Augustus Caesar
  • 1. Who was Augustus Caesar's predecessor as the first Roman emperor?
A) Caligula
B) Mark Antony
C) Julius Caesar
D) Nero
  • 2. What was Augustus Caesar's birth name?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Julius Caesar
C) Nero Claudius
D) Gaius Octavius
  • 3. Which title did Augustus Caesar assume that helped consolidate his power in Rome?
A) Pontifex Maximus
B) Princeps
C) Consul
D) Tribune
  • 4. Augustus Caesar's wife, Livia Drusilla, was also known by what title?
A) Augusta
B) Praetor
C) Vestal Virgin
D) Empress
  • 5. During his reign, Augustus Caesar inaugurated a period known as the:
A) Punic Wars
B) Triumvirate
C) Social War
D) Pax Romana
  • 6. Which military opponent did Augustus defeat in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC?
A) Spartacus
B) Hannibal
C) Mark Antony
D) Vercingetorix
  • 7. In which city did Augustus Caesar die in AD 14?
A) Rome
B) Alexandria
C) Athens
D) Nola
  • 8. What was the name of the political alliance between Augustus Caesar, Mark Antony, and Lepidus?
A) Second Triumvirate
B) Concordat of Worms
C) Tetrarchy
D) First Triumvirate
  • 9. Augustus Caesar was a member of which Roman political faction that opposed Julius Caesar?
A) Populares
B) Julians
C) Optimates
D) Gracchians
  • 10. In what year did Augustus Caesar receive the title of 'Father of the Country'?
A) 1010 AD
B) 2 BC
C) 133 BC
D) 367 AD
  • 11. Augustus Caesar claimed to have restored the Roman Republic, but in reality, he held supreme power as a:
A) Praetor
B) Consul
C) Dictator
D) Tribune
  • 12. Augustus Caesar famously proclaimed that he had found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of:
A) Marble
B) Gold
C) Bronze
D) Silver
  • 13. What famous Roman poet was a contemporary of Augustus Caesar and wrote about him in his works?
A) Horace
B) Ovid
C) Virgil
D) Livy
  • 14. Which title did Augustus refuse to stand for again, despite maintaining power?
A) Censorship
B) Praetorship
C) Consulship
D) Tribunate
  • 15. What was the name of Augustus's naval commander who defeated Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium?
A) Gaius Maecenas
B) Marcus Agrippa
C) Publius Quinctilius Varus
D) Lucius Aelius Sejanus
  • 16. What title did Augustus assume after Lepidus's death that made him the chief priest of Rome?
A) Pontifex Maximus
B) Vestal Virgin
C) Augur
D) Flamen Dialis
  • 17. Which month was named after Augustus?
A) August
B) September
C) July
D) October
  • 18. Who succeeded Augustus as emperor?
A) Claudius
B) Tiberius
C) Caligula
D) Nero
  • 19. What significant military setback did Augustus face in Germania?
A) Annexation
B) Complete victory
C) A major defeat
D) Peace treaty
  • 20. Which empire negotiated peace treaties with Augustus's Roman Empire?
A) Carthaginian Empire
B) Babylonian Empire
C) Assyrian Empire
D) Parthian Empire
  • 21. What was the name of Augustus's wife, rumored to have poisoned him?
A) Octavia Minor
B) Julia the Elder
C) Scribonia
D) Livia
  • 22. What did Augustus establish to secure the empire's borders?
A) A buffer region of client states
B) A series of fortresses
C) An impenetrable wall
D) A naval blockade
  • 23. Which African kingdom did Augustus negotiate peace with?
A) Nubian Kingdom
B) Kingdom of Kush
C) Egyptian Empire
D) Carthaginian Kingdom
  • 24. What was the name of the professional army established by Augustus?
A) Auxiliary forces
B) Imperial guard
C) Legionary militia
D) Standing professional army
  • 25. Which title means 'the revered' and was granted to Augustus?
A) Pater Patriae
B) Caesar
C) Princeps
D) Augustus
  • 26. What did Augustus establish for Rome's courier system?
A) Telegraph lines
B) Networks of roads
C) Air routes
D) Sea lanes
  • 27. What was Gaius Octavius's cognomen given in infancy?
