Augustus Caesar
  • 1. Who was Augustus Caesar's predecessor as the first Roman emperor?
A) Caligula
B) Nero
C) Mark Antony
D) Julius Caesar
  • 2. What was Augustus Caesar's birth name?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Gaius Octavius
C) Julius Caesar
D) Nero Claudius
  • 3. Which title did Augustus Caesar assume that helped consolidate his power in Rome?
A) Pontifex Maximus
B) Princeps
C) Consul
D) Tribune
  • 4. Augustus Caesar's wife, Livia Drusilla, was also known by what title?
A) Vestal Virgin
B) Praetor
C) Augusta
D) Empress
  • 5. During his reign, Augustus Caesar inaugurated a period known as the:
A) Punic Wars
B) Pax Romana
C) Social War
D) Triumvirate
  • 6. Which military opponent did Augustus defeat in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC?
A) Spartacus
B) Mark Antony
C) Hannibal
D) Vercingetorix
  • 7. In which city did Augustus Caesar die in AD 14?
A) Nola
B) Alexandria
C) Athens
D) Rome
  • 8. What was the name of the political alliance between Augustus Caesar, Mark Antony, and Lepidus?
A) Tetrarchy
B) Second Triumvirate
C) First Triumvirate
D) Concordat of Worms
  • 9. Augustus Caesar was a member of which Roman political faction that opposed Julius Caesar?
A) Gracchians
B) Optimates
C) Populares
D) Julians
  • 10. In what year did Augustus Caesar receive the title of 'Father of the Country'?
A) 1010 AD
B) 2 BC
C) 367 AD
D) 133 BC
  • 11. Augustus Caesar claimed to have restored the Roman Republic, but in reality, he held supreme power as a:
A) Praetor
B) Tribune
C) Dictator
D) Consul
  • 12. Augustus Caesar famously proclaimed that he had found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of:
A) Gold
B) Silver
C) Marble
D) Bronze
  • 13. What famous Roman poet was a contemporary of Augustus Caesar and wrote about him in his works?
A) Ovid
B) Virgil
C) Horace
D) Livy
  • 14. Which title did Augustus refuse to stand for again, despite maintaining power?
A) Consulship
B) Tribunate
C) Praetorship
D) Censorship
  • 15. What was the name of Augustus's naval commander who defeated Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium?
A) Lucius Aelius Sejanus
B) Publius Quinctilius Varus
C) Gaius Maecenas
D) Marcus Agrippa
  • 16. What title did Augustus assume after Lepidus's death that made him the chief priest of Rome?
A) Pontifex Maximus
B) Augur
C) Flamen Dialis
D) Vestal Virgin
  • 17. Which month was named after Augustus?
A) September
B) October
C) July
D) August
  • 18. Who succeeded Augustus as emperor?
A) Claudius
B) Nero
C) Tiberius
D) Caligula
  • 19. What significant military setback did Augustus face in Germania?
A) Annexation
B) Complete victory
C) Peace treaty
D) A major defeat
  • 20. Which empire negotiated peace treaties with Augustus's Roman Empire?
A) Assyrian Empire
B) Babylonian Empire
C) Parthian Empire
D) Carthaginian Empire
  • 21. What was the name of Augustus's wife, rumored to have poisoned him?
A) Livia
B) Scribonia
C) Octavia Minor
D) Julia the Elder
  • 22. What did Augustus establish to secure the empire's borders?
A) A series of fortresses
B) An impenetrable wall
C) A naval blockade
D) A buffer region of client states
  • 23. Which African kingdom did Augustus negotiate peace with?
A) Kingdom of Kush
B) Carthaginian Kingdom
C) Egyptian Empire
D) Nubian Kingdom
  • 24. What was the name of the professional army established by Augustus?
A) Auxiliary forces
B) Legionary militia
C) Standing professional army
D) Imperial guard
  • 25. Which title means 'the revered' and was granted to Augustus?
A) Caesar
B) Princeps
C) Pater Patriae
D) Augustus
  • 26. What did Augustus establish for Rome's courier system?
A) Sea lanes
B) Air routes
C) Networks of roads
D) Telegraph lines
  • 27. What was Gaius Octavius's cognomen given in infancy?
