Arch - Quiz
Arch
  • 1. When did arches first come into use in Korea?
A) The first century AD.
B) The exact date is unknown.
C) The seventh century AD.
D) The fifth century AD.
  • 2. Where were the early examples of arches in Korea found?
A) In the border walls of Baekje.
B) In the Buddhist temples of Silla.
C) In the royal palace of Seoul.
D) In brick-built tombs of Lelang near Pyongyang.
  • 3. What influence is evident in the vaulted brick tombs of Baekje?
A) Mongolian influence.
B) Japanese influence.
C) Chinese influence.
D) Indian influence.
  • 4. Which specific tomb in Baekje followed southern Chinese models?
A) The tomb of King Sejong.
B) The tomb of King Muryeong.
C) The tomb of King Taejo.
D) The tomb of King Gwanggaeto.
  • 5. What led to the active construction of arch bridges during the Unified Silla period?
A) The discovery of new granite mining techniques.
B) A royal decree by the Chinese emperor.
C) The expansion of the palace waterway.
D) The designation of Korean Buddhism as the state religion.
  • 6. Who started the construction of the Bulguksa temple?
A) Kim Daeseong.
B) The aristocracy of Lelang.
C) The royal family of Joseon.
D) King Muryeong.
  • 7. How long did it take to finish the construction of Bulguksa temple?
A) 100 years.
B) 50 years.
C) 24 years.
D) 10 years.
  • 8. In what year did the construction of Bulguksa temple begin?
A) 751.
B) 1398.
C) 1395.
D) 300.
  • 9. Which of the following is one of the three bridges at Bulguksa temple containing arches?
A) Cheongungyo.
B) Lelang bridge.
C) Gwanghwamun.
D) Yeongjegyo.
  • 10. What material is utilized in the surviving ancient arch palace bridges?
A) Hand-cut limestone.
B) Reinforced concrete.
C) Stacked bricks.
D) Well-polished, relatively large granite blocks.
  • 11. How many spans do the surviving ancient arch palace bridges typically have?
A) Three spans.
B) Two spans.
C) One span.
D) Four spans.
  • 12. What is the shape of the arches in the surviving ancient palace bridges?
A) Pointed.
B) Square.
C) Semicircular.
D) Elliptical.
  • 13. On a palace bridge, who used the central section of the bridge deck?
A) The commoners.
B) The foreign envoys.
C) The king.
D) The construction workers.
  • 14. What was the purpose of the left and right sides of the palace bridge deck?
A) They were used for horses.
B) They were used by courtiers.
C) They were used for storage.
D) They were used for bridge maintenance.
  • 15. Why are the palace bridges wide and the decks relatively flat?
A) Because they were built for military chariots.
B) Because they were built over wide rivers.
C) Because the bridge deck was divided for the king and his courtiers.
D) Because of the heavy weight of the granite.
  • 16. What is the name of the artificial waterway beneath the palace bridges?
A) Pyongyang.
B) Geumcheon.
C) Bulguksa.
D) Silla.
  • 17. When was the Yeongjegyo bridge at Gyeongbokgung Palace completed?
A) 751.
B) 1398.
C) 1400.
D) 1395.
  • 18. When was the Gwanghwamun built?
A) 1395.
B) 751.
C) 1405.
D) 1398.
  • 19. How many arched gates are in the Gwanghwamun's stone foundation?
A) One.
B) Three.
C) Four.
D) Two.
  • 20. What is the height of the central arch of the Gwanghwamun?
A) 18 cheok.
B) 17 cheok 5 chon.
C) 14 cheok 5 chon.
D) 16 cheok.
  • 21. Which civilization is credited with adopting the true arch early in the 8th century BC, reportedly under Egyptian influence?
A) Greeks
B) Assyrians
C) Persians
D) Romans
  • 22. What is the term for a series of arches built together to form a hall, used during the Achaemenid Empire?
A) Iwan
B) Arcade
C) Basilica
D) Lintel
  • 23. What is the name of the largest free-standing vault built by the Sasanian Empire in the 6th century AD?
