Free will in theology - Quiz
Free will in theology
  • 1. What is Hinduism primarily considered to be regarding its religious traditions?
A) An offshoot of Buddhism
B) A single strictly unified tradition
C) A conglomerate of different religious traditions
D) A purely monastic order
  • 2. What is the general view on free will within the Advaita schools?
A) Complete rejection of karma
B) Indeterminism
C) Fate-based approach
D) Theory of absolute free will
  • 3. What is the general view on free will within the Dvaita schools?
A) Proponents for the theory of free will
B) Elimination of karma
C) Strictly fate-based approach
D) Denial of individual existence
  • 4. What concepts are used by Hindu schools to base their understandings of free will?
A) Scientific observations of nature
B) Historical texts alone
C) Conceptions of the supreme Being and the individual Self
D) Political laws and societal structures
  • 5. How does karma interact with the individual Self within the illusory existence of maya according to the text?
A) Karma dictates or is dictated by the individual Self
B) Karma is controlled solely by human governments
C) Karma has no connection to maya
D) Karma destroys the individual Self completely
  • 6. Who can know or view both the past and future according to Hindu traditions?
A) Only foreign philosophers
B) Only ordinary human beings
C) Certain saints, mystics, and the supreme being
D) No one, as the future is entirely blank
  • 7. What does the Avatar Krishna say he knows in the Bhagavad Gita?
A) Only future events
B) Past, present, and all things yet to come
C) Nothing about human actions
D) Only the past and present
  • 8. Does the belief in destiny rule out the existence of free will in Hinduism?
A) Not necessarily, as both can exist simultaneously
B) Yes, destiny completely destroys free will
C) Yes, free will is proven to be an illusion
D) No, because destiny does not exist at all
  • 9. According to Bhagavad Gita 5.15, what does the Supreme Lord assume?
A) Only pious activities
B) All human sinful activities
C) Every single action of the mind
D) No one's sinful or pious activities
  • 10. What must one do when the mind wanders due to its flickering nature, according to Bhagavad Gita 6.26?
A) Surrender it completely to maya
B) Punish the physical body
C) Withdraw it and bring it back under control
D) Let it wander freely without interference
  • 11. What does Bhagavad Gita 6.26 indicate about God controlling human will?
A) God forces the mind to wander
B) God dictates all pious actions
C) God does not control anyone's will
D) God controls every single thought
  • 12. How many orthodox (astika) schools of thought are there in Hindu philosophy?
A) Six
B) Four
C) Two
D) Ten
  • 13. In the Samkhya school, what is true regarding matter and Self?
A) Matter is without freedom and Self lacks control over matter
B) Matter has complete freedom
C) Both matter and Self are fully autonomous
D) Self controls the unfolding of matter
  • 14. What constitutes the only real freedom (kaivalya) in the Samkhya school?
A) Gaining power through Ishvara
B) Realizing the ultimate separateness of matter and self
C) Controlling the material world
D) Merging completely with maya
  • 15. In the Yoga school, who is truly free?
A) Only human beings
B) Every living entity (jiva)
C) The material nature (prakrti)
D) Only Ishvara
  • 16. Why is the freedom of Ishvara in the Yoga school not a freedom of will?
A) Because Ishvara is bound by karma
B) Because Ishvara only controls humans
C) Because it is distinct from all feelings, thoughts, actions, or wills
D) Because Ishvara does not exist
  • 17. What do the metaphysics of the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools strongly suggest?
A) A belief in absolute free will
B) The non-existence of karma
C) A belief in determinism
D) The supremacy of maya
  • 18. What do the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools fail to make explicit?
A) The definition of the supreme being
B) Explicit claims about determinism or free will
C) The concept of the soul
D) Rules regarding ritual worship
  • 19. Who offered an example of the worry about free will through a quotation in the text?
A) Swami Vivekananda
B) Madhvacharya
C) Chandrashekhara Bharati Swaminah
D) Arjuna
  • 20. What did Swami Vivekananda state about free will?
A) There cannot be any such thing as free-will; the words are a contradiction
B) Free will is the ultimate truth of the universe
C) Free will exists outside of time and space
D) Will is completely unconditioned by causality
  • 21. According to Swami Vivekananda, what moulds everything within our universe?
A) Uncaused spontaneous events
B) The independent choices of jivas
C) Pure human desire and maya
D) Conditions of time, space and causality
  • 22. According to Swami Vivekananda, how can true freedom be acquired?
