North Cascades National Park - Quiz
  • 1. When did placer mining begin along the banks of the Skagit River?
A) In the 1920s
B) By the 1850s
C) In the 1870s
D) In the 1890s
  • 2. What type of mining replaced placer mining along Ruby Creek by the 1880s?
A) Placer mining for copper
B) Hard rock mining for silver and other minerals
C) Coal mining
D) Gold panning
  • 3. What were some of the challenges faced by miners in the North Cascades region?
A) Excessive rainfall and flooding
B) Short working seasons, difficult terrain, low quantities of ore, and lack of financial investment
C) Overabundance of ore
D) Easy access to resources
  • 4. What did miners build to facilitate their operations in the backcountry?
A) Underground tunnels
B) Some of the first trails and roads, including bridges and dynamited rock ledges
C) Airports
D) Railroads
  • 5. What was the purpose of the flumes built by one mining company?
A) To irrigate crops
B) To transport lumber and supply water for hydraulic mining operations
C) For recreational boating
D) To provide drinking water to miners
  • 6. Which metals were mined in larger operations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
A) Silver, lead, and gold
B) Tin and nickel
C) Copper and zinc
D) Iron and coal
  • 7. Why was mining not consistently profitable in the North Cascades region?
A) The demand for metals fluctuated greatly, affecting prices
B) Mining technology was advanced
C) Miners had too much financial investment
D) There was an oversupply of minerals
  • 8. What happened to some privately owned mining inholdings after the region became a national park?
A) Some remained, such as the Thunder Creek mine
B) All were immediately closed down
C) They were sold to foreign companies
D) They were converted into tourist attractions
  • 9. How did logging impact the future North Cascades National Park?
A) The entire region was logged for commercial purposes
B) It led to extensive deforestation within the park boundaries
C) It had little impact due to rugged terrain and more viable timber resources elsewhere
D) Logging was the primary industry in the area
  • 10. What event led to an expansion of logging in the North Cascades region?
A) The discovery of gold
B) The establishment of the national park
C) A severe drought
D) The commencement of the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project by Seattle City Light in the 1920s
  • 11. How much timber was left underwater due to the Ross Dam project?
A) Almost 12,000 acres (4,900 ha)
B) 5,000 acres (2,023 ha)
C) 50 acres (20.23 ha)
D) 20,000 acres (8,094 ha)
  • 12. When was the contract to extract timber for the Ross Dam project awarded?
A) In 1945
B) In 1958
C) In 1935
D) In 1920
  • 13. Are any of the areas extensively logged for the Ross Dam project within the current boundaries of North Cascades National Park?
A) Only partially, some areas were within the park
B) No, they are in the adjoining Ross Lake National Recreation Area
C) The entire region was converted into a national park
D) Yes, all logging occurred within the park
  • 14. What is the most expansive glacial system in the contiguous United States found in North Cascades National Park?
A) Appalachian Mountains
B) The North Cascades Range
C) Rocky Mountains
D) Sierra Nevada
  • 15. Which mountain range is featured prominently in North Cascades National Park?
A) Olympic Mountains
B) North Cascades Range
C) Coastal Range
D) Cascade Range
  • 16. When was North Cascades National Park designated as a national park?
A) July 4, 1976
B) October 2, 1968
C) June 15, 1985
D) September 1, 1950
  • 17. What is the primary mode of access to North Cascades National Park?
A) Washington State Route 97
B) State Route 20
C) U.S. Highway 2
D) Interstate 90
  • 18. What material was mined near Hozomeen Mountain for tool fabrication?
A) Obsidian
B) Flint
C) Quartzite
D) Hozomeen chert
  • 19. How long were the Skagit lodges typically?
A) 200 feet (61 m)
B) 50 feet (15 m)
C) 100 feet (30 m)
D) 150 feet (45 m)
  • 20. In what year was Fort Okanogan constructed by members of the Pacific Fur Company?
A) 1804
B) 1882
C) 1811
D) 1853
  • 21. Which company did Alexander Ross work for when he entered the North Cascades?
