- 1. The African National Congress (ANC) is a South African political party and the country’s ruling party since the dawn of democracy in 1994. Founded in 1912, the ANC emerged as a response to the institutionalized racial discrimination of apartheid, which sought to disenfranchise and marginalize the non-white population of South Africa. The ANC has been instrumental in the struggle for civil rights and equality, advocating for non-violent protests and later engaging in armed resistance against the oppressive regime. Under the leadership of prominent figures such as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, the ANC galvanized widespread support both domestically and internationally, leading to negotiations that culminated in the end of apartheid and the first multiracial elections in 1994. As a centrist political party, the ANC promotes a platform centered around social justice, economic transformation, and national unity, while also facing challenges such as corruption, governance issues, and internal divisions. The party is deeply rooted in the history of South Africa and continues to play a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s future, as it seeks to address the legacies of past inequalities and to foster inclusive growth and development in a diverse society.
What year was the African National Congress (ANC) founded?
A) 1980
B) 1961
C) 1912
D) 1944
- 2. What was the original name of the African National Congress?
A) Native African Alliance
B) South African Equality League
C) African National Party
D) South African Native National Congress
- 3. Who was the first president of the ANC?
A) John Langalibalele Dube
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Walter Sisulu
D) Nelson Mandela
- 4. In which year did the ANC adopt the Freedom Charter?
A) 1961
B) 1949
C) 1955
D) 1994
- 5. Which major event did the ANC organize in 1960?
A) Sharpeville Massacre protest
B) Defiance Campaign
C) ANC Youth League formation
D) Soweto Uprising
- 6. Who was imprisoned for 27 years and later became ANC president?
A) Jacob Zuma
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Cyril Ramaphosa
D) Nelson Mandela
- 7. What was the ANC's military wing called?
A) Umkhonto we Sizwe
B) Azanian People's Liberation Army
C) Black Consciousness Movement
D) African People's Liberation Army
- 8. What is the main political position of the ANC?
A) Far-left
B) Centre-right
C) Far-right
D) Centre-left
- 9. In which year did South Africa hold its first multiracial elections?
A) 1989
B) 1994
C) 1993
D) 1990
- 10. Which strategy did the ANC use to oppose apartheid from the 1980s?
A) Negotiation only
B) Isolationism
C) Mass mobilization
D) Armed conflict only
- 11. The ANC is a member of which international organization?
A) European Union
B) Commonwealth of Nations
C) Socialist International
D) African Union
- 12. What document outlines the ANC's vision for South Africa?
A) The National Development Plan
B) The Constitution
C) The Freedom Charter
D) The Rainbow Nation Report
- 13. Which South African political party was the main rival of the ANC during apartheid?
A) Economic Freedom Fighters
B) Democratic Alliance
C) National Party
D) African Christian Democratic Party
- 14. What was the impact of the ANC on international relations?
A) Advocated for sanctions against apartheid
B) Advocated for isolationism
C) Promoted apartheid regimes
D) Supported colonial powers
- 15. What year did Nelson Mandela pass away?
A) 2008
B) 2013
C) 2010
D) 2015
- 16. What was the primary goal of the ANC's Defiance Campaign?
A) Strengthen white minority rule
B) Negotiate independence
C) Increase military actions
D) Nonviolent resistance to apartheid laws
- 17. Which law made it illegal for black South Africans to vote?
A) Natives Act
B) Bantu Education Act
C) Group Areas Act
D) Freedom Charter
- 18. What is the ANC's youth organization called?
A) Young ANC
B) South African Youth Federation
C) African National Congress Youth League
D) Youth of South Africa
- 19. Which book did Nelson Mandela write while in prison?
A) A Biography of Nelson Mandela
B) The Struggle is My Life
C) Long Walk to Freedom
D) No Easy Walk to Freedom
- 20. What was Umkhonto we Sizwe?
A) A women's organization
B) A trade union
C) The armed wing of the ANC
D) A political youth league
- 21. Who succeeded Nelson Mandela as ANC president?
A) Cyril Ramaphosa
B) Jacob Zuma
C) Oliver Tambo
D) Thabo Mbeki
- 22. In which city was the ANC headquarters located during the apartheid era?
A) Durban
B) Cape Town
C) Johannesburg
D) Lusaka
- 23. Which economic policy did the ANC implement post-apartheid?
A) Socialism
B) NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa's Development)
C) GEAR (Growth, Employment and Redistribution)
D) Capitalism
- 24. Which international body condemned apartheid in South Africa?
A) Commonwealth of Nations
B) World Trade Organization
C) African Union
D) United Nations
- 25. Which critical trial occurred in 1964 involving ANC leaders?
A) The Trial of the Generals
B) The Cape Town Conspiracy
C) The Freedom Trial
D) The Rivonia Trial
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