A) Thurinus
B) Octavianus
C) Caesar
D) Augustus
  • 28. What title did historians often add to distinguish Octavian from the late Julius Caesar?
A) Octavianus
B) Augustus
C) Imperator
D) Thurinus
  • 29. Which name was used by historians to refer to him between 44 and 27 BC?
A) Gaius Octavius
B) Augustus
C) Octavian
D) Imperator Caesar
  • 30. What title replaced 'Gaius' on Octavian's coins and inscriptions by 38 BC?
A) Augustus
B) Thurinus
C) Caesar
D) Imperator
  • 31. Where was Gaius Octavian born?
A) In Macedonia
B) In Velitrae near Rome
C) On the Palatine Hill in Rome
D) At Caesar's villa
  • 32. What social class did Gaius Octavius' father belong to?
A) Patrician
B) Equestrian
C) Plebeian
D) Senator
  • 33. Who was Gaius Octavian's Greek slave tutor?
A) Areios of Alexandria
B) Athenodorus of Tarsus
C) Sphaerus
D) Apollodorus of Pergamon
  • 34. Who did Gaius Octavian marry after his father's death?
A) Julius Caesar
B) Lucius Marcius Philippus
C) Pompey the Great
D) Marcus Epidius
  • 35. What position was Gaius Octavian elected to in 47 BC?
A) Proconsular governor of Macedonia
B) Consul
C) General
D) Pontiff
  • 36. Who did Julius Caesar form an alliance with in 60 BC?
A) Lucius Marcius Philippus and Sphaerus
B) Atia and Gaius Octavius
C) Marcus Epidius and Apollodorus of Pergamon
D) Pompey and Crassus
  • 37. What happened to the alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus by 49 BC?
A) They conquered Rome together
B) Caesar became emperor
C) It fell apart leading to a civil war
D) They formed a triumvirate
  • 38. What did Julius Caesar award Gaius Octavian during his triumph?
A) The consulship
B) A legion of soldiers
C) Military decorations
D) A province to govern
  • 39. Where did Gaius Octavian travel in 45 BC for a military campaign?
A) Africa
B) Hispania
C) Greece
D) Macedonia
  • 40. Where was Julius Caesar's will deposited?
A) With the Vestal Virgins
B) In Gaius Octavian's home
C) At the Temple of Venus Genetrix
D) In the Roman Senate
  • 41. What was the public's reaction to Antony's edicts against Brutus and Cassius?
A) Caused a riot in Rome
B) Led to his immediate resignation
C) Alienated him from moderate Caesarian senators
D) Increased support for Antony
  • 42. Which power allowed Augustus to convene the Senate and people at will?
A) Imperium over the city of Rome
B) Powers of the censor
C) Imperium proconsulare maius
D) Tribunicia potestas
  • 43. What did the Senate allow Augustus to display above his door?
A) The corona civica ('civic crown')
B) A diadem
C) A golden shield
D) Laurels
  • 44. Who was born to Antony and Cleopatra in 36 BC?
A) Caesarion
B) Ptolemy Philadelphus
C) Cleopatra Selene II
D) Antyllus
  • 45. What illness did Augustus suffer from in late spring?
A) Malaria
B) A liver disease
C) Pneumonia
D) Smallpox
  • 46. What caused Octavian to be wounded during the siege of Metulum?
A) A collapsing siege ramp
B) A fall from his horse
C) A naval battle injury
D) An arrow shot by an enemy soldier
  • 47. What did Cleopatra provide Antony that helped him restore his army?
A) Her enormous wealth
B) Legionaries from Egypt
C) Political alliances
D) Naval support
  • 48. How many slaves were returned to their former Roman owners after fleeing to join Sextus's army?
A) 20,000
B) 30,000
C) 50,000
D) 40,000
  • 49. Who did Marcus Primus later claim gave him the order to attack Thrace?
A) Lucius Licinius Varro Murena
B) Augustus
C) The Senate
D) the recently deceased Marcellus
  • 50. What form of power did the Senate grant Augustus to formalize his legal authority throughout the empire?
A) Imperium proconsulare maius ('greater proconsular power')
B) Powers of the censor
C) Tribunicia potestas for life
D) Imperium over the city of Rome
  • 51. Who was sent by Octavian to remove Sextus Pompey from Sicily before the battles of Philippi?