A) US Army
B) Hudson's Bay Company
C) Pacific Fur Company
D) North West Company
  • 22. In what year did Alexander Ross explore the valleys and high passes of the North Cascades?
A) 1887
B) 1814
C) 1806
D) 1853
  • 23. What was the international border set at by the Treaty of 1818?
A) 48th parallel
B) 49th parallel
C) 47th parallel
D) 46th parallel
  • 24. Who led a party in 1853 to explore the North Cascades for potential railroad construction?
A) Alexander Ross
B) Henry Custer
C) US Army Captain George B. McClellan
D) Lieutenant Henry Hubbard Pierce
  • 25. Which explorer led a party that crossed Whatcom Pass in 1858?
A) Alexander Ross
B) Henry Custer
C) George B. McClellan
D) Lieutenant Henry Hubbard Pierce
  • 26. In what year did Lieutenant Henry Hubbard Pierce lead an exploration of the North Cascades?
A) 1882
B) 1901
C) 1846
D) 1853
  • 27. When did the North Cascades Highway bisect the mountains?
A) 1972
B) 1853
C) 1887
D) 1968
  • 28. In which year was Yellowstone National Park established?
A) 1872
B) 1897
C) 1906
D) 1890
  • 29. What year did Washingtonians submit a petition to establish a national park north of Lake Chelan?
A) 1921
B) 1892
C) 1916
D) 1906
  • 30. What did the Forest Service designate in an effort to appease detractors?
A) Primitive Areas
B) National Parks
C) Wilderness areas
D) National Recreation Areas
  • 31. Who argued that the North Cascades region should be set aside as wilderness by the mid-1930s?
A) President John F. Kennedy
B) The Mazamas Alpine Club
C) Julian Itter
D) Forester Bob Marshall
  • 32. Which president directed a joint study into a possible national park in the North Cascades region?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Lyndon B. Johnson
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Richard Nixon
  • 33. On what date did the National Park Service commence direct management of North Cascades National Park?
A) January 1966
B) October 2, 1968
C) January 1, 1969
D) 1988
  • 34. What designation was given to almost all of North Cascades National Park by 1988?
A) Lake Chelan Recreation Area
B) Stephen Mather Wilderness
C) Bob Marshall Wilderness
D) North Cascade Primitive Area
  • 35. Where is the park headquarters for North Cascades National Park located?
A) Sedro-Woolley, Washington
B) Spokane, Washington
C) Olympia, Washington
D) Seattle, Washington
  • 36. What percentage of North Cascades National Park Complex is designated as the Stephen Mather Wilderness?
A) 93 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 80 percent
D) 50 percent
  • 37. How many visitors did North Cascades National Park record in 2024?
A) 16,485
B) 30,815
C) 50,000
D) 971,173
  • 38. What percentage of the budget in 2010 was used for staffing?
A) 70 percent
B) 90 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 83 percent
  • 39. How many permanent employees were there at North Cascades National Park Complex in 2010?
A) 81
B) 250
C) 200
D) 100
  • 40. What was the approximate fiscal year budget for the park complex in 2017?
A) $7.5 million
B) $10 million
C) $8 million
D) $6 million
  • 41. Which town is located to the east of North Cascades National Park?
A) Sedro-Woolley
B) Chelan
C) Stehekin
D) Winthrop
  • 42. How far is Seattle-Tacoma International Airport from the North Cascades Visitor Center?
A) 150 mi (240 km)
B) 120 mi (190 km)
C) 100 mi (160 km)
D) 190 mi (310 km)
  • 43. Which road near Newhalem enters the park?
A) Cascade River Road
B) North Cascades Highway
C) Thornton Lakes Road
D) State Route 20
  • 44. Which area serves eastern Washington communities through access from Stehekin?
A) Winthrop
B) Chelan
C) Marblemount
D) Sedro-Woolley
  • 45. What is the highest point in North Cascades National Park?
A) Mount Baker
B) Goode Mountain
C) Glacier Peak
D) Diobsud Lookout
  • 46. How many glaciers are found within North Cascades National Park?
A) Less than 50
B) Exactly 500
C) Over 300
D) About 100
  • 47. How many lakes are found within North Cascades National Park?
