Razul-Aparecio-Criminal Law 2 - CM3E
  • 1. Under the Revised Penal Code, treason is committed by _______________________.
A) Any person who incites others to war
B) Any Filipino or resident alien who criticizes the Philippine government
C) A Filipino citizen or resident alien who levies war against the Philippines or adheres to its enemies
D) Any public official who abuses authority
  • 2. When can treason be committed?
A) In times of war
B) In times of economic crisis
C) During a declared national emergency
D) By members of the military only
  • 3. The essential element of "adherence to the enemy" involves ______________.
A) Supporting local protests
B) Wishing the enemy to win the war
C) Giving the enemy aid or comfort
D) Filing a case against the government
  • 4. Who may be held liable for treason under the RPC?
A) Only resident aliens residing in the country
B) Only natural-born Filipino citizens
C) Only members of the Armed Forces
D) Filipino citizens and resident aliens of the Philippines
  • 5. Which of the following best illustrates the crime of treason?
A) Refusing to vote in an election
B) Spying for a foreign nation during peacetime
C) Publishing anti-government blogs
D) Paying taxes to a foreign occupying force
  • 6. What is the minimum number of witnesses required to convict someone of treason based on overt acts?
A) Three witnesses
B) Two witnesses
C) One credible witness
D) No witness needed if there is extra-judicial confession
  • 7. In the crime of searching domicile without witnesses, ______________ is always required.
A) arrest warrant
B) Search warrant
C) presence of two witnesses
D) owner's consent
  • 8. What distinguishes treason from other crimes against national security?
A) It involves a betrayal of allegiance to the state
B) It can be committed by any person regardless of nationality
C) It is only punishable by administrative sanction
D) It only occurs during peacetime
  • 9. The following are elements of treason, except:
A) There is overt participation in protests
B) The accused adheres to the enemy, giving them aid or comfort
C) There is a war in which the Philippines is involved
D) The accused is a Filipino citizen or resident
  • 10. Under Article 116 of the Revised Penal Code, Misprision of Treason is committed by a person who __________________.
A) Conspires with others to commit treason
B) Files a false report of treason
C) Has knowledge of treason and fails to report it without taking part in the crime
D) Joins a rebellion against the government
  • 11. A search warrant shall be valid for ____ days from its issuance.
A) Twenty days
B) Thirty days
C) Ten days
D) Fifteen days
  • 12. Which of the following statements is true regarding misprision of treason?
A) The offender must be a direct accomplice to the treason
B) The crime requires a conspiracy
C) The crime can be committed even without actual knowledge of the treason
D) The offender knows about the treason and fails to report it
  • 13. Gaara, a Filipino blogger, publishes online articles urging the Philippine government to attack a foreign country after a diplomatic dispute. What crime might he be liable for?
A) Sedition
B) Treason
C) Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals
D) Espionage
  • 14. During a conflict between Country Konoha and Country Suna, which the Philippines is not part of, Juan Enrile volunteers as a soldier for Country Konoha. What crime could this constitute?
A) Treason
B) Violation of neutrality
C) Inciting war
D) Rebellion
  • 15. A retired general writes to a general of a hostile nation during wartime, reminiscing about past operations and unintentionally revealing strategic details. What crime was committed, if any?
A) Espionage
B) Conspiracy to commit treason
C) Illegal possession of information
D) Correspondence with a hostile country
  • 16. Country A and Country B are at war, a College professor from Fullbright writes an open letter addressed to Country A’s leader during wartime criticizing the Philippines and offering to mediate peace talks. Was there a crime committed?
A) Yes, for violation of neutrality
B) Yes, for inciting war
C) Yes, for correspondence with a hostile country
D) Yes, for rebellion
  • 17. A businessman distributes leaflets calling for trade blockades and public burning of foreign flags. He could be charged with ________________ due to this act.
A) Economic sabotage
B) Defamation
C) Misinformation
D) Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals
  • 18. Pedro, a Filipino student, sends a postcard to his girlfriend residing in a hostile country during wartime without discussing politics. What is the crime committed, if any?
A) No criminal liability
B) Espionage
C) Correspondence with a hostile country
D) Treason
  • 19. A group of armed men boards a 3GO passenger ferry while sailing through the Balabac waters and robs all passengers at gunpoint. Under which law is this act punishable?