A) Thurinus
B) Octavianus
C) Caesar
D) Augustus
  • 28. What title did historians often add to distinguish Octavian from the late Julius Caesar?
A) Thurinus
B) Imperator
C) Octavianus
D) Augustus
  • 29. Which name was used by historians to refer to him between 44 and 27 BC?
A) Octavian
B) Gaius Octavius
C) Augustus
D) Imperator Caesar
  • 30. What title replaced 'Gaius' on Octavian's coins and inscriptions by 38 BC?
A) Augustus
B) Caesar
C) Thurinus
D) Imperator
  • 31. Where was Gaius Octavian born?
A) In Velitrae near Rome
B) In Macedonia
C) At Caesar's villa
D) On the Palatine Hill in Rome
  • 32. What social class did Gaius Octavius' father belong to?
A) Senator
B) Patrician
C) Plebeian
D) Equestrian
  • 33. Who was Gaius Octavian's Greek slave tutor?
A) Sphaerus
B) Athenodorus of Tarsus
C) Apollodorus of Pergamon
D) Areios of Alexandria
  • 34. Who did Gaius Octavian marry after his father's death?
A) Julius Caesar
B) Lucius Marcius Philippus
C) Pompey the Great
D) Marcus Epidius
  • 35. What position was Gaius Octavian elected to in 47 BC?
A) Proconsular governor of Macedonia
B) Consul
C) General
D) Pontiff
  • 36. Who did Julius Caesar form an alliance with in 60 BC?
A) Atia and Gaius Octavius
B) Marcus Epidius and Apollodorus of Pergamon
C) Lucius Marcius Philippus and Sphaerus
D) Pompey and Crassus
  • 37. What happened to the alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus by 49 BC?
A) They conquered Rome together
B) It fell apart leading to a civil war
C) They formed a triumvirate
D) Caesar became emperor
  • 38. What did Julius Caesar award Gaius Octavian during his triumph?
A) A province to govern
B) Military decorations
C) A legion of soldiers
D) The consulship
  • 39. Where did Gaius Octavian travel in 45 BC for a military campaign?
A) Greece
B) Macedonia
C) Africa
D) Hispania
  • 40. Where was Julius Caesar's will deposited?
A) At the Temple of Venus Genetrix
B) In the Roman Senate
C) With the Vestal Virgins
D) In Gaius Octavian's home
  • 41. What was the public's reaction to Antony's edicts against Brutus and Cassius?
A) Caused a riot in Rome
B) Led to his immediate resignation
C) Increased support for Antony
D) Alienated him from moderate Caesarian senators
  • 42. Which power allowed Augustus to convene the Senate and people at will?
A) Imperium over the city of Rome
B) Imperium proconsulare maius
C) Powers of the censor
D) Tribunicia potestas
  • 43. What did the Senate allow Augustus to display above his door?
A) A diadem
B) A golden shield
C) The corona civica ('civic crown')
D) Laurels
  • 44. Who was born to Antony and Cleopatra in 36 BC?
A) Antyllus
B) Caesarion
C) Ptolemy Philadelphus
D) Cleopatra Selene II
  • 45. What illness did Augustus suffer from in late spring?
A) Malaria
B) A liver disease
C) Pneumonia
D) Smallpox
  • 46. What caused Octavian to be wounded during the siege of Metulum?
A) A collapsing siege ramp
B) A naval battle injury
C) An arrow shot by an enemy soldier
D) A fall from his horse
  • 47. What did Cleopatra provide Antony that helped him restore his army?
A) Political alliances
B) Her enormous wealth
C) Legionaries from Egypt
D) Naval support
  • 48. How many slaves were returned to their former Roman owners after fleeing to join Sextus's army?
A) 30,000
B) 50,000
C) 40,000
D) 20,000
  • 49. Who did Marcus Primus later claim gave him the order to attack Thrace?
A) Augustus
B) the recently deceased Marcellus
C) Lucius Licinius Varro Murena
D) The Senate
  • 50. What form of power did the Senate grant Augustus to formalize his legal authority throughout the empire?
A) Imperium over the city of Rome
B) Imperium proconsulare maius ('greater proconsular power')
C) Tribunicia potestas for life
D) Powers of the censor
  • 51. Who was sent by Octavian to remove Sextus Pompey from Sicily before the battles of Philippi?