A) Colosseum
B) Alconétar Bridge
C) Taq Kasra
D) Pont Du Gard
  • 24. Where can an early European example of a voussoir arch be found from the 4th century BC?
A) Rhodes Footbridge
B) Stadion at Olympia
C) Temple of Apollo
D) Agora at Priene
  • 25. From which culture did the ancient Romans learn the semicircular arch?
A) Egyptians
B) Assyrians
C) Persians
D) Etruscans
  • 26. Which of these was an early use of arches by the Romans?
A) Churches
B) Drains
C) Private villas
D) Christian basilicas
  • 27. What type of buildings used low segmental arches made of bricks and wooden architraves?
A) Aqueducts
B) Triumphal arches
C) Insulae
D) Christian basilicas
  • 28. What was a main design element of the newly created Christian basilica?
A) Arches
B) Flat roofs
C) Stone stairways
D) Wood lintels
  • 29. In the ancient Near East, where was the use of true arches mostly confined?
A) Public monuments
B) Underground structures
C) Royal palaces
D) Religious temples
  • 30. To what date did H. V. Hilprecht attribute the Nippur arch?
A) After 2000 BC
B) Before 4000 BC
C) Before 3000 BC
D) Before 5000 BC
  • 31. In which country was the Tell Taya mudbrick home doorway found?
A) Iran
B) Greece
C) Iraq
D) Egypt
  • 32. The city gate at Ashkelon is dated to approximately what year?
A) 1750 BC
B) 2000 BC
C) 1500 BC
D) 1850 BC
  • 33. The city gate at Tel Dan is dated to approximately what year?
A) 1850 BC
B) 1750 BC
C) 2000 BC
D) 1500 BC
  • 34. Where is the parabolic vault from 1500 BC located?
A) Tell Taya, Iraq
B) Haft Teppe, Iran
C) Ashkelon, Israel
D) Nippur, Iraq
  • 35. When did the use of true arches originate in Egypt?
A) 2nd millennium BC
B) 5th millennium BC
C) 3rd millennium BC
D) 4th millennium BC
  • 36. What is considered the oldest arch still standing in Egypt?
A) Dendera cemetery
B) Ramesseum
C) Haft Teppe tomb
D) The Third Dynasty gate
  • 37. Why did Auguste Mariette suggest Egyptians avoided vaults in temples?
A) Lack of building materials
B) Relative fragility
C) Religious prohibition
D) Lack of architectural skill
  • 38. Which architecture utilized only corbel arches in their beehive tombs?
A) Elamite
B) Mycenaean
C) Hittite
D) Egyptian
  • 39. Which civilization likely imitated Egyptian parabolic arches but used corbelled techniques?
A) Hittites
B) Elamites
C) Romans
D) Mycenaeans
  • 40. Which early Syrian site contains examples of a pointed arch dating to AD 561–564?
A) St Mark's Basilica
B) Southwell Minster
C) Qasr Ibn Wardan
D) Salisbury Cathedral
  • 41. What is a major structural advantage of a pointed arch compared to a semicircular one?
A) Lower horizontal reaction at the base
B) Requirement for thicker walls
C) Greater weight on the center
D) Higher material costs
  • 42. What type of arch is formed when the centers of two circles coincide with the springing points of the opposite segment?
A) Tudor arch
B) Ogee arch
C) Equilateral arch
D) Keel arch
  • 43. Which cathedral is noted as a prominent example of lancet arches in England?
A) Monte Cassino
B) Cluny Abbey
C) Ely Cathedral
D) Salisbury Cathedral
  • 44. What is another common name for a cusped arch?
A) Equilateral arch
B) Multifoil arch
C) Tudor arch
D) Nodding arch
  • 45. What is another name for an ogee arch?
A) Reversed curve arch
B) Equilateral arch
C) Multifoil arch
D) Straight-line arch
  • 46. What defines the structure of a nodding ogee arch?
A) An apex that projects forward from the wall
B) Segments that do not meet at a point
C) A flat top resembling a straight line
D) Three segments meeting at a flat top
  • 47. What specific arch type resembles the section view of a capsized ship?
A) Lancet arch
B) Equilateral arch
C) Keel arch
D) Curtain arch
  • 48. Which architect is associated with the curtain arch in late 15th to early 16th century buildings?
