Geology Unit Pretest

1. Mid-ocean ridges are

A) found only in the Pacific Ocean.
B) located along the coast.
C) long deep-ocean trenches.
D) found in all of Earth's ocean's.

2. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

A) convection currents.
B) conduction.
C) earthquakes.
D) Earth's magnetic field.

3. A place where two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

A) transform boundary.
B) convergent boundary.
C) rift valley.
D) divergent boundary.

4. 4. Where can most earthquake epicenters and volcanoes be found?

A) At the equator
B) At the North Pole
C) At plate boundaries

5. What type of earthquake wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

A) s waves
B) p waves.
C) surface waves
D) rift valley.

6. If geologists detect small earthquakes in an area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?

A) It is a good source of energy.
B) It is extinct.
C) It is probably ready to erupt.
D) It is dormant.

7. Sedimentary rocks are _____.

A) formed below Earth’s surface as magma
B) a type of foliated igneous rock
C) formed by great heat
D) formed from already existing rocks that are weathered and eroded

8. What is the correct order of the Earth's layers (starting at the surface)?

A) mantle, core, crust, inner core
B) outer core, mantle, inner core , crust
C) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
D) crust, outer core, mantle, inner core

9. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called

A) rock.
B) fire.
C) magma.
D) volcanic ash.

10. The place where two plates collide or compress together is known as a

A) convergent boundary.
B) rift valley.
C) transform boundary.
D) divergent boundary.

11. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

A) subduction.
B) convention.
C) continental drift.
D) conduction.

12. During sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

A) along the edge of the continents.
B) along the edges of the coast.
C) at the north and south poles.
D) along mid-ocean ridges.

13. The type of seismic waves that occur first are called

A) p waves.
B) surface waves.
C) s waves.
D) q waves.

14. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary forms

A) mountains.
B) trenches.
C) rifts.
D) valleys.

15. The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of

A) boundary.
B) subduction.
C) sea-floor spreading
D) plate tectonics.

16. Geologists cannot yet predict earthquakes because

A) there are too many faults to monitor.
B) they have too much data.
C) they can't be sure of when or where the stress will be released along the fault.
D) they don't know what an earthquake is.

17. What is Pangaea?

A) the name of the supercontinent that is believed to have existed millions of years ago.
B) the name of a scientist.
C) name of a continent.
D) the name of an ancient fossil.

18. Earth's INNER core is

A) empty.
B) a layer of cooled rock.
C) a dense ball of iron and nickel.
D) layer of hot magma.

19. This type of rock is formed by the solidification of molten magma:

A) Igneous
B) Sedimentary
C) Metamorphic
D) Chemical

20. The plates move/float on top of the ________________

A) Mantle
B) Crust
C) Core
D) Asthenosphere

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