Geology Unit Pretest

1. Mid-ocean ridges are

A) found only in the Pacific Ocean.
B) found in all of Earth's ocean's.
C) located along the coast.
D) long deep-ocean trenches.

2. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

A) conduction.
B) Earth's magnetic field.
C) convection currents.
D) earthquakes.

3. A place where two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

A) divergent boundary.
B) rift valley.
C) convergent boundary.
D) transform boundary.

4. 4. Where can most earthquake epicenters and volcanoes be found?

A) At plate boundaries
B) At the equator
C) At the North Pole

5. What type of earthquake wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

A) surface waves
B) p waves.
C) rift valley.
D) s waves

6. If geologists detect small earthquakes in an area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?

A) It is a good source of energy.
B) It is probably ready to erupt.
C) It is extinct.
D) It is dormant.

7. Sedimentary rocks are _____.

A) a type of foliated igneous rock
B) formed below Earth’s surface as magma
C) formed by great heat
D) formed from already existing rocks that are weathered and eroded

8. What is the correct order of the Earth's layers (starting at the surface)?

A) outer core, mantle, inner core , crust
B) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
C) crust, outer core, mantle, inner core
D) mantle, core, crust, inner core

9. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called

A) magma.
B) rock.
C) fire.
D) volcanic ash.

10. The place where two plates collide or compress together is known as a

A) rift valley.
B) transform boundary.
C) convergent boundary.
D) divergent boundary.

11. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

A) conduction.
B) convention.
C) continental drift.
D) subduction.

12. During sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

A) along the edges of the coast.
B) along mid-ocean ridges.
C) along the edge of the continents.
D) at the north and south poles.

13. The type of seismic waves that occur first are called

A) p waves.
B) q waves.
C) surface waves.
D) s waves.

14. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary forms

A) rifts.
B) mountains.
C) valleys.
D) trenches.

15. The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of

A) subduction.
B) plate tectonics.
C) sea-floor spreading
D) boundary.

16. Geologists cannot yet predict earthquakes because

A) they can't be sure of when or where the stress will be released along the fault.
B) they don't know what an earthquake is.
C) there are too many faults to monitor.
D) they have too much data.

17. What is Pangaea?

A) name of a continent.
B) the name of an ancient fossil.
C) the name of a scientist.
D) the name of the supercontinent that is believed to have existed millions of years ago.

18. Earth's INNER core is

A) layer of hot magma.
B) a dense ball of iron and nickel.
C) empty.
D) a layer of cooled rock.

19. This type of rock is formed by the solidification of molten magma:

A) Chemical
B) Metamorphic
C) Sedimentary
D) Igneous

20. The plates move/float on top of the ________________

A) Crust
B) Core
C) Asthenosphere
D) Mantle

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