Constitution of the United States - Quiz
Constitution of the United States
  • 1. According to historian Herbert W. Schneider, what was probably the most potent single tradition in the American Enlightenment?
A) The Roman Republic
B) The Scottish Enlightenment
C) The Glorious Revolution
D) The French Revolution
  • 2. Which 18th-century Scottish philosopher did Benjamin Franklin greatly admire?
A) David Hume
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Montesquieu
D) John Locke
  • 3. In what year did Benjamin Franklin study works by David Hume while at Edinburgh?
A) 1688
B) 1823
C) 1778
D) 1760
  • 4. What shared belief did Benjamin Franklin and David Hume embrace regarding high-ranking public officials?
A) They should control the judiciary
B) They should receive no salary
C) They must belong to the upper class
D) They should be appointed for life
  • 5. According to Franklin and Hume, who was considered a better judge of character when choosing representatives?
A) Wealthy merchants
B) Foreign diplomats
C) The nobility
D) The lower class
  • 6. Which British political philosopher was a major influence following the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
A) John Locke
B) David Hume
C) Polybius
D) Montesquieu
  • 7. Whose contract theory of government was expanded upon by John Locke?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) James Madison
D) Thomas Hobbes
  • 8. In which work did John Locke advance the principle of consent of the governed?
A) Federalist No. 78
B) The Spirit of Law
C) Two Treatises of Government
D) Federalist No. 47
  • 9. According to John Locke's social contract, what was the government's primary duty?
A) To expand the nation's territory
B) To enforce religious uniformity
C) To accumulate wealth for the state
D) To serve the people by protecting their rights
  • 10. What were the basic rights identified under Locke's social contract?
A) Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
B) Freedom of speech, press, and religion
C) Equality, fraternity, and liberty
D) Life, liberty, and property
  • 11. In which Federalist paper is Montesquieu's influence on Madison evident?
A) Federalist No. 10
B) Federalist No. 47
C) Federalist No. 78
D) Federalist No. 51
  • 12. In which Federalist paper is Montesquieu's influence on Hamilton evident?
A) Federalist No. 84
B) Federalist No. 10
C) Federalist No. 78
D) Federalist No. 47
  • 13. Which of the following American figures were known to read Montesquieu?
A) Thomas Jefferson, Adams, and Mason
B) Benjamin Franklin, Hobbes, and Hume
C) Washington, Madison, and Franklin
D) Locke, Hamilton, and Jay
  • 14. What did Montesquieu emphasize as necessary to prevent tyranny?
A) A powerful central executive
B) Balanced forces pushing against each other
C) Absolute rule by the lower class
D) Elimination of the legislative branch
  • 15. Whose 2nd century BC treatise on the checks and balances of the Roman Republic influenced Montesquieu?
A) Plato
B) Cicero
C) Aristotle
D) Polybius
  • 16. In which book did Montesquieu maintain that state powers should be separated by their service to the people's liberty?
A) Two Treatises of Government
B) The Social Contract
C) The Spirit of Law
D) Federalist Papers
  • 17. According to Montesquieu, what are the three branches of separated state powers?
A) Federal, state, and local
B) Monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic
C) Military, economic, and social
D) Legislative, executive, and judicial
  • 18. What was the purpose of the separation of powers according to Montesquieu?
A) The even distribution of authority among the several branches
B) To concentrate power in the executive branch
C) To eliminate the need for elections
D) To ensure judges create laws
  • 19. Who are described in the text as the ultimate interpreters of the constitution?
A) Supreme Court Justices
B) State Governors
C) Members of Congress
D) The President
  • 20. Which court case from 1823 is cited in the text as referencing Montesquieu?
A) United States v. Wood
B) Myers v. United States
C) Nixon v. Administrator of General Services
D) Green v. Biddle
  • 21. On what date was the convention's opening meeting originally scheduled?
A) June 19, 1787
B) May 25, 1787
C) May 14, 1787
D) May 31, 1787
  • 22. On what date did a quorum of seven states finally meet to begin deliberations?
A) May 14, 1787
B) June 19, 1787
C) June 13, 1787
D) May 25, 1787
  • 23. Which state refused to participate in the convention?