A) The builder of Qasr Ibn Wardan
B) The architect of St Mark's Basilica
C) The architect of Salisbury Cathedral
D) Arnold von Westfalen
  • 49. What is another name for a muqarnas arch?
A) Lambrequin arch
B) Draped arch
C) Keel arch
D) Tudor arch
  • 50. In which architectural style did the lancet arch first appear in France?
A) Early Gothic
B) Romanesque
C) Late Renaissance
D) Perpendicular Gothic
  • 51. Where can examples of relieving arches be found?
A) The Great Mosque of Córdoba
B) Canterbury Cathedral
C) The Roman Pantheon
D) Wells Cathedral
  • 52. What role can a diaphragm arch perform?
A) Provide intermediate support beneath a high roof
B) Support heavy window frames
C) Drain water from the roof surface
D) Stabilize foundations against upward pressure
  • 53. What is the term for a sequence of arches grouped together?
A) Arcade
B) Vault
C) Lunette
D) Serliana
  • 54. Which civilization is credited with perfecting the arcade?
A) Romans
B) Persians
C) Egyptians
D) Greeks
  • 55. What is the space under the head of a blind arch called?
A) Voussoir
B) Lunette
C) Crown
D) Intrados
  • 56. What are the wedge-shaped components of an arch called?
A) Piers
B) Lintels
C) Voussoirs
D) Crowns
  • 57. What kind of brick arch is made by cutting regular bricks into a wedge shape?
A) Hinged brick
B) Fixed brick
C) Axed brick
D) Gauged brick
  • 58. What is the term for a brick arch made of manufactured wedge-shaped bricks?
A) Standard brick
B) Gauged brick
C) Pointed brick
D) Axed brick
  • 59. In a serliana, what shape is the central opening?
A) Rectangular
B) Triangular
C) Arched
D) Square
  • 60. What is another name for a rear-arch?
A) Rere-arch
B) Interlaced arch
C) Containing arch
D) Blind arch
  • 61. What is the result of the inward-directed horizontal reaction in an arch?
A) A positive bending moment increase
B) Total structural instability
C) An increase in vertical thrust
D) A counterbalancing negative moment
  • 62. What was traditionally used to counteract the horizontal thrust of masonry arches?
A) Lightweight timber frames
B) Vertical cables
C) Steel tension rods
D) Heavy abutments
  • 63. What allows a bowstring arch to relieve horizontal thrust?
A) Thicker abutments
B) A tie connecting the ends
C) A change in masonry material
D) A higher arch rise
  • 64. Which researcher noted the symmetry between a hanging chain and a rigid arch?
A) Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
B) Philippe de La Hire
C) Robert Hooke
D) Édouard Méry
  • 65. What term is used for curves or polygons that represent the shape of a hanging chain?
A) Parabolic
B) Funicular
C) Orthogonal
D) Cantilevered
  • 66. Who developed a graphical method for determining the line of thrust in 1828?
A) Philippe de La Hire
B) Robert Hooke
C) Édouard Méry
D) Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
  • 67. Which architecture is known for using the trabeated system?
A) Ancient Rome
B) Islamic
C) Byzantine
D) Ancient Greece
  • 68. What material introduction reduced the importance of the arch in the 19th century?
A) Concrete
B) Granite
C) Wrought iron
D) Timber
  • 69. What is the top block in a true masonry arch called?
A) Springer
B) Spandrel
C) Impost
D) Keystone
  • 70. What is the underside of an arch called?
A) Crown
B) Haunch
C) Intrados
D) Extrados
  • 71. What is the external surface of an arch called?
A) Extrados
B) Soffit
C) Intrados
D) Spandrel
  • 72. What term describes the triangular-shaped portion of a wall between the extrados and the horizontal division above?
A) Voussoir
B) Dosseret
C) Impost
D) Spandrel
  • 73. What is a 'true' arch based on?
A) Torsional forces
B) Tensile forces
C) Shear forces
D) Compressive forces
  • 74. What is the height from the springing level to the crown called?