A) By mastering the physical body
B) By accumulating good karma
C) By exercising free will within the material world
D) To get beyond the limitations of this universe
  • 23. Which traditions have often emphasized the importance of free will?
A) Only the Nyaya school
B) Mimamsa, Vedanta, Shaivism, and Vaishnavism
C) Only the Samkhya and Yoga schools
D) Advaita schools exclusively
  • 24. How are living beings (jivas) described in the Bhagavad Gita regarding their nature?
A) As completely controlled by matter
B) As lacking any form of consciousness
C) As being of a higher nature who have freedom to exploit inferior material nature
D) As being entirely made of inferior material nature
  • 25. Within Vedanta, what does Madhvacharya argue about souls?
A) Souls are entirely independent of God
B) Souls dictate the actions of Lord Vishnu
C) Souls do not have any free will as Lord Vishnu prescribes all their actions
D) Souls possess absolute autonomous free will
  • 26. What two things does the doctrine of Karma require in Hinduism?
A) That future rewards are random and past actions are ignored
B) That God dictates all rewards without regard to human effort
C) That past actions are erased and present actions do not matter
D) That we pay for past actions and our present actions be free enough to deserve future results
  • 27. According to the Advaitin philosopher Chandrashekhara Bharati Swaminah, what is fate?
A) Past karma
B) Present karma
C) Divine intervention
D) An illusion created by maya
  • 28. According to Chandrashekhara Bharati Swaminah, what is free-will?
A) Present karma
B) Past karma
C) The will of Ishvara
D) Destiny
  • 29. How does Chandrashekhara Bharati Swaminah describe the relationship between fate and free-will?
A) Fate is real while free-will is a total illusion
B) They are really one, that is, karma, differing only in time
C) Free-will creates fate without any connection to karma
D) They are in permanent and irreconcilable conflict
  • 30. What does Chandrashekhara Bharati Swaminah say fate is the resultant of?
A) The direct commands of Lord Vishnu
B) The unconditioned laws of the material universe
C) The past exercise of your free-will
D) Random chance within maya
  • 31. According to Chandrashekhara Bharati Swaminah, what can you do by exercising your free-will in the present?
A) Escape the cycle of time permanently without karma
B) Eliminate the universe entirely
C) Wipe out past records or add to them
D) Change the nature of Ishvara
  • 32. Which Christian group holds a belief on original sin and free will that differs from Lutheran, Calvinist, and Arminian views?
A) Calvinist Protestants
B) Eastern Orthodox Church
C) Pelagian scholars
D) Roman Catholic Church
  • 33. What alternative name does the Eastern Orthodox Church use for original sin?
A) Total depravity
B) Ancestral sin
C) Personal fault
D) Initial grace
  • 34. What is the primary teaching held by the Orthodox Church regarding salvation and free will?
A) Predestination
B) Pelagianism
C) Synergy
D) Total depravity
  • 35. What does the Greek word 'συνεργός' (synergy) mean?
A) Predestined fate
B) Working together
C) Absolute control
D) Divine isolation
  • 36. Which 4th-century Church Father and pupil of St. John Chrysostom articulated the view of synergy?
A) Pontius Pilate
B) Vladimir Lossky
C) St. Augustine
D) St. John Cassian
  • 37. According to St. John Cassian, what is necessary to enable a sinner to return unto God?
A) Divine grace
B) Human perfection
C) Baptismal regeneration
D) Priesthood mediation
  • 38. Which Russian Orthodox novelist suggested many arguments for and against free will?
A) Alexander Solzhenitsyn
B) Leo Tolstoy
C) Anton Chekhov
D) Fyodor Dostoevsky
  • 39. In which work by Dostoevsky is the famous chapter 'The Grand Inquisitor' found?
A) Demons
B) Notes from Underground
C) The Brothers Karamazov
D) Crime and Punishment
  • 40. According to Dostoevsky's character Kirilov in the Demons novel, what acts as a validation of free will if it is irrational?
A) Unconditional love
B) Blind obedience
C) Religious conversion
D) Suicide
  • 41. Which Christian tradition's teaching corresponds closely to the image of the drowning man holding the rope?
A) Calvinist Protestantism
B) Lutheran monergism
C) Strict Pelagianism
D) Roman Catholic teaching
  • 42. According to Catholic teaching, what establishes cooperation between God's grace and man's freedom?
