 - 1. Petra, the ancient city carved into rose-red cliffs, is one of the most extraordinary archaeological sites in the world, located in present-day Jordan. Often referred to as the 'Rose City' because of the color of the stone from which it is hewn, Petra was once a thriving trade hub in the Nabataean Kingdom, flourishing from the 4th century BC until the 2nd century AD. The city is renowned for its striking rock-cut architecture and sophisticated water conduit system, showcasing the ingenuity of its creators. Visitors are greeted by the iconic Al-Khazneh, or 'The Treasury', a majestic temple façade that towers over the narrow canyon called the Siq, which serves as the main entrance to the city. Petra's extensive ruins include a complex of tombs, a large amphitheater, and remnants of homes and public buildings, all telling the story of a society that mastered the art of living in a harsh desert environment. This UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists each year, eager to explore its more than 2,000-year-old history, stunning landscapes, and the enduring legacy of the Nabataeans, whose culture blended influences from the Arabian, Greco-Roman, and Eastern civilizations. Today, Petra stands not only as a testament to the ingenuity of human architecture but also as a symbol of the rich and intricate history of the ancient world.
What is Petra originally known as?
A) Wadi Musa
B) Raqmu
C) The Rock City
D) Silk Road
- 2. In which country is Petra located?
A) Egypt
B) Syria
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Jordan
- 3. What famous structure is the most iconic symbol of Petra?
A) Al-Khazneh (The Treasury)
B) The Great Temple
C) The Royal Tombs
D) The Monastery
- 4. When was Petra designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) 1978
B) 1985
C) 2000
D) 1990
- 5. What does the name 'Petra' mean in Greek?
A) City
B) Fortress
C) Desert
D) Rock
- 6. Which ancient trade route passed through Petra?
A) Silk Road
B) Incense Route
C) Spice Route
D) caravan Route
- 7. Who rediscovered Petra for the western world?
A) Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
B) David Livingstone
C) Thesiger
D) William Robinson
- 8. What type of rock is predominantly found in Petra?
A) Limestone
B) Marble
C) Basalt
D) Sandstone
- 9. What symbolizes Petra's connection to trade?
A) Ships
B) Trains
C) Caravans
D) Aeroplanes
- 10. What type of climate does Petra have?
A) Polar climate
B) Temperate climate
C) Desert climate
D) Tropical climate
- 11. How did the Nabateans primarily gather water in Petra?
A) Underground wells
B) Aqueducts from the sea
C) River diversion
D) Rainwater harvesting
A) A local dish
B) A narrow canyon leading to Petra
C) An ancient trade route
D) A type of stone
- 13. What architectural style is prevalent in Petra?
A) Renaissance
B) Baroque
C) Hellenistic
D) Gothic
- 14. What was Petra's primary function in ancient times?
A) Trade center
B) Mining site
C) Military base
D) Agricultural hub
- 15. What is Petra known for?
A) Industrial factories
B) Lush gardens
C) Modern skyscrapers
D) Ancient rock-cut architecture
- 16. What is the main entrance to Petra called?
A) The Path
B) The Gate
C) The Siq
D) The Valley
- 17. What do the rock formations in Petra offer?
A) Tropical scenery
B) Natural beauty
C) Urban structure
D) Waterfalls
- 18. What is Al-Deir commonly referred to as?
A) The Citadel
B) The Treasury
C) The Monastery
D) The Colonnade
- 19. What natural occurrence poses a threat to Petra?
A) Flash floods
B) Tsunamis
C) Volcanic eruptions
D) Earthquakes
- 20. What is the height of the Monastery in Petra?
A) 75 meters
B) 30 meters
C) 60 meters
D) 45 meters
- 21. Which flora is common in Petra?
A) Coniferous trees
B) Tropical trees
C) Deciduous trees
D) Various desert plants
- 22. What is the primary color of the rock formations in Petra?
A) Black
B) Gray
C) White
D) Red
- 23. What year was Petra rediscovered by the Western world?
A) 1492
B) 1812
C) 1600
D) 1776
- 24. Which of these is a major architectural feature of Petra?
A) Wooden structures
B) Steel buildings
C) Concrete ruins
D) Rock-cut facades
- 25. What event occurs annually in Petra?
A) Petra by Night
B) Midsummer Festival
C) Winter Wonderland
D) Day of the Dead
- 26. In which century did the Nabataeans settle Petra?
A) 4th century BC
B) 1st century AD
C) 7th century BC
D) 2nd century BC
- 27. What is Petra famously known as due to its sandstone color?