A) Antony
B) Salvidienus Rufus
C) Menas
D) Agrippa
  • 52. What did Octavian combine with his own funds during Caesar's victory games?
A) Funds from Caesar's will
B) Tribute from Roman provinces
C) Donations from foreign allies
D) Money seized from the assassins
  • 53. Who was assigned Cisalpine Gaul before Antony, causing a refusal to yield?
A) Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
B) Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
C) Lucius Antonius
D) Gaius Cassius Longinus
  • 54. Which two battles marked the defeat of Brutus and Cassius?
A) Battle of Munda
B) Battle of Actium
C) Battle of Carrhae
D) Battles at Philippi
  • 55. Despite relinquishing a certain position, what remained unchanged for Augustus?
A) his role as consul annually
B) his direct control over senatorial affairs
C) his dominant position over his 'imperial' provinces
D) his ability to rule the state officially
  • 56. Which titular option did Octavian avoid due to its association with monarchy?
A) Princeps
B) Caesar
C) Imperator
D) Romulus
  • 57. Who did Octavian order the death of due to potential claims to Caesar's legacy?
A) Agrippa
B) Antony's son, Antyllus
C) Octavia's children
D) Cleopatra's son, Caesarion
  • 58. What was the result of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9?
A) Augustus personally led a successful counterattack.
B) Tiberius successfully defended against Germanic tribes.
C) The Romans conquered Germania up to the Elbe River.
D) Arminius destroyed three entire Roman legions.
  • 59. What event in 23 BC highlighted the issue of succession for Augustus?
A) Augustus's illness
B) Tiberius's retirement from politics
C) Drusus's marriage to Antonia
D) The death of Marcellus
  • 60. Where was a temporary peace agreement reached between the triumvirs and Sextus in 39 BC?
A) Tarentum
B) Cumae
C) Brundisium
D) Misenum
  • 61. What was the name of the law that legitimized the agreement between Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus?
A) Lex Julia
B) Lex Titia
C) Lex Pompeia
D) Lex Cornelia
  • 62. Who was Antony's legate whose death led to the Gallic provinces falling into Octavian's hands?
A) Lepidus
B) Quintus Calenus
C) Lucius Antonius
D) Sextus Pompey
  • 63. What did Livia allegedly supply to assist Augustus's death?
A) A poisoned fig
B) Poisoned wine
C) Poisoned bread
D) Poisoned water
  • 64. What was Augustus's status that legally closed him from holding the office of tribune?
A) Consul
B) Tribunicia sacrosanctitas holder
C) Proconsul
D) Patrician
  • 65. Which Roman general took advantage of a Cherusci civil war in AD 16?
A) Germanicus
B) Tiberius
C) Drusus
D) Varus
  • 66. What was a cautious approach Octavian took to avoid Caesar's fate?
A) Eliminating all political rivals immediately.
B) Centralizing power in his own hands.
C) Appointed term limits for offices.
D) Dissolving the Senate permanently.
  • 67. Where did Octavian establish a new city after the Battle of Actium?
A) Nicopolis ('victory city')
B) Alexandria
C) Epirus
D) Rome
  • 68. Which city was destroyed by Octavian during his first campaign in Illyricum in 35 BC?
A) Athens
B) Metulum
C) Segesta (modern Siscia)
D) Rome
  • 69. What was the outcome of Antony's eulogy at Caesar's funeral?
A) Resulted in a peace treaty
B) Calmed tensions between factions
C) Led to his exile from Rome
D) Mounted public opinion against the assassins
  • 70. What did Lepidus attempt to claim for himself after Sextus's troops surrendered?
A) Italy
B) Greece
C) Sicily
D) Corsica
  • 71. Where did Octavian campaign after defeating Sextus Pompey?
A) Illyricum
B) Africa
C) Gaul
D) Spain
  • 72. What was the result of Antony's reconciliation with Octavian in the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
A) They publicly reconciled
B) Antony declared war on Octavian
C) Cicero was exiled from Rome
D) Octavian left Rome immediately
  • 73. How many cities were affected by Octavian's settlements?
A) Twenty-five
B) Fifteen
C) Ten
D) Eighteen
  • 74. Who was Octavian's first wife?