A) Virginia
B) New Jersey
C) Pennsylvania
D) Rhode Island
  • 24. How many total delegates were appointed by the states?
A) 55
B) 74
C) 7
D) 12
  • 25. How many delegates actually attended the convention?
A) 55
B) 74
C) 12
D) 7
  • 26. What was another name for the Virginia Plan?
A) Federalist No. 78
B) Large State Plan
C) Council of Revision
D) New Jersey Plan
  • 27. What was the Randolph Plan also known as?
A) The Articles of Confederation
B) The Judicial Review Act
C) The Virginia Plan
D) The New Jersey Plan
  • 28. What type of Congress did the Virginia Plan call for?
A) Bicameral Congress with equal state representation
B) Unicameral Congress elected on a proportional basis
C) Unicameral Congress where all states had one vote
D) Bicameral Congress elected on a proportional basis
  • 29. Whose philosophy did the Virginia Plan use for a divided government?
A) Montesquieu
B) Edward Coke
C) John Locke
D) William Blackstone
  • 30. Whose philosophy did the Virginia Plan use to emphasize civil liberties?
A) John Locke
B) William Blackstone
C) Edmund Burke
D) Edward Coke
  • 31. Which states did the Virginia Plan generally favor?
A) States that refused to participate
B) States with unicameral legislatures
C) The most highly populated states
D) The less-populous states
  • 32. What legislative structure did the New Jersey Plan retain?
A) A bicameral Congress elected on a proportional basis
B) A council of revision
C) A bicameral Congress with appointed members
D) A unicameral Congress where all states had one vote
  • 33. Which states did the New Jersey Plan generally favor?
A) The most highly populated states
B) States proposing a bicameral legislature
C) States with large delegations
D) The less-populous states
  • 34. Whose philosophy did the New Jersey Plan use to rely on received procedure?
A) Montesquieu
B) John Locke
C) Edward Coke
D) English Whigs such as Edmund Burke
  • 35. Whose jurisprudence did the New Jersey Plan use to emphasize sovereignty of the legislature?
A) John Locke
B) William Blackstone
C) Oliver Ellsworth
D) Alexander Hamilton
  • 36. On what date did the Convention devolve into the Committee of the Whole?
A) May 31
B) May 25
C) June 19
D) June 13
  • 37. On what date were the Virginia resolutions reported out of committee in amended form?
A) June 19
B) June 13
C) May 31
D) May 14
  • 38. On what date were delegates rejecting the New Jersey Plan?
A) June 13, 1787
B) May 25, 1787
C) June 19, 1787
D) May 31, 1787
  • 39. How many states voted in favor of the New Jersey Plan when it was defeated?
A) One
B) Three
C) Seven
D) Twelve
  • 40. How many states voted against the New Jersey Plan?
A) One
B) Seven
C) Twelve
D) Three
  • 41. How many states were recorded as divided when voting on the New Jersey Plan?
A) Seven
B) Twelve
C) One
D) Three
  • 42. Which delegate from Virginia proposed a supreme court veto over national legislation?
A) Wilson
B) Hamilton
C) Madison
D) Marshall
  • 43. Which delegate from Pennsylvania proposed a supreme court veto over national legislation alongside Madison?
A) Hamilton
B) Ellsworth
C) Burke
D) Wilson
  • 44. The proposal for a supreme court veto closely resembled the system in which state's 1777 Constitution?
A) Pennsylvania
B) Virginia
C) Connecticut
D) New York
  • 45. How many times was Madison's proposal for a supreme court veto defeated?
A) Four times
B) Three times
C) Once
D) Twice
  • 46. What replaced Madison's proposed supreme court veto?
A) A legislative veto with judicial override
B) A unanimous state vote
C) A council of revision
D) A presidential veto with congressional override
  • 47. Who argued for Supreme Court judicial review of acts of state legislature in Pennsylvania?
A) Edmund Burke
B) James Wilson
C) John Marshall
D) Oliver Ellsworth
  • 48. Who argued for Supreme Court judicial review of acts of state legislature in Connecticut?
A) Alexander Hamilton
B) Oliver Ellsworth
C) James Wilson
D) John Marshall
  • 49. According to Federalist No. 78, where does the preservation of the people's authority over legislatures particularly rest?