A) Menas
B) Antony
C) Salvidienus Rufus
D) Agrippa
  • 52. What did Octavian combine with his own funds during Caesar's victory games?
A) Money seized from the assassins
B) Donations from foreign allies
C) Funds from Caesar's will
D) Tribute from Roman provinces
  • 53. Who was assigned Cisalpine Gaul before Antony, causing a refusal to yield?
A) Lucius Antonius
B) Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
C) Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
D) Gaius Cassius Longinus
  • 54. Which two battles marked the defeat of Brutus and Cassius?
A) Battle of Carrhae
B) Battle of Actium
C) Battle of Munda
D) Battles at Philippi
  • 55. Despite relinquishing a certain position, what remained unchanged for Augustus?
A) his ability to rule the state officially
B) his role as consul annually
C) his direct control over senatorial affairs
D) his dominant position over his 'imperial' provinces
  • 56. Which titular option did Octavian avoid due to its association with monarchy?
A) Romulus
B) Caesar
C) Princeps
D) Imperator
  • 57. Who did Octavian order the death of due to potential claims to Caesar's legacy?
A) Antony's son, Antyllus
B) Octavia's children
C) Agrippa
D) Cleopatra's son, Caesarion
  • 58. What was the result of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9?
A) Arminius destroyed three entire Roman legions.
B) Tiberius successfully defended against Germanic tribes.
C) The Romans conquered Germania up to the Elbe River.
D) Augustus personally led a successful counterattack.
  • 59. What event in 23 BC highlighted the issue of succession for Augustus?
A) The death of Marcellus
B) Augustus's illness
C) Tiberius's retirement from politics
D) Drusus's marriage to Antonia
  • 60. Where was a temporary peace agreement reached between the triumvirs and Sextus in 39 BC?
A) Cumae
B) Brundisium
C) Tarentum
D) Misenum
  • 61. What was the name of the law that legitimized the agreement between Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus?
A) Lex Julia
B) Lex Pompeia
C) Lex Titia
D) Lex Cornelia
  • 62. Who was Antony's legate whose death led to the Gallic provinces falling into Octavian's hands?
A) Lepidus
B) Lucius Antonius
C) Sextus Pompey
D) Quintus Calenus
  • 63. What did Livia allegedly supply to assist Augustus's death?
A) Poisoned wine
B) A poisoned fig
C) Poisoned bread
D) Poisoned water
  • 64. What was Augustus's status that legally closed him from holding the office of tribune?
A) Patrician
B) Consul
C) Proconsul
D) Tribunicia sacrosanctitas holder
  • 65. Which Roman general took advantage of a Cherusci civil war in AD 16?
A) Varus
B) Tiberius
C) Germanicus
D) Drusus
  • 66. What was a cautious approach Octavian took to avoid Caesar's fate?
A) Eliminating all political rivals immediately.
B) Dissolving the Senate permanently.
C) Appointed term limits for offices.
D) Centralizing power in his own hands.
  • 67. Where did Octavian establish a new city after the Battle of Actium?
A) Alexandria
B) Epirus
C) Rome
D) Nicopolis ('victory city')
  • 68. Which city was destroyed by Octavian during his first campaign in Illyricum in 35 BC?
A) Rome
B) Metulum
C) Segesta (modern Siscia)
D) Athens
  • 69. What was the outcome of Antony's eulogy at Caesar's funeral?
A) Resulted in a peace treaty
B) Mounted public opinion against the assassins
C) Led to his exile from Rome
D) Calmed tensions between factions
  • 70. What did Lepidus attempt to claim for himself after Sextus's troops surrendered?
A) Italy
B) Corsica
C) Sicily
D) Greece
  • 71. Where did Octavian campaign after defeating Sextus Pompey?
A) Spain
B) Illyricum
C) Gaul
D) Africa
  • 72. What was the result of Antony's reconciliation with Octavian in the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
A) Antony declared war on Octavian
B) Octavian left Rome immediately
C) They publicly reconciled
D) Cicero was exiled from Rome
  • 73. How many cities were affected by Octavian's settlements?
A) Fifteen
B) Ten
C) Eighteen
D) Twenty-five
  • 74. Who was Octavian's first wife?
