A) Old English B) American English C) Standard English D) World Englishes
A) India B) Australia C) Canada D) Singapore
A) Languages B) Dialects C) Religions D) Cultures
A) Chinese B) French C) Spanish D) English
A) India B) Italy C) Japan D) Brazil
A) North America B) Africa C) Europe D) Asia
A) Colonial B) Urban C) Modern D) Rural
A) Native B) Similar C) Official D) Dialectal
A) 1978 B) 1992 C) 2000 D) 1988
A) A TESOL conference in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1988. B) The first publication of English World-Wide. C) The establishment of World Englishes journal. D) The launch of the International Association for World Englishes.
A) Three B) Two C) Four D) One
A) Romance B) West Germanic C) Slavic D) Celtic
A) Scandinavian and Norman invasions. B) Viking settlements. C) Roman conquest. D) Greek colonization.
A) Two centuries after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century. B) The Renaissance. C) The Middle English period. D) The Old English period.
A) Simplifying grammar rules. B) Expanding vocabulary through borrowing from other languages. C) Promoting regional dialects. D) Reducing the language to rule, refining it by removing defects, and fixing it permanently in a desired form.
A) The decline of other European languages. B) The isolationist policies of England. C) The invention of the printing press. D) The expansion of the British Empire and global trade.
A) Because they were mandated by British law. B) As a result of Scandinavian influence. C) Due to the rising importance and development of these regions, such as the United States. D) To align with French linguistic policies.
A) North America, Caribbean, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand B) Europe and Russia C) South America and Antarctica D) Asia and Africa
A) Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon B) India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka C) Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe D) Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong
A) Taiwan B) Philippines C) Japan D) Korea
A) Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales B) William Labov C) Noam Chomsky D) Steven Pinker
A) Outer Circle B) New Commonwealth countries C) Inner Circle D) Expanding Circle
A) Inner Circle B) Expanding Circle C) Outer Circle D) New Commonwealth countries
A) Expanding Circle B) Outer Circle C) New Commonwealth countries D) Inner Circle
A) Braj Kachru B) Noam Chomsky C) William Labov D) Edgar Werner Schneider
A) A parallel development B) An independent relationship C) A bidirectional causal relationship D) A unilateral implicational relationship among four components
A) Phase 4 – Endonormative stabilization B) Phase 3 – Nativization C) Phase 5 – Differentiation D) Phase 1 – Foundation
A) Görlach B) Strevens C) McArthur D) Kachru
A) Having partial membership B) Central varieties C) Fully belonging to one family D) Excluded entirely
A) Features that may become internationally common or fall into obscurity B) Local varieties C) Core features comprehensible to most speakers D) Features particular to American English |