A) With the executive
B) With the state governors
C) With judges
D) With the English Whigs
  • 50. On what date did the Constitution supersede the Articles of Confederation?
A) March 4, 1789
B) May 25, 1787
C) September 17, 1787
D) March 1, 1781
  • 51. What concepts are embodied in Articles IV, V, and VI?
A) Reconstruction
B) Federalism
C) The Bill of Rights
D) Separation of powers
  • 52. What power did the Articles of Confederation give to the central government?
A) Extensive taxing and enforcement powers
B) Sole authority to regulate all state laws
C) Little power
D) Absolute monarchical power
  • 53. What size was the nation's army under the Articles?
A) 625-man army
B) 50,000-man army
C) 10,000-man army
D) 100-man army
  • 54. Which nation closed New Orleans to American commerce despite U.S. protests?
A) Britain
B) Canada
C) France
D) Spain
  • 55. When did the inter-state Annapolis convention take place?
A) March 1781
B) September 1786
C) February 1787
D) August 1787
  • 56. Which state positively refused to pay U.S. assessments for two years?
A) Massachusetts
B) Georgia
C) Connecticut
D) New York
  • 57. During which rebellion could Congress provide no money to support an endangered constituent state?
A) Whiskey Rebellion
B) Shays' Rebellion
C) Bacon's Rebellion
D) Stono Rebellion
  • 58. Who raised funds from Boston merchants to pay for a volunteer army during Shays' Rebellion?
A) Rufus King
B) General George Washington
C) General Benjamin Lincoln
D) James Madison
  • 59. What was another name for the Connecticut Compromise?
A) The Committee of Detail
B) The Three-Fifths Compromise
C) The Southern Accommodation
D) The Great Compromise
  • 60. What did the South's agricultural economies depend upon?
A) Foreign trade tariffs
B) Slave labor
C) Industrial manufacturing
D) Paid immigrant labor
  • 61. For how many years did the delegates agree to protect the slave trade to satisfy Southern interests?
A) 80 years
B) 10 years
C) 20 years
D) 50 years
  • 62. What fraction of slaves did the Three-Fifths Compromise allow states to count for representation?
A) Three-fifths
B) One-quarter
C) One-half
D) Two-thirds
  • 63. Who was a member of the Committee of Detail representing Massachusetts?
A) Gouverneur Morris
B) Nathaniel Gorham
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) Rufus King
  • 64. How many articles plus a preamble were in the constitution presented by the Committee of Detail?
A) Thirty-nine
B) Twenty-three
C) Seven
D) Twelve
  • 65. Who was a member of the Committee of Style and Arrangement representing New York?
A) John Rutledge
B) Edmund Randolph
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) James Madison
  • 66. Who was the primary author of the final draft's seven articles, preamble, and closing endorsement?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) Gouverneur Morris
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) James Madison
  • 67. Who handwritten the original U.S. Constitution on five pages of parchment?
A) Jacob Shallus
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Gouverneur Morris
D) Benjamin Franklin
  • 68. How many total delegates signed the Constitution?
A) Twenty-three
B) Thirty-nine
C) Twelve
D) Eleven
  • 69. How many state delegations agreed to the final proposal at the end of the convention, alongside the lone remaining delegate from New York?
A) Twelve
B) Eleven
C) Nine
D) Thirteen
  • 70. How did members of the Congress of the Confederation vote when forwarding the proposal to the states?
A) A two-thirds majority
B) Unanimously
C) By a narrow majority
D) They rejected it
  • 71. Which article of the proposed Constitution outlined the ratification process?
A) Article III
B) Article VII
C) Article V
D) Article I
  • 72. What fraction of states does nine out of thirteen represent?
A) Unanimous
B) A simple majority
C) A two-thirds majority
D) A three-fourths majority
  • 73. What were the supporters of the Constitution called?
A) Confederates
B) Anti-Federalists
C) Federalists
D) Republicans
  • 74. What were the opponents of the Constitution called?
A) Anti-Federalists
B) Federalists
C) Nationalists
D) Loyalists
  • 75. Which state was the first to ratify the Constitution?
A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) New Jersey
D) Delaware
  • 76. What was the vote count for Delaware's ratification?
