- 1. In his seminal work 'Development as Freedom', Amartya Sen presents a profound rethinking of the concept of development, asserting that true development should be understood not merely as economic growth, but as a process that expands the freedoms and capabilities of individuals. Sen argues that human well-being is fundamentally about enhancing the capacities of people to lead the lives they value, emphasizing that development should address inequalities and empower marginalized communities. Through a compelling analysis, he highlights the intrinsic link between freedom and development, illustrating how political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, and protective security are integral to fostering human agency. Sen critiques traditional development metrics that focus solely on income and GDP, advocating for a broader perspective that includes education, health, and participation in civic life as essential components of a more equitable society. Overall, 'Development as Freedom' serves as a transformative manifesto that not only challenges policymakers and economists to reconsider the goals of development but also inspires a global discourse on justice, democracy, and the fundamental rights of individuals to choose their own paths in life.
What is the central argument in Amartya Sen's 'Development as Freedom'?
A) Development is measured by economic growth alone.
B) Freedom is a barrier to effective development.
C) Development is the expansion of human freedoms.
D) Development requires limiting individual liberties.
- 2. What does Sen mean by 'substantive freedoms'?
A) Political rights only.
B) The capabilities to achieve valued functionings.
C) Economic liberty alone.
D) Freedom from government regulation.
- 3. How does Sen view the relationship between freedom and development?
A) Freedom is irrelevant to development.
B) Freedom follows after development is achieved.
C) Freedom is both the end and means of development.
D) Development requires restricting freedoms.
- 4. What does Sen mean by 'functionings'?
A) Mathematical operations in economics.
B) Government administrative procedures.
C) The efficiency of economic systems.
D) The various things a person can do or be.
- 5. What role does democracy play in Sen's development framework?
A) It's unnecessary for economic development.
B) It's crucial for protecting freedoms and preventing disasters.
C) It always hinders economic growth.
D) It's only relevant for wealthy nations.
- 6. What does Sen mean by 'development as capability expansion'?
A) Increasing people's ability to live valuable lives.
B) Increasing industrial production capacity.
C) Developing natural resources only.
D) Expanding military capabilities.
- 7. How does Sen view the relationship between different types of freedom?
A) Political freedom undermines economic development.
B) They are interconnected and reinforce each other.
C) They are independent and unrelated.
D) Economic freedom is the only important one.
- 8. How does Sen view the role of education in development?
A) As only important for elite populations.
B) As irrelevant to economic development.
C) As a luxury that follows economic growth.
D) As crucial for expanding capabilities and agency.
- 9. What does Sen mean by 'agency'?
A) Business corporations and enterprises.
B) International development organizations.
C) Government administrative organizations.
D) A person's ability to act and bring about change.
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