A) Highway Robbery Law
B) Anti-Terrorism Act
C) Revised Penal Code, Article 122
D) Presidential Decree No. 532
  • 20. While docked at Puerto Princesa City port, the ship captain forbade all crews and passengers from disembarking from the ship. A crew member wanting to take a stroll at Baybay starts threatening other crew and passengers with a gun to allow them to disembark. What is the crime committed,, if any?
A) Piracy under P.D. 532
B) Robbery in band
C) Illegal possession of firearms
D) Mutiny under the RPC
  • 21. If piracy is committed with homicide, rape, or physical injuries, under the RPC, the crime becomes ___________________.
A) Robbery in band
B) Qualified piracy
C) Special complex crime of robbery with homicide
D) Complex crime of piracy with homicide
  • 22. Arbitrary detention can only be committed by _______________
A) Police officers
B) Pubic officer without the duty to detain or order detention
C) Public officers or employees
D) Any private person
  • 23. What is the maximum period for a public officer to bring a person to judicial authorities if the alleged offense is punishable by light penalties?
A) 24 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 18 hours
D) 6 hours
  • 24. Officer Duterte arrests a person for violation of RA 9165 but keeps him in jail for 48 hours without filing any charges. What crime may the officer be liable for?
A) Delay in delivery to judicial authorities
B) Delaying release
C) Illegal Detention
D) Arbitrary detention
  • 25. In Article 124 (Arbitrary Detention), which of the following is not an element of the crime?
A) The offender is a public officer with duty to arrest/detain
B) He detains a person
C) There is no legal ground for the detention
D) The person is guilty of a crime
  • 26. If a warden fails to release a prisoner despite a lawful release order, he commits _______________.
A) Malicious mischief
B) Delaying release
C) Arbitrary detention
D) Disobedience of superior orders
  • 27. A mayor orders a foreigner who legally resides in his town to leave, without due process or lawful authority. This act constitutes:
A) Violation of Domicile
B) Abuse of authority
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Expulsion under Article 127
  • 28. Officer Santos detains a suspect for 8 hours for an offense punishable by arresto menor without filing charges. What violation has he committed?
A) Delaying release
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Delay in the delivery of detained persons
D) He committed no crime
  • 29. The term “judicial authorities” under Article 125 refers to ____________
A) The President
B) Judge or courts
C) Any member of the PNP
D) City or municipal officials
  • 30. Police officers enter a person’s home at 2:00 a.m. with a warrant and the occupant’s consent. What crime has been committed, if any?
A) Arbitrary detention
B) No crime was committed
C) Violation of domicile
D) Trespassing
  • 31. Officer Cruz conducts a valid search with a warrant but opens and searches rooms not included in the warrant. What is he liable for, if any?
A) Abuse in the service of a legally obtained search warrant
B) Violation of domicile
C) Nothing, as the search warrant was issued
D) Arbitrary detention
  • 32. Which of the following scenarios would not constitute a violation of domicile under Article 128?
A) Entering a house at night without a warrant or consent
B) Entering a house surreptitiously
C) Refusing to leave after being told to do so by the occupant
D) Forcing entry during the day without legal grounds
  • 33. Entry into a dwelling without a search warrant is allowed when _______________.
A) The officer is off duty
B) It is nighttime
C) The occupant consents
D) There is suspicion of a crime
  • 34. Violation of domicile under Article 128 can only be committed by _______________.
A) Any person
B) Private security guards
C) Homeowners
D) Public officers or law enforcement personnel
  • 35. A person lights firecrackers in front of a church during mass, disrupting the service. He can be charged with _______________.
A) Offending religious worship
B) prohibition of assembly.
C) Disturbance of proceeding
D) Disturbance of religious worship
  • 36. A crime committed by any person, who, owing allegiance to the Government, attempts to flee or go to an enemy country when prohibited by a competent authority.
A) Treason
B) Violation of Domicile
C) Correspondence with a Hostile Country
D) Flight to Enemy’s Country
  • 37. What is the primary objective of espionage?
A) To prevent criminal activities in local communitie
B) To support public diplomacy
C) To promote international trade
D) To gather confidential information for a foreign government
  • 38. If a person to whom the proposal is made agrees and decides to commit treason, said person and the proponent shall be held liable for the “crime of conspiracy to commit treason”; the proponent cannot be separately held responsible for proposal to commit treason since conspiracy to commit treason absorbs proposal to commit treason. This is known as the _____________________?