A) Claudia
B) Scribonia
C) Livia Drusilla
D) Octavia Minor
  • 75. What were Augustus's famous last words?
A) "I have done my duty"
B) "Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit"
C) "Et tu, Brute?"
D) "Veni, vidi, vici"
  • 76. Who was Octavian's second son with Livia Drusilla?
A) Drusus
B) Tiberius
C) Sextus
D) Julia
  • 77. What condition did Caesar's will impose on Octavius to become his main heir?
A) Retire from politics
B) Repay all of Caesar's debts
C) Assume the dead dictator's name
D) Marry into a prominent family
  • 78. Who was responsible for caring for Augustus during his illness?
A) Agrippa
B) Calpurnius Piso
C) Marcus Claudius Marcellus
D) Antonius Musa
  • 79. What was Octavian's reason for divorcing Claudia?
A) Their marriage had never been consummated.
B) She did not bear him any children.
C) Claudia supported Lucius Antonius.
D) He fell in love with Livia Drusilla.
  • 80. How many men were targeted in the proscriptions initiated by the triumvirs?
A) 200
B) 100
C) Around 300
D) 500
  • 81. How many legions were under the control of the Senate after the first settlement?
A) Twenty
B) Thirty
C) Ten
D) Five or six
  • 82. Where was Sextus Pompey executed after fleeing to the east?
A) Miletus
B) Athens
C) Sicily
D) Rome
  • 83. How many more times did Augustus serve as consul after resigning in 23 BC?
A) Once
B) Never again
C) Twice
D) Three times
  • 84. Where was Octavius when Julius Caesar was assassinated?
A) Rome
B) Apollonia, Illyria
C) Macedonia
D) Brundisium
  • 85. Where did Antony travel to after the Battle of Philippi?
A) Gaul
B) Africa
C) Egypt
D) Spain
  • 86. What was Octavian's age when he became consul?
A) 19 years old
B) 35 years old
C) 25 years old
D) 30 years old
  • 87. Where did Antony lay siege to oppose Octavian?
A) Brundisium
B) Rome
C) Sicily
D) Perusia
  • 88. What did Octavian offer to win over two of Antony's legions?
A) Land grants
B) Monetary gain
C) Protection for their families
D) Promises of high-ranking positions
  • 89. Who did Antony leave in Egypt to oppose Octavian?
A) Cleopatra
B) Scribonia
C) Octavia Minor
D) Fulvia
  • 90. Who was forced into retirement by Octavian but allowed to remain pontifex maximus?
A) Lepidus
B) Sextus Pompey
C) Antony
D) Agrippa
  • 91. What military region was Tiberius granted a proconsular post in AD 4?
A) Germany
B) The eastern provinces
C) Gaul
D) Illyricum
  • 92. What immunity did the Senate grant Octavian, his wife, and his sister?
A) Military immunity
B) Imperial immunity
C) Consular immunity
D) Tribunician immunity (sacrosanctitas)
  • 93. Who was the last person outside Augustus's family to receive a triumph?
A) Cornelius Balbus
B) Germanicus
C) Marcus Lollius
D) Tiberius
  • 94. On what date did Augustus give up his consulship in 23 BC?
A) 1 July
B) 21 September
C) 15 March
D) 30 December
  • 95. Who was given in marriage to Antony by Octavian due to the Parthian threat?
A) Scribonia
B) Claudia
C) Livia Drusilla
D) Octavia Minor
  • 96. Who did Octavian relinquish the consulship to?
A) Marcus Agrippa
B) Publius Ventidius
C) Gaius Cassius
D) Lucius Munatius Plancus
  • 97. Who rescued Octavian from an angry mob in Rome?
A) Lepidus's forces
B) Antony's forces
C) Sextus Pompey's forces
D) Agrippa's forces
  • 98. Who was Octavian's only surviving child from his marriage to Scribonia?
A) Drusus
B) Livia Drusilla
C) Tiberius
D) Julia
  • 99. Who defected from Sextus Pompey's naval command, handing over Corsica and Sardinia?
A) Lepidus
B) Antony
C) Menas
D) Agrippa
  • 100. What precedent did Augustus use to amass power?
A) Monarchical traditions
B) Republican legal frameworks
C) Dictatorial decrees
D) Military conquests alone
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