A) The Golden City
B) The Rose City
C) The White City
D) The Red City
- 28. When did Nabataea fall to the Romans?
A) 363 AD
B) 4th century BC
C) 106 AD
D) 1st century AD
- 29. What natural disaster contributed to Petra's decline in the 4th century?
A) A volcanic eruption
B) A flood
C) An earthquake
D) A drought
- 30. Which empire annexed and renamed Nabataea as Arabia Petraea?
A) The Persian Empire
B) The Roman Empire
C) The Byzantine Empire
D) The Ottoman Empire
- 31. What is one of the skills the Nabataeans were particularly known for?
A) Pottery making
B) Metalworking
C) Stone carving
D) Weaving
- 32. How many inhabitants did Petra have at its peak in the 1st century AD?
A) 20,000
B) 100,000
C) 50,000
D) 10,000
- 33. What was Petra's role in relation to the Edomites during the Iron Age?
A) A religious site
B) A stopping point for merchants
C) A military stronghold
D) An agricultural center
- 34. What did UNESCO describe Petra as?
A) The largest archaeological site in Jordan
B) One of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage
C) A natural wonder of the world
D) The oldest city in the world
- 35. What is Petra's status among the New 7 Wonders of the World?
A) It was never considered
B) It is one of them
C) It was disqualified
D) It is not on the list
- 36. What was Petra's estimated population peak during its flourishing period?
A) 50,000 inhabitants
B) 20,000 inhabitants
C) 100,000 inhabitants
D) 10,000 inhabitants
- 37. Which century did the Nabataeans make Petra their capital city?
A) First century AD
B) Second century BC
C) Third century BC
D) Fourth century BC
- 38. What is the Nabataean name for Petra?
A) Raqēmō
B) Rekem
C) Garshu
D) Sela
- 39. Which historian wrote about Rekeme being called Petra by the Greeks?
A) Diodorus Siculus
B) Josephus
C) Antigonus
D) Eusebius
- 40. Which ancient historian's work is associated with identifying Rekem as Petra?
A) Eusebius
B) Antigonus
C) Diodorus Siculus
D) Josephus
- 41. What was the original cultural influence on the Nabataeans before they were identified as a northern Arabian tribe?
A) Aramaic culture
B) Roman culture
C) Egyptian culture
D) Greek culture
- 42. What was found by workmen in 1964 at the entrance to Petra's gorge?
A) Statues of Nabataean gods
B) Gold coins from the Roman Empire
C) Funerary inscriptions in Nabatean script
D) A map of ancient trade routes
- 43. Who was the governor of Roman Syria when the Arabian Peninsula under the rule of Petra was absorbed into the Roman Empire?
A) Septimius Severus
B) Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus
C) Trajan
D) Sextius Florentinus
- 44. Which road was built by Trajan between 111 and 114?
A) Petra Roman Road
B) Pax Romana Route
C) Via Traiana Nova
D) Nabataean Caravan Path
- 45. Which deity was honored with a feast on December 25 in Petra during Epiphanius of Salamis's time?
A) al-Uzza
B) Dushara
C) Allat
D) The virgin Khaabou
- 46. Which Byzantine emperor's reign is associated with the Madaba Map that lacks a section for Petra?
A) Justinian I
B) Theodosius II
C) Arcadius
D) Constantine I
- 47. Which emperor visited Petra and did not lead to a development boom?
A) Septimius Severus
B) Trajan
C) Hadrian
D) Elagabalus
- 48. Which Roman emperor's coins were found in Nabataean tombs?
A) Hadrian
B) Septimius Severus
C) Elagabalus
D) Trajan
- 49. What was the function of Petra's bishopric transferred to before 687?
A) Jerash
B) Negev
C) Sinai Peninsula
D) Areopolis
- 50. Who built fortresses such as Alwaeira Castle in the 12th century?
A) The Mamluks
B) The Crusaders
C) The Bedouins
D) The Byzantines
- 51. Which castle was seized by a band of Turks with the help of local Muslims?
A) El-Habis
B) Alwaeira
C) Al-Wu'ayra
D) Qasr al-Bint
- 52. Who was one of the first Mamluk sultans to visit Petra during the Middle Ages?
A) Nur ad-Din
B) Baibars
C) Al-Malik al-Kamil
D) Saladin
- 53. Who made the first accurate drawings of Petra in 1828?