A) 600
B) 150
C) 300
D) 450
  • 48. Which peak lies about 5 miles northeast of Goode Mountain?
A) Boston Peak
B) Forbidden Peak
C) Eldorado Peak
D) Black Peak
  • 49. How many peaks over 7,500 ft are in the Picket Range?
A) 30
B) 15
C) 25
D) 21
  • 50. Which mountain towers more than 8,400 ft above Baker Lake?
A) Mount Redoubt
B) Mount Shuksan
C) Mount Spickard
D) Mox Peaks
  • 51. What causes some lakes in the park to appear turquoise?
A) Fish scales
B) Algae blooms
C) Mineral deposits
D) Glacial flour
  • 52. Which mountain is located near the border with Canada?
A) Mox Peaks
B) Mount Shuksan
C) Mount Spickard
D) Mount Redoubt
  • 53. What percentage of electricity used in Seattle is supplied by dams near the park?
A) Nearly 90%
B) 100%
C) 70%
D) 50%
  • 54. How many glaciers are there approximately in North Cascades National Park?
A) 450
B) 200
C) 150
D) 312
  • 55. Which glacier is the largest in North Cascades National Park?
A) East Nooksack Glacier
B) McAllister Glacier
C) Boston Glacier
D) Sulphide Glacier
  • 56. In what year did Austin Post expand aerial coverage and use ground-based imagery?
A) 1955
B) 1984
C) 1960
D) 1971
  • 57. Since when has Mauri S. Pelto led the North Cascades Glacier Climate Project?
A) 1971
B) 1984
C) 1993
D) 2009
  • 58. How many distinctive life zones support biodiversity in North Cascades National Park?
A) Five
B) Twelve
C) Ten
D) Eight
  • 59. Which tree species can be found at elevations over 5,000 ft in the park?
A) Douglas fir
B) Red cedar
C) Western hemlock
D) Whitebark pine
  • 60. Which carnivore is listed as endangered in North Cascades National Park?
A) Coyote
B) Lynx
C) Black bear
D) Grey wolf
  • 61. What species of bird is federally designated as an endangered species in the park?
A) Peregrine falcon
B) Clark's nutcracker
C) Golden eagle
D) Northern spotted owl
  • 62. Which type of salmon is NOT documented as inhabiting North Cascades National Park?
A) Chinook (king) salmon
B) Coho salmon
C) Pink salmon
D) Atlantic salmon
  • 63. How many mammal species have been recorded in North Cascades National Park?
A) 75
B) 30
C) 100
D) 50
  • 64. What is the primary food source for Clark's nutcracker and certain mammals in the park?
A) Whitebark pine seeds
B) Red alder berries
C) Ferns
D) Bigleaf maple sap
  • 65. How many species of fish have been documented in North Cascades National Park?
A) 50
B) 10
C) 15
D) At least 28
  • 66. Which amphibian is NOT found in North Cascades National Park?
A) Pacific giant salamander
B) Rough-skinned newt
C) Eastern newt
D) Western toad
  • 67. Between 1973 and 2003, how many human-caused fires occurred in North Cascades National Park Service Complex?
A) 113
B) 150
C) 264
D) 300
  • 68. When do snow depths typically peak on the western slopes?
A) Mid-June
B) Late September
C) Late November
D) Early March
  • 69. What is required to access some trailheads on national forest properties adjacent to the park?
A) A parking pass may be required.
B) An entrance fee
C) No requirements are needed
D) A wilderness permit
  • 70. What is the maximum group size allowed on trail and camping corridors in North Cascades National Park?
A) Less than a dozen.
B) No limit as long as they are hikers
C) Exactly ten people
D) Up to 20 people
  • 71. Who was the first to reach the summit of Sinister Peak in 1938?
A) Fred Beckey.
B) Yvon Chouinard
C) John Muir
D) Ansel Adams
  • 72. What is the name of Fred Beckey's guidebooks that are considered essential for mountaineering in the North Cascades?
A) Alpine Adventures of Fred Beckey
B) The 'Beckey Bible'.
C) The Cascade Climbing Guide
D) North Cascades Mountaineering Manual
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