A) Predestination alone
B) Total depravity
C) Original sin
D) Justification
  • 43. In the order of Roman Catholic grace, whose initiative comes first?
A) The Holy Spirit's obedience to man
B) God's initiative
C) Man's independent choice
D) The collaborative effort starting simultaneously
  • 44. Which Orthodox theologian stated that John Cassian's teaching 'was interpreted, on the rational plane, as a semi-pelagianism, and was condemned in the West'?
A) St. John Chrysostom
B) Vladimir Lossky
C) Pontius Pilate
D) Fyodor Dostoevsky
  • 45. Between which years did the Council of Trent take place?
A) 1500-1520
B) 1450-1470
C) 1600-1620
D) 1545-1563
  • 46. What movement arose in Catholicism during the era of the original Jesuits and contradicted their teaching on free will?
A) Manichaeism
B) Arianism
C) Jansenism
D) Pelagianism
  • 47. Which French philosopher was an adherent of Jansenism?
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Blaise Pascal
C) René Descartes
D) Voltaire
  • 48. What is the title of the papal encyclical on human freedom written by Pope Leo XIII?
A) Libertas Praestantissimum
B) Humanae Vitae
C) Deus Caritas Est
D) Rerum Novarum
  • 49. In what year was the encyclical Libertas Praestantissimum published?
A) 1865
B) 1901
C) 1545
D) 1888
  • 50. What do 20th-century papal documents more often focus on condemning instead of explicitly condemning causal determinism?
A) The writings of John Duns Scotus
B) Physicalism/materialism
C) St. Augustine's theology
D) The Council of Trent
  • 51. What doctrine in theology is often alleged to be in conflict with free will?
A) Omniscience
B) Transcendence
C) Immanence
D) Omnipresence
  • 52. The problem between religious determinism and free will relates to whose analysis of the problem of the sea battle?
A) Søren Kierkegaard
B) Alvin Plantinga
C) Aristotle
D) William of Ockham
  • 53. What kind of conclusion is reached regarding the future based on past truths in the sea battle problem?
A) Indeterministic
B) Random
C) Deterministic
D) Probabilistic
  • 54. According to Philo, free will is a feature of what?
A) Divine foreknowledge
B) A human's soul
C) The natural philosophy
D) The physical reality
  • 55. According to Philo, which entities lack free will?
A) Divine beings
B) Omniscient beings
C) Non-human animals
D) Religious philosophers
  • 56. In Jewish philosophy, what Hebrew word meaning 'breath' is associated with the soul?
A) Yachid
B) Jabr
C) Neshama
D) Yechida
  • 57. Through which part of the soul is the ability to make a free choice possible in Jewish philosophy?
A) Destiny
B) Neshama
C) Jabr
D) Yechida
  • 58. Who developed an 'acquisition' or 'dual-agency' form of compatibilism in Islam?
A) William of Ockham
B) al-Ash'ari
C) Alvin Plantinga
D) Søren Kierkegaard
  • 59. Who claimed that divine omnipotence cannot be separated from divine goodness?
A) al-Ash'ari
B) William of Ockham
C) Søren Kierkegaard
D) Alvin Plantinga
  • 60. Whose free-will defense is a contemporary expansion of Kierkegaard's theme?
A) Aristotle
B) al-Ash'ari
C) Philo
D) Alvin Plantinga
  • 61. According to Michael Frede, where did Christians mainly get the concept of free will?
A) Judaism
B) Gnosticism
C) Platonism
D) Stoicism
  • 62. Who is identified as the leading scholar on the subject of free will in antiquity?
A) Michael Frede
B) Tertullian
C) Alister McGrath
D) Troels Engberg-Pedersen
  • 63. According to Michael Frede, from whom did early Church fathers develop their doctrine of free will?
A) Jewish rabbis
B) Egyptian pharaohs
C) Pagans
D) Roman politicians
  • 64. Who introduced the term 'free will' into Western Christianity?
A) Michael Frede
B) Alister McGrath
C) Paul
D) Tertullian
  • 65. What century did the theologian Tertullian belong to, according to the text?
A) Second-century
B) Third-century
C) Fourth-century
D) First-century
  • 66. What is Dr. Alister McGrath's academic affiliation mentioned in the text?
A) Princeton historian
B) Harvard researcher
C) