the 'Churning of the Sea of Milk' bas-relief frieze?
A) 20 meters
B) 100 meters
C) 10 meters
D) 49 meters
  • 29. Which of these is NOT mentioned as a site aided by the World Monuments Fund?
A) Phnom Bakheng
B) Angkor Thom
C) Ta Som
D) Preah Khan
  • 30. When did the Angkorian period begin?
A) In 1200 AD
B) Shortly after 800 AD
C) In 889 AD
D) Circa 781 AD
  • 31. Who was the king that announced the independence of Kambujadesa from Java?
A) Yasovarman
B) Jayavarman II
C) The King of Chenla
D) The God-King
  • 32. What was the first capital of Jayavarman II?
A) Hariharalaya
B) Mahendraparvata
C) Indrapura
D) Yasodharapura
  • 33. Where was the first capital of Jayavarman II located?
A) Tonle Sap
B) Kulen mountains
C) Phnom Bakheng
D) Banteay Prei Nokor
  • 34. What title did Jayavarman II declare for himself in 802 AD?
A) God of the Lake
B) Universal monarch
C) Lion-man
D) King of Chenla
  • 35. Which deity was the cult of the 'god-king' (devaraja) linked to?
A) Vishnu
B) Brahma
C) Siva
D) Ganesha
  • 36. Who ascended to the throne in 889 AD?
A) Jayavarman II
B) The King of Champa
C) Yasovarman
D) The builder of Tikal
  • 37. What was the name of the new city constructed by Yasovarman?
A) Yasodharapura
B) Mahendraparvata
C) Indrapura
D) Hariharalaya
  • 38. What is the name of the massive reservoir constructed by Yasovarman?
A) Lingam
B) Tikal
C) Ashram
D) Baray
  • 39. What mountain is represented by elevated temples in Angkorian architecture?
A) Phnom Bakheng
B) Kulen mountains
C) Mount Meru
D) Banteay Prei Nokor
  • 40. How many major temples are found within the Angkor area?
A) Several hundred
B) Over 1,000
C) Exactly 15
D) Around 72
  • 41. What did the 'god-king' use to represent himself in the central temple?
A) A baray
B) A lingam
C) A veda
D) A statue of a lion
  • 42. Which city is cited as the nearest rival to Angkor's spatial extent?
A) Chenla
B) Java
C) Paris
D) Tikal
  • 43. What were the retreats for ascetics built by Yasovarman called?
A) Ashrams
B) Lingams
C) Vedas
D) Barays
  • 44. What was the name of the former kingdom of Jayavarman II?
A) Chenla
B) Funan
C) Kambuja
D) Champa
  • 45. What kind of layout do the roads and canals of Angkor create?
A) A circular pattern
B) A chaotic maze
C) A single straight line
D) A grid-like outline
  • 46. How were nearby sites primarily connected to Angkor?
A) Via rivers
B) Via underground tunnels
C) Via main roads
D) Via mountain paths
  • 47. What feature ran alongside the elevated roads in Angkor?
A) Row of trees
B) Ditches
C) Market stalls
D) Stone walls
  • 48. What could the trenches alongside the roads be used for during heavy rain?
A) Collecting gold
B) Storing stone tools
C) Growing fish
D) Water transport between communities
  • 49. How did the complexity of road construction change over time?
A) They remained exactly the same
B) They became more complexly constructed
C) They became shorter
D) They became simpler
  • 50. What do archaeologists believe was the main use of the roads based on their expansion with the economy?
A) Funeral processions
B) Entertainment
C) Animal migration
D) Communication
  • 51. What technology was used to uncover structures in the dense forest of Angkor?
A) X-ray imaging
B) Satellite photography
C) Ground-penetrating radar
D) LiDAR
  • 52. What was found inside each block of the Angkor grid?
A) Temples and palaces only
B) Homes or reservoirs
C) Factories and shops
D) Cemeteries and tombs
  • 53. What year was the shift from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age dated to?
A) 1113 AD
B) 500 AD
C) 14th Century
D) 420 BC
  • 54. Which site contained remains of iron development such as iron slag?
A) Preah Khan
B) Kulen Mountain
C) Mount Meru
D) Angkor Wat
  • 55. What unique property of the sandstone allows for identifying stages of development?
A) Weight and density
B) Color changing capacity
C) Reflective properties
D) Magnetic ability
  • 56. What do the outer walls of Angkor Wat represent?
A) The battlefields of the king
B) The gates of the underworld
C) Mountains enclosing the world
D) The walls of the royal city
  • 57. What does the moat at Angkor Wat represent?
A) A defensive water barrier
B) A place for ritual cleansing
C) The irrigation system
D) The oceans beyond
  • 58. What is the literal meaning of the word Angkor?
A) Holy mountain
B) Capital city
C) Great kingdom
D) Ancient ruins
  • 59. In which present-day country is Angkor located?
A) Cambodia
B) Thailand
C) Laos
D) Vietnam
  • 60. The word Angkor is derived from which Sanskrit word meaning city?
A) Nagara
B) Kulen
C) Nokor
D) Yasodharapura
  • 61. In what year was Angkor sacked by the Ayutthaya?
A) 1992
B) 1351
C) 802
D) 1431
  • 62. Where did the population migrate after the sacking of Angkor?
A) Kulen Hills
B) Longvek
C) Tonlé Sap
D) Siem Reap
  • 63. Angkor is located south of which geographic feature?
A) The capital city
B) Kulen Hills
C) Great Lake
D) The ocean
  • 64. How many temples are estimated to be in the Angkor area?
A) Less than one hundred
B) Exactly five hundred
C) Exactly ten thousand
D) Over one thousand
  • 65. What was Angkor considered because of its water management network?