A) 46-23
B) 50-10
C) 13-0
D) 30-0
  • 77. What was the vote count for Pennsylvania's ratification?
A) 50-25
B) 30-0
C) 10-5
D) 46-23
  • 78. What did the Federalists promise to add to secure individual liberties?
A) A new president
B) A trade embargo
C) Amendments
D) More land
  • 79. How much land did the Congress of Confederation agree to acquire for a permanent capital?
A) 200 square miles
B) 10 square miles
C) 50 square miles
D) 100 square miles
  • 80. What forced Rhode Island to ratify the Constitution?
A) The passage of the Bill of Rights
B) A unanimous vote by Congress
C) Pressure from New York
D) A threatened trade embargo
  • 81. In what year did Congress enact a new system regarding circuit and district courts?
A) 1789
B) 1795
C) 1891
D) 1796
  • 82. Under the 1891 system, what jurisdiction did district courts have?
A) Exclusive regional appeals jurisdiction
B) Discretionary jurisdiction
C) Pendent jurisdiction
D) Original jurisdiction
  • 83. What kind of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court hold regarding appeals after 1891?
A) Mandatory circuit jurisdiction
B) Discretionary jurisdiction
C) Original jurisdiction
D) Exclusive regional jurisdiction
  • 84. Did the framers contemplate the idea of judicial review?
A) No
B) It was strictly forbidden by them
C) Only the Supreme Court justices did
D) Yes
  • 85. By what doctrine do federal courts give 'full faith and credit' to State Courts?
A) Res judicata
B) Pendent jurisdiction
C) Discretionary jurisdiction
D) Judicial review
  • 86. Under what jurisdiction are two conflicting federal laws if one presents a strict constitutional issue?
A) Original jurisdiction
B) Pendent jurisdiction
C) Discretionary jurisdiction
D) Circuit jurisdiction
  • 87. Which amendment gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states?
A) Fourteenth Amendment
B) Seventeenth Amendment
C) Fifteenth Amendment
D) Sixteenth Amendment
  • 88. The Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution was partly based on common law and what historical document?
A) Petition of Right
B) Virginia Charter of 1606
C) English Bill of Rights
D) Magna Carta
  • 89. In what year was the Magna Carta signed?
A) 1689
B) 1808
C) 1776
D) 1215
  • 90. What did Thomas Jefferson maintain that most European governments were?
A) Egalitarian federations
B) Direct democracies
C) Constitutional republics
D) Autocratic monarchies
  • 91. What shared requirement is found in both the English Bill of Rights and the American Bill of Rights?
A) Universal suffrage
B) Jury trials
C) A federal income tax
D) A bicameral legislature
  • 92. Which historian and archaeologist claims the evidence of Haudenosaunee influence is largely coincidental and circumstantial?
A) Philip Levy
B) Bruce Johansen
C) Donald Grinde
D) John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt
  • 93. Who is noted as the most outspoken critic of the Haudenosaunee influence thesis?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) William Starna
C) Gouverneur Morris
D) Elisabeth Tooker
  • 94. Where was John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt born?
A) Albany
B) Tuscarora Indian Reservation
C) Pennsylvania
D) Smithsonian Institution
  • 95. What was John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt's profession at the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology?
A) Framers Committee Chair
B) Ethnologist
C) Constitutional Scholar
D) Archaeologist
  • 96. Was the Albany Plan of Union accepted or rejected?
A) Accepted unanimously
B) Rejected
C) Modified into the Preamble
D) Adopted as the first 10 amendments
  • 97. What is the introductory paragraph of the Constitution called?
A) Albany Plan
B) Article V
C) Closing Endorsement
D) Preamble
  • 98. What do the seven Articles of the Constitution define?
A) The government's framework
B) The six goals of the Preamble
C) The Haudenosaunee Confederacy
D) The names of the 39 framers
  • 99. Which state was Gouverneur Morris from?
A) Pennsylvania
B) New York
C) Tuscarora
D) Albany
  • 100. What did Gouverneur Morris substitute in place of the names of the states?
A) 'We the People'
B) 'of the United States'
C) 'the Thirteen Colonies'
D) 'our Posterity'
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