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A) 45–55 m B) 10–20 m C) 30–45 m D) 70–80 m
A) Conifers, ferns, and cactuses B) Grass, shrubs, and bamboo C) Mangroves, palms, and algae D) Orchids, bromeliads, mosses and lichens
A) From rain and debris collecting on supporting plants B) From the soil beneath the trees C) From parasitic roots in the trunk D) From underground water reservoirs
A) 100 million B) 20 million C) 50 million D) 5 million
A) Crowned eagle B) Large flying fox C) Three-toed sloth D) King colobus
A) 45–55 m B) 30–45 m C) 80–100 m D) 10–20 m
A) Hot temperatures and strong winds B) Lack of sunlight and high pressure C) Flooding and drought D) Heavy snow and frost
A) Psittacus erithacus B) Bryophyta C) Orchidaceae D) Dipteryx panamensis
A) They decrease the biodiversity of the area B) They stop the growth of saplings C) They prevent sunlight from reaching the floor D) They allow for the establishment and growth of new trees
A) 75% B) 50% C) 90% D) 25%
A) Near the polar regions B) Within high-altitude deserts C) In temperate mountainous zones D) Around and near the equator
A) Temperature, rainfall, and dry season intensity B) Solar radiation, cloud cover, and salinity C) Altitude, latitude, and longitude D) Wind speed, humidity, and soil pH
A) Exactly 20 degrees Celsius B) Lower than 10 degrees Celsius C) Greater than 24 degrees Celsius D) Between 5 and 15 degrees Celsius
A) Greater than 10 m B) Exactly 0.5 m C) Less than 1 m D) Greater than 2 m
A) Productivity ecosystem temperature B) Precipitation energy threshold C) Potential evapotranspiration ratio D) Plant evaporation total
A) 25 °C B) 10 °C C) 18 °C D) 20 °C
A) 3,500 mm to 5,000 mm B) 500 mm to 1,000 mm C) 1,750 mm to 3,000 mm D) 1,000 mm to 1,500 mm
A) One third B) Two thirds C) One quarter D) Half
A) One tenth B) One quarter C) Two-thirds D) Half
A) 42,000 B) 807 C) 313 D) 1,500
A) Increased forest growth B) Natural volcanic activity C) Climate stabilization D) Human-driven habitat destruction
A) Habitat fragmentation B) Pharmacy research C) Heavy logging D) Agricultural expansion
A) World's largest pharmacy B) Nature's laboratory C) Green treasure chest D) Lungs of the earth
A) Canopy layer B) Emergent layer C) Forest floor D) Understory layer
A) Agricultural expansion B) Organic farming C) Scientific research D) Urban tourism
A) Global Green Accord B) Carbon Neutral Treaty C) REDD+ D) Rainforest Protection Initiative
A) It is high B) It is filtered by high-intensity sun C) It is low D) It is consistent
A) Laurasia B) Pangaea C) Gondwana D) Rodinia
A) New Guinea B) Northern Europe C) Madagascar D) Tropical America
A) Várzea B) Emergent forest C) Tropical mixed forest D) Cloud forest
A) Sea level B) Higher elevations C) Valleys D) Lower elevations
A) Várzea B) Understory C) Cloud forest D) Emergent layer
A) Boa constrictor B) Okapi C) Poison dart frog D) Leopard
A) The soil absorbs the waste immediately B) Warm, humid conditions promote rapid decay C) Strong winds blow the waste away D) Large animals consume the waste
A) Reptiles B) Large mammals C) Sunlight D) Fungi
A) 15% B) 5% C) 25% D) 2%
A) Larger leaves B) Lack of roots C) Brightly colored flowers D) Shorter stems
A) Sumatran rhinoceros B) Leopard C) Okapi D) Tapir
A) Oxisols are better drained B) Oxisols have higher clay content C) Oxisols are nutrient-rich D) Oxisols are young and unweathered
A) Bauxite concentration B) Physical properties C) Phosphorus levels D) Available nitrogen
A) Calcium carbonate B) Phosphorus C) Bauxite D) Limestone
A) Western Amazon B) Eastern Amazon C) Volcanic Costa Rica D) Andean foothills
A) Phosphorus B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Nitrogen
A) Leaching B) Respiration C) Photosynthesis D) Decomposition
A) Nitrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Phosphorus D) Oxygen
A) Phosphorus B) Nitrogen C) Carbon dioxide D) Oxygen
A) By measuring carbon dioxide release B) By measuring oxygen uptake C) By measuring plant height D) By measuring soil depth
A) Wind B) Precipitation C) Temperature D) Sunlight
A) Through surface or ground waters B) Through bark absorption C) Through animal waste D) Through direct atmospheric absorption
A) Deforestation B) Speciation C) Succession D) Endemism
A) Nutrient accumulation B) Increased sunlight C) Secondary growth D) A fallen tree
A) Secondary forests B) Deforested zones C) Primary climax forests D) Ancient refuges
A) Niche partitioning B) Interspecific competition C) Pleistocene refugia D) Secondary succession
A) Jürgen Haffer B) A group of Costa Rican scientists C) Charles Darwin D) Gregor Mendel
A) High-speed winds B) Human-made barriers C) Large mountain ranges D) Non-forest vegetation
A) It ignores the role of human activity B) It only applies to birds C) Genetic evidence suggests speciation occurred earlier D) It lacks clear definitions of species
A) Rainwater runoff only B) Atmospheric nitrogen C) Mineral dust D) Leaf litter
A) Penan B) Dayak C) Mbuti D) Lumad
A) Low soil fertility B) Lack of sunlight C) Excessive rainfall D) High biological diversity
A) Hardwood timber B) Honey C) Rubber D) Palm oil
A) Peru B) Brazil C) Indonesia D) Democratic Republic of the Congo
A) Oak B) Pine C) Ipe D) Cedar
A) Huaorani B) Dayak C) Mbuti D) Lumad
A) Terrace farming B) Hydroponics C) Industrial agriculture D) Slash-and-burn
A) Eliminates forest pests B) Preserves soil organic matter C) Prevents timber loss D) Increases rainfall
A) Negrito B) Amerindians C) Dayak D) Lumad
A) Yanomamö B) Aka C) Twa D) Penan
A) Yam B) Corn C) Wheat D) Potato
A) 251 B) 43 C) 250 D) 20
A) Resistant wild stock B) Artificial fertilizers C) Imported crop varieties D) Laboratory gene editing
A) 2015 B) 2019 C) 1985 D) 2020
A) 2060s B) 2040s C) 2050s D) 2030s
A) Government subsidies for crops B) Corporate deforestation permits C) Park-entrance fees D) Subsidies for logging equipment
A) Lowering of environmental awareness B) Reduction in wildlife population C) Replacement of native flora D) Increased public appreciation
A) Antarctica B) Europe C) North America D) Africa
A) 20 B) 250 C) 43 D) 251
A) Logging B) Yam farming C) Ecosystem services D) Sugarcane production
A) Iron B) Platinum C) Copper D) Gold
A) 25% B) 5% C) 50% D) 12%
A) 50% B) 75% C) 20% D) 90%
A) Constant cultivation B) Fallow periods C) Frequent irrigation D) Chemical fertilization
A) The government versus the police B) Urbanization versus rural expansion C) Livestock farming versus crop farming D) Individual farmers' needs versus global needs
A) Migrate to new continents B) Change their reproductive cycle C) Increase their territory size D) Use alternative resources |