A) Doctrine of Absorption
B) Doctrine of Dissolution
C) Doctrine of Conspiracy
D) Doctrine of Cooperation
  • 39. During an armed conflict, Marco, a Filipino citizen, secretly provides enemy forces with classified information about the Philippine military’s troop locations. He also appears in an online broadcast encouraging Filipino soldiers to surrender and support the enemy. After the conflict, Marco is arrested and charged in court. Which of the following best describes Marco’s criminal liability?
A) He is not liable because freedom of speech allows him to express his opinions during wartime.
B) He is only liable for espionage because he shared information, not allegiance.
C) He cannot be charged because treason applies only to government officials.
D) He can be charged with treason for giving aid and comfort to the enemy.
  • 40. _____________ refers to the obligation of fidelity and obedience which the individuals owe to the government under which they live or sojourn.
A) Domicile
B) Nationality
C) Loyalty
D) Citizenship
E) Allegiance
  • 41. Every person owing allegiance to the government having knowledge of any conspiracy against the government who conceals or does not disclose as soon as possible to the governor or fiscal of the province is considered an ___________ to the crime of treason.
A) Accession
B) Accomplice
C) Accessory
D) Principal
E) Conspirator
  • 42. While visiting the Kalayaan Group of Islands, Donald, a foreign national, takes detailed photographs of a restricted naval installation using a high-powered camera. He was not able to send the photographs as he was intercepted by the guards. It was revealed that his purpose for coming was to get information on the naval base though he claimed he did not intend to harm the Philippines and he was not able to send the photographs anyway. Which statement is most accurate?
A) Donald is not liable because espionage requires proof of intent to wage war against the Philippines
B) Donald is liable for espionage because he obtained information regarding national defense regardless of his claimed intent.
C) Donald is not liable because he is not a Filipino citizen owing allegiance to the Philippines.
D) Donald is liable only if the photographs were actually used to damage national security.
  • 43. There was an impending war between Israel and Iran which the Philippines is not involved, to ensure safety President Marcos immediately issued an order that no Filipinos shall be allowed to go to Iran. Miss A, having procured a ticket and hotel accommodations, talked to someone in Iran and managed to get out of the Philippines and arrived at Iran. Is Miss A liable under the RPC for going to Iran?
A) Yes, Miss A is liable for flight to enemy’s country.
B) No, Miss A is not liable under the RPC but to a special law.
C) None of the above.
D) Yes, Miss A is liable for violation of neutrality.
E) No, Miss A is not liable for any crime under the RPC.
  • 44. Which is NOT an element of a crime of flight to enemy’s country?
A) There is a war in which the Philippines is involved.
B) The offender secretly gathers military information before leaving the Philippines.
C) The offender must be owing allegiance to the Philippine Government.
D) The offender goes to the enemy country with intent to adhere to the enemy.
  • 45. Piracy under the RPC is not committed when ________________.
A) The vessel is in Philippine waters.
B) The vessel is on the high seas.
C) The offender is a member of its complement or passengers of the vessel.
D) The offenders seized the equipment personal belongings of the passengers.
  • 46. __________ refers to the unlawful resistance to a superior officer, or the raising of commotions and disturbances on board a ship against the authority of the commander.
A) Piracy under the RPC
B) None of the above
C) Piracy under P.D. 532
D) Insubordination to superior officer
E) Mutiny
  • 47. Under P.D. 532, who can be held criminally liable for acts of piracy?
A) Any person participating in the attack, whether on board or from outside the vessel.
B) Only the captain of the vessel.
C) None of the above
D) Only passengers of the vessel
E) Only government officials.
  • 48. What are the periods of detention that are penalized?
A) 3 days, 15 days, 12 months
B) 3 days, 15 days, 6 months
C) 3 days, 18 days, 6 months
D) 8 days, 15 days, 6 months
  • 49. The period of detention for crimes punishable by correctional penalties shall be _____ in order to prevent violation of Art. 125.
A) 18 hours
B) 36 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 12 hours
  • 50. All are acts punishable under Art. 126 or Delaying Release except ___________.
A) Unduly delaying the proceedings upon a petition for the prisoner’s release.