A) Claudia
B) Scribonia
C) Livia Drusilla
D) Octavia Minor
  • 75. What were Augustus's famous last words?
A) "I have done my duty"
B) "Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit"
C) "Et tu, Brute?"
D) "Veni, vidi, vici"
  • 76. Who was Octavian's second son with Livia Drusilla?
A) Tiberius
B) Drusus
C) Sextus
D) Julia
  • 77. What condition did Caesar's will impose on Octavius to become his main heir?
A) Repay all of Caesar's debts
B) Assume the dead dictator's name
C) Retire from politics
D) Marry into a prominent family
  • 78. Who was responsible for caring for Augustus during his illness?
A) Agrippa
B) Calpurnius Piso
C) Marcus Claudius Marcellus
D) Antonius Musa
  • 79. What was Octavian's reason for divorcing Claudia?
A) Claudia supported Lucius Antonius.
B) Their marriage had never been consummated.
C) She did not bear him any children.
D) He fell in love with Livia Drusilla.
  • 80. How many men were targeted in the proscriptions initiated by the triumvirs?
A) 500
B) Around 300
C) 200
D) 100
  • 81. How many legions were under the control of the Senate after the first settlement?
A) Ten
B) Five or six
C) Thirty
D) Twenty
  • 82. Where was Sextus Pompey executed after fleeing to the east?
A) Sicily
B) Athens
C) Rome
D) Miletus
  • 83. How many more times did Augustus serve as consul after resigning in 23 BC?
A) Never again
B) Three times
C) Twice
D) Once
  • 84. Where was Octavius when Julius Caesar was assassinated?
A) Brundisium
B) Rome
C) Macedonia
D) Apollonia, Illyria
  • 85. Where did Antony travel to after the Battle of Philippi?
A) Spain
B) Egypt
C) Africa
D) Gaul
  • 86. What was Octavian's age when he became consul?
A) 25 years old
B) 35 years old
C) 19 years old
D) 30 years old
  • 87. Where did Antony lay siege to oppose Octavian?
A) Brundisium
B) Rome
C) Sicily
D) Perusia
  • 88. What did Octavian offer to win over two of Antony's legions?
A) Monetary gain
B) Promises of high-ranking positions
C) Land grants
D) Protection for their families
  • 89. Who did Antony leave in Egypt to oppose Octavian?
A) Fulvia
B) Scribonia
C) Cleopatra
D) Octavia Minor
  • 90. Who was forced into retirement by Octavian but allowed to remain pontifex maximus?
A) Sextus Pompey
B) Antony
C) Agrippa
D) Lepidus
  • 91. What military region was Tiberius granted a proconsular post in AD 4?
A) The eastern provinces
B) Illyricum
C) Gaul
D) Germany
  • 92. What immunity did the Senate grant Octavian, his wife, and his sister?
A) Tribunician immunity (sacrosanctitas)
B) Imperial immunity
C) Military immunity
D) Consular immunity
  • 93. Who was the last person outside Augustus's family to receive a triumph?
A) Cornelius Balbus
B) Tiberius
C) Germanicus
D) Marcus Lollius
  • 94. On what date did Augustus give up his consulship in 23 BC?
A) 21 September
B) 15 March
C) 30 December
D) 1 July
  • 95. Who was given in marriage to Antony by Octavian due to the Parthian threat?
A) Livia Drusilla
B) Octavia Minor
C) Scribonia
D) Claudia
  • 96. Who did Octavian relinquish the consulship to?
A) Marcus Agrippa
B) Lucius Munatius Plancus
C) Gaius Cassius
D) Publius Ventidius
  • 97. Who rescued Octavian from an angry mob in Rome?
A) Agrippa's forces
B) Lepidus's forces
C) Antony's forces
D) Sextus Pompey's forces
  • 98. Who was Octavian's only surviving child from his marriage to Scribonia?
A) Julia
B) Drusus
C) Tiberius
D) Livia Drusilla
  • 99. Who defected from Sextus Pompey's naval command, handing over Corsica and Sardinia?
A) Agrippa
B) Lepidus
C) Menas
D) Antony
  • 100. What precedent did Augustus use to amass power?
A) Military conquests alone
B) Monarchical traditions
C) Dictatorial decrees
D) Republican legal frameworks
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