A) A mountain fortress
B) A hydraulic city
C) An industrial hub
D) A floating city
  • 66. What technology helped researchers discover that Angkor was the largest pre-industrial city?
A) Satellite photographs
B) Radar navigation
C) Thermal imaging
D) Deep sea sonar
  • 67. What was the reason for the water management system's irrigation?
A) Preventing forest fires
B) Offsetting the unpredictable monsoon season
C) Cooling the palace floors
D) Increasing temple size
  • 68. What religious group besides Hindu and Buddhist was mentioned as being present at Angkor?
A) Shinto
B) Shaivite
C) Jain
D) Protestant
  • 69. The Ayutthaya empire held suzerainty over Angkor starting in what year?
A) 802
B) 1431
C) 921
D) 1351
  • 70. Which group launched a water-borne invasion of the Khmer kingdom in 1177?
A) The Yuan
B) The Thai
C) The Vietnamese
D) The Cham
  • 71. In what year did Jayavarman VII assume the throne?
A) 1177
B) 1296
C) 1181
D) 1150
  • 72. What is the name of the temple that served as the geographic and spiritual center of Angkor Thom?
A) The Bayon
B) Ta Prohm
C) Preah Khan
D) Angkor Wat
  • 73. To whom did Jayavarman VII dedicate the temples of Ta Prohm and Preah Khan?
A) The Buddha
B) His children
C) His parents
D) His generals
  • 74. What religion did Jayavarman VII adopt as his personal faith?
A) Confucianism
B) Theravada Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Mahayana Buddhism
  • 75. Which religion became the dominant religion of the land from the 14th century?
A) Hinduism
B) Theravada Buddhism
C) Mahayana Buddhism
D) Islam
  • 76. Who was the Chinese diplomat that arrived at Angkor in 1296?
A) Indravarman III
B) Zhou Daguan
C) Jayavarman VII
D) Suryavarman
  • 77. During whose reign did Zhou Daguan visit the Khmer capital?
A) Indravarman III
B) Jayavarman VII
C) Suryavarman
D) Jayavarman II
  • 78. What did the sovereign hold in his hand during the royal procession described by Zhou Daguan?
A) A lotus flower
B) A Buddhist scroll
C) A royal scepter
D) A sacred sword
  • 79. On what animal was the sovereign standing during the royal procession?
A) A tiger
B) An elephant
C) A horse
D) A water buffalo
  • 80. Which dynasty sacked and looted Angkor?
A) Suphannaphum-Mon
B) Oudong
C) Lavo-Khmer
D) Jayavarman
  • 81. In what year did the capital move to Oudong?
A) 1865
B) 1500
C) 1618
D) 1431
  • 82. When was the capital moved to Phnom Penh?
A) 1618
B) 1300
C) 1865
D) 1431
  • 83. Who argued that Theravada Buddhism eroded the Hindu concept of kingship?
A) Zhou Daguan
B) Jayavarman VII
C) The Suphannaphum-Mon dynasty
D) George Coedès
  • 84. How many people were required to service the Ta Prohm temple according to inscriptions?
A) 45,000
B) 1,431
C) 300,000
D) 12,640
  • 85. Approximately how many agricultural workers were estimated to be needed to feed the temple staff?
A) 12,640
B) 45,000
C) 300,000
D) 100,000
  • 86. What technique was used to date the core samples from the Angkor Thom moat?
A) Dendrochronology
B) Written records
C) Pottery analysis
D) Radiometric carbon dating
  • 87. What is the official capital mentioned after the move to Oudong?
A) Longvek
B) Phnom Penh
C) Angkor
D) Kampong Tralach
  • 88. What was the destination for many stolen objects according to 2005 reports?
A) Back to the original temple sites
B) For sale across the Cambodian border
C) To local private residences
D) To museums in Phnom Penh
  • 89. What is the current status of looting at Angkor compared to 2005?
A) It has remained exactly the same
B) It has been greatly reduced
C) It has increased significantly
D) It has been completely eliminated
  • 90. Who reported that a wicked king destroyed Buddhism in the Chenla period?
A) The King of Funan
B) An anonymous Sanskrit scholar
C) A local Khmer priest
D) Yi Jing
  • 91. What cult, besides the lingam, was prominent in the Chenla period?
A) Chinese state cults
B) Buddhism
C) Harihara
D) Yi Jing worship
  • 92. Where was Jayavarman II's capital located?
A) Pre Rup
B) Angkor Wat
C) Mount Meru
D) Hariharalaya
  • 93. What is the modern name for Hariharalaya?
A) Roluos
B) Tonlé Sap
C) Angkor
D) Siem Reap
  • 94. What did the epithet 'devaraja' signify?
A) Ancient ruler
B) God-king
C) Great conqueror
D) High priest
  • 95. What suffix was used in the name of the central lingam to designate Shiva?
A) -loka
B) -esvara
C) -raja
D) -varman
  • 96. Which religion became the state religion of Angkor?
A) Animism
B) Vaishnavism
C) Shaivism
D) Buddhism
  • 97. How many lingams did Indravarman erect in his courts?
A) Six
B) Twelve
C) Eight
D) Four
  • 98. What temple did Rajendravarman construct?
A) Tonlé Sap
B) Hariharalaya
C) Angkor Wat
D) Pre Rup
  • 99. What was the name of the royal lingam in the temple of Pre Rup?
A) Indresvara
B) Harihara
C) Suryavarmeshvara
D) Rajendrabhadresvara
  • 100. What was the primary function of Angkor Wat?
A) A dedicated library
B) Capital city fortress
C) Personal mausoleum
D) A public marketplace
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