Volcanic ash - Quiz
A) Particle agglomeration B) Prevailing winds C) Air humidity D) The initial momentum from the eruption
A) When the ash particles are fully dispersed B) When the eruption stops C) When the column reaches the stratosphere D) When the bulk density of the column is the same as the surrounding atmosphere
A) Ash particle size B) Particle density C) Prevailing winds D) Eruption column height
A) Eruption columns B) Accretionary lapilli C) Magmatic eruption plumes D) Co-ignimbrite plumes
A) Wind direction B) Elutriation of smaller particles C) Air humidity D) Particle agglomeration
A) Long-term and chronic B) Usually short-term and mild C) No effect D) Immediate and severe
A) Pneumonia B) Silicosis C) Bronchitis D) Asthma
A) Desert areas B) Urban areas with high population densities C) Mountainous regions D) Rural areas
A) Heavy rainfall B) Earthquakes C) A few millimetres or centimetres of volcanic ash D) High wind speeds
A) Only grain size and chemistry B) Ash fall thickness, grain size, chemistry, moisture, duration, and mitigation measures C) Only preparedness measures D) Only ash fall thickness
A) Immediate recovery of services B) Only minor disruptions C) No impact on infrastructure D) Multiple knock-on effects disrupting various sectors and services
A) Co-ignimbrite plumes are less dense B) Co-ignimbrite plumes have higher concentrations of fine ash particles C) Magmatic eruption plumes are formed by pyroclastic density currents D) Magmatic eruption plumes contain more coarse particles
A) Minutes to hours B) Months to years C) Days to weeks D) Seconds to minutes
A) Marine life B) Aquatic plants C) The aviation industry D) Terrestrial animals
A) Ocean currents B) Soil fertility C) Local weather patterns D) Global climate
A) Fine particles B) Gas particles C) Accretionary lapilli D) Coarse particles
A) A type of volcanic rock B) The result of particle agglomeration within the column C) A type of lava flow D) A type of volcanic gas
A) It becomes less concentrated B) It remains constant C) It disappears completely D) It becomes more concentrated
A) It increases exponentially B) It decreases exponentially C) It fluctuates randomly D) It remains constant
A) Increased human exposure to volcanic ash fall events B) Decreased risk of volcanic eruptions C) Improved infrastructure resilience D) Reduced need for evacuation plans
A) Higher agricultural yields B) Increased tourism C) Business disruption and insured losses D) Reduced transportation costs
A) Increasing population density B) Ignoring the ash fall C) Preparedness, management, and prevention measures D) Reducing wind speed
A) Enhancement B) Improvement C) Disruption D) No impact
A) ~5 B) ~7 C) ~2 D) ~3
A) 10 mm B) 1 mm C) 5 mm D) 2 mm
A) Basaltic B) Dacitic C) Andesitic D) Rhyolitic
A) Phreatic eruptions B) Silicic explosive eruptions C) Effusive eruptions D) Basaltic eruptions
A) Fusion B) Crystallization C) Solidification D) Communition
A) Above the summit crater B) At the summit crater C) Well below the summit crater D) At the surface
A) 5 μm B) 10 μm C) 1 μm D) 2 mm
A) Less than 45% B) Approximately 45–55% C) Greater than 69% D) Between 55 and 69%
A) Carbonate salts B) Sulfate salts C) Fluoride salts D) Chloride salts
A) Volcanic ash B) Magma C) Tephra D) Pumice
A) Boiling effect B) Sublimation effect C) Condensation effect D) Leidenfrost effect
A) Agriculture B) Fishing C) Mining D) Tourism
A) Hawaiian lava fountains B) Strombolian basaltic eruptions C) Rhyolite eruptions D) Phreatic eruptions
A) They have no role B) They play only a minor role C) They are the primary determinants D) They are the sole determinants
A) National Institutes of Health B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C) World Health Organization D) International Agency for Research on Cancer
A) 25 μg/m3 B) 75 μg/m3 C) 100 μg/m3 D) 50 μg/m3
A) Yes, in occupational settings only B) No C) Yes, but only a few cases D) Yes, many cases
A) Short-term studies B) Animal studies C) Long-term studies D) Laboratory studies
A) Improved grazing habits B) Natural abortions C) Increased wool production D) Resistance to ash ingestion
A) Increased resistance to disease B) Improved digestion C) Enhanced wool quality D) Gastrointestinal blockages
A) Reducing the insulator's surface area. B) Initiating a leakage current that can cause a flashover. C) Increasing the voltage across the insulator. D) Improving the insulator's conductivity.
A) Rainwater-fed systems B) Groundwater-fed systems C) Surface water-fed systems D) Roof-fed systems
A) Chemical contamination B) Electricity outages C) Increased water demand D) Microbial contamination
A) Filtration B) Sedimentation C) Chlorination D) pH adjustment
A) Downpipes should be disconnected B) Tanks should be painted C) Tanks should be filled to capacity D) Tanks should be emptied
A) Through chemical treatment B) Through direct filtration C) Through inflow/infiltration by stormwater D) Through evaporation
A) Total damage was US$80 million. B) There was no damage reported. C) Total damage was US$50 million. D) Total damage was US$100 million.
A) Dr Emily White B) Dr Jane Smith C) Dr John Doe D) Dr Fred Prata
A) 80 km B) 100 km C) 30 km D) 60 km
A) 10,000 ft B) 5,000 ft C) 15,000 ft D) 20,000 ft
A) 15–20 minutes B) 20–30 minutes C) 2–5 minutes D) 7–10 minutes
A) Nine B) Seven C) Eleven D) Five
A) Enhances communication systems B) Increases visibility C) Improves runway traction D) Reduces visibility
A) Left to settle naturally B) Removal before resuming full operations C) Covered with sand D) Ignored as it disappears like snow
A) Improved traction B) Reduction in visibility C) Enhanced signal reception D) Increased speed
A) Anemometers B) Radar C) Barometers D) Thermometers
A) 1979 B) 1992 C) 1991 D) 1980
A) Snow B) Rain C) Lightning D) Wind
A) Desktop computers. B) Laptop computers. C) Tablets. D) Servers.
A) Sunlight. B) Wind. C) Heat. D) Rain.
A) Steeply pitched roofs. B) Roofs with gutters. C) Roofs with solar panels. D) Flat roofs.
A) Only property damage occurred. B) The eruption was halted. C) There was no significant damage. D) About 300 people were killed.
A) Bandanas. B) Dust masks. C) Cloth masks. D) Surgical masks.
A) Wear goggles. B) Apply eye drops. C) Wear sunglasses. D) Use contact lenses.
A) Oil the engines thoroughly. B) Remove the engines. C) Run the engines continuously. D) Cover the engines.
A) Recreational parks. B) Commercial zones. C) Residential areas. D) Critical facilities.
A) Soil enricher. B) Pest repellent. C) Fertilizer. D) Compost.
A) Silt. B) Andisol. C) Clay. D) Loam.
A) Subsoil layer. B) Humus layer. C) Andisol layer. D) Topsoil layer.
A) Provide extra feed. B) Keep livestock indoors. C) Evacuate livestock. D) Install air filters.
A) Submerge in water. B) Use plastic sheeting. C) Place in a refrigerator. D) Wrap in cloth. |
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