A) David Roberts
B) Léon de Laborde and Louis-Maurice-Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds
C) Agnes Conway
D) Frederic Edwin Church
- 54. Which publication featured photographs of Petra by Missionary Archibald Forder in 1909?
A) Petra Journal
B) National Geographic
C) Traveler's Digest
D) The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
- 55. In which decade were the Bedul Bedouin relocated by the Jordanian government?
A) 1970s
B) 1960s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s
- 56. What event affected Petra in December 2022?
A) Tsunami
B) Heavy flooding
C) Sandstorm
D) Earthquake
- 57. Which mountain is adjacent to Petra?
A) Mount Everest
B) Mount Sinai
C) Mount Kilimanjaro
D) Jabal Al-Madbah
- 58. What geographical feature forms the eastern flank of the Arabah valley near Petra?
A) Mountains
B) Plains
C) Deserts
D) Rivers
- 59. What is the name of the mountain associated with Aaron's Tomb?
A) Mount Zion
B) Jabal Haroun
C) Mount Nebo
D) Mount Sinai
- 60. From which direction do most modern visitors approach Petra today?
A) The west
B) The east
C) The north
D) The south
- 61. What figure is believed to be depicted on the tholos of the Treasury?
A) Athena
B) Artemis
C) Isis-Tyche
D) Hera
- 62. What was the original purpose of the space outside Petra's Monastery?
A) Gladiator fights
B) Market area
C) Worship purposes
D) Theatre performances
- 63. During which period was the area near Petra's Monastery used for Christian worship?
A) Nabataean period
B) Hellenistic period
C) Roman period
D) Byzantine period
- 64. How many people could the theatre in Petra hold?
A) 24 meters wide
B) 45 meters tall
C) 50 meters wide
D) Around 8,500 people
- 65. What was the original purpose of Colonnaded Street in Petra?
A) A residential area
B) A religious site
C) A theatre
D) A market area
- 66. What feature once stood at Colonnaded Street that is now in ruins?
A) A theatre
B) A semi-circle nymphaeum
C) An island-pavilion
D) A large swimming pool
- 67. Where is the High Place of Sacrifice located?
A) Atop Jebel Madbah Mountain
B) In the Nabatean version of Hellenistic architecture
C) Near Petra's theatre
D) Outside the main area of the city
- 68. Which tomb in Petra is speculated to be for the kings?
A) The Urn Tomb
B) The Silk Tomb
C) The Corinthian Tomb
D) The Palace Tomb
- 69. Which tomb was converted into a church in 446 AD?
A) The Urn Tomb
B) The Palace Tomb
C) The Silk Tomb
D) The Corinthian Tomb
- 70. What is the primary male god in Nabataean religion?
A) Musa
B) Harun
C) Aaron
D) Dushara
- 71. What was one of the first actions taken by PETA regarding working animals in Petra?
A) Releasing a video highlighting animal abuse.
B) Organizing protests at the site.
C) Building a veterinary clinic.
D) Petitioning for stricter laws.
- 72. In which year did John William Burgon win Oxford University's Newdigate Prize for his poem 'Petra'?
A) 2014
B) 1845
C) 1958
D) 1977
- 73. Which novel by Agatha Christie features Petra prominently?
A) Last Act in Palmyra
B) The Eagle in the Sand
C) Bartleby
D) Appointment with Death
- 74. Who married Mohammed Abdullah, a Bedouin in Petra?
A) Agatha Christie
B) Meir Har-Zion
C) Marguerite van Geldermalsen
D) Joan Ward
- 75. In which video game does a fictionalized version of Petra appear as a playable arena?
A) Overwatch
B) Civilization V
C) Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
D) Mortal Kombat Annihilation
- 76. Who wrote the lyrics for the ballad 'HaSela haAdom' about a fatal trip to Petra?
A) Haim Hefer
B) Joan Ward
C) Meir Har-Zion
D) John Yarbrough
- 77. In which year did John Yarbrough's play 'Petra' debut at the Manhattan Repertory Theatre?
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 1979
D) 2004
- 78. Which novel by Blue Balliett features a character named after Petra?
A) Appointment with Death
B) Bartleby
C) The Moon Goddess and the Son
D) Chasing Vermeer
- 79. Which documentary examined Petra using laser scanning technology?
A) Time Scanners
B) Jinn
C) Living with Arabs: Nine Years with the Petra Bedouin
D) Petra: Lost City of Stone
- 80. Which Civilization game first included Petra?
A) Civilization V
B) Civilization VI
C) Overwatch
D) Mortal Kombat Annihilation
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