B) Failing to deliver an arrested person to the proper judicial authorities within the period fixed by law.
C) Delaying the service of notice of a judicial order directing the prisoner’s release.
D) Delaying the performance of a judicial or executive order for the prisoner’s release.
  • 51. All are acts constituting violation of domicile except _____.
A) Refusing to leave the premises after having surreptitiously entered the dwelling.
B) Entering a dwelling against the will of the owner without a judicial order.
C) Entering the dwelling by virtue of a valid search warrant at night.
D) Searching papers or effects inside the dwelling without the owner’s consent.
  • 52. At 10:00 p.m., police officers went to Carlo’s house to question him about a theft case. Without a warrant, they knocked, and Carlo opened the door slightly. The officers immediately pushed the door open, entered the house, and began looking around. Carlo repeatedly objected and asked them to leave, but they continued searching, claiming it was part of their investigation. No emergency or hot pursuit existed. Which statement is most accurate?
A) The officers are not liable because police may enter a house anytime while conducting an investigation of a crime.
B) The officers are not liable because Carlo opened the door, which amounts to implied consent to enter.
C) The officers are liable for violation of domicile because they entered and searched the house against the occupant’s will without a warrant or lawful ground.
D) The officers are liable only if they actually seized property from inside the house.
  • 53. Police officers searched Ana’s house through a valid search warrant and in her presence. They conducted the search without any member of the household or two witnesses from the neighborhood present. Was the rime of searching domicile without witnesses committed?
A) No, it was not
B) It depends
C) Yes, it was
  • 54. All acts constitute Prohibition, Interruption, and Dissolution of Peaceful Meetings except __________.
A) Authorities disperse a peaceful meeting merely because they disagree with the views expressed.
B) A public officer interrupts a lawful gathering by threats, intimidation, or force.
C) A public officer prevents a group from holding a lawful assembly without legal justification.
D) Authorities disperse an assembly because it becomes violent and poses a clear danger to public safety.
  • 55. While a mass was being peacefully celebrated, a police officer entered the church and ordered everyone to stop without apparent reason. Is the officer liable?
A) No, because police officers may stop any public gatherings.
B) Yes, only if he used physical force.
C) No, because no one was arrested.
D) Yes, because he interrupted a religious ceremony without lawful reason.
  • 56. During a religious service inside a church, Ramon began giving a loud “comedy commentary” about the rituals, imitating the officiating minister and making sarcastic remarks that caused laughter among his companions but offended several worshippers. He claimed he was only expressing his personal views and did not intend to stop the ceremony. Which is the most accurate statement?
A) Ramon is not liable because freedom of speech protects all expressions of opinion inside religious places.
B) Ramon is not liable because the ceremony was not actually interrupted.
C) Ramon is liable because acts notoriously offensive to religious feelings, even if framed as jokes, are punishable when done in a place of worship during a ceremony.
D) Ramon is liable only if he intended to insult a particular religion.
  • 57. Police officers arrested Miguel at his home without a warrant. They did not inform him of the reason for the arrest and held him in a detention cell for three days before releasing him without charges. Which of the following best describes the offense committed?
A) Delaying Release in the delivery of detained persons
B) Illegal Detention
C) Arbitrary Arrest
D) Arbitrary Detention
  • 58. Probable cause is defined as _____________.
A) The mere suspicion that a person may have committed a crime.
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt that a person committed the crime.
C) A belief based on a tip or rumor.
D) A reasonable ground or belief, supported by facts and circumstances, that a person has committed or is committing an offense.
  • 59. Y is a police officer who was removed from service due to corruption. He jokingly detained his friend in a makeshift cell and released him after 3 hours. Is Y liable for arbitrary detention?
A) Yes, Y is liable
B) It depends
C) No, Y is not liable
  • 60. Being a member of the organization of traitors is constitutive of an overt act of treason. True or false?
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
  • 61. A public officer may commit a violation of domicile although he is provided with a search warrant in cases of abuse in the service of search warrants or searching domicile without witnesses. True or false?
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
  • 62. Arbitrary detention is committed by any public officer or employee who detains a person without legal grounds. True or false?
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
  • 63. The crime of offending the religious feelings can only be committed by public officers
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
  • 64. The crime of arbitrary detention under Article 124 may be committed by a private individual.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
  • 65. The crime of expulsion can be committed by any person.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
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