A) Arcature
B) Thickness
C) Rise
D) Span
  • 75. Which component is a deep rectangular impost used above a capital?
A) Keystone
B) Springer
C) Voussoir
D) Dosseret
  • 76. Which of the following is NOT one of the three broad categories of arch shapes mentioned?
A) Square
B) Pointed
C) Parabolic
D) Rounded
  • 77. In which region were pointed horseshoe arches especially common from 1000 to 1250?
A) England
B) Afghanistan
C) Italy
D) Spain
  • 78. During which period did horseshoe arches become popular for front doors of English houses?
A) Interwar period
B) Romanesque
C) Renaissance
D) Baroque
  • 79. Which of these curves is explicitly mentioned as being historically used by architects besides circles?
A) Linear gradients
B) Square roots
C) Hyperbolic cosine curves
D) Logarithmic spirals
  • 80. Which scientist mistakenly claimed that a hanging chain fits a parabola almost perfectly?
A) Gaudi
B) Newton
C) González
D) Galileo
  • 81. What is the actual shape of a hanging chain?
A) Hyperbola
B) Ellipse
C) Catenary
D) Parabola
  • 82. In what orientation are these curves used for arches?
A) Diagonal
B) Horizontal
C) Symmetric
D) Inverted
  • 83. Which curve is used for free-standing arches that are heavier at the bottom?
A) Weighted catenary
B) Simple catenary
C) Standard parabola
D) Elliptical curve
  • 84. Which curves are often misclassified as parabolas?
A) Ellipses
B) Catenaries
C) Circles
D) Hyperbolas
  • 85. What is the primary architectural use of the flat arch today?
A) Decorative pattern
B) Load-bearing bridge foundation
C) Tunnel vaulting
D) Aqueduct construction
  • 86. Where can curved corbel arches be found?
A) Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
B) St Mary Coslany
C) Soltaniyeh
D) Vaison-la-Romaine Cathedral
  • 87. What is a shouldered arch?
A) Arch with unequal spans
B) Central part raised on vertical supports
C) Arch with its springing line above the imposts
D) Arch with a triangular top
  • 88. What shape does the intrados of a round splayed arch have?
A) Conical
B) Rectangular
C) Triangular
D) Cylindrical
  • 89. Which of the following describes the voussoirs of a flat arch?
A) Uniform wedge shapes
B) Triangular slabs
C) Irregular shapes
D) Perfectly square blocks
  • 90. In which architectural style were shouldered arches used for doorways?
A) Medieval European
B) Ancient Greek
C) Mycenaean
D) Anglo-Saxon
  • 91. What type of foundation is suitable for a three-hinged arch due to predictable reactions?
A) Fixed concrete slabs
B) Deep-pile foundations
C) Shallow, bearing-type foundations
D) Floating foundations
  • 92. In a three-hinged arch, thermal changes cause vertical movement at which location?
A) The peak pin joint
B) The base hinges
C) The supporting walls
D) The entire structure simultaneously
  • 93. Which architectural tradition avoided the use of arches?
A) Viking architecture
B) European architecture
C) Roman architecture
D) Modern architecture
  • 94. What type of construction was mostly used in ancient Chinese architecture?
A) Stone-vaulted
B) Steel-truss
C) Concrete-frame
D) Timber-framed
  • 95. Which dynasty's surviving architecture includes rammed earth defensive walls and towers?
A) Ming
B) Han
C) Sui
D) Qin
  • 96. During which dynasty was the Anji Bridge built?
A) Han
B) Sui
C) Tang
D) Song
  • 97. Who suggested the pointed arch might have been an indigenous evolution of Florentine arches?
A) John Ruskin
B) Saoud
C) Ibn Tulun
D) John Warren
  • 98. Where did the ogee arch appear around 1250?
A) Venice
B) Damascus
C) Cordoba
D) Cairo
  • 99. What were the known vaults and domes in ancient China supported by?
A) Stone buttresses
B) Iron beams
C) Timber pillars
D) Earth
  • 100. Which scholar dated pointed arcades at St Mark's Basilica to the 9th century?
A) Saoud
B) Al-Hakam II
C) John Ruskin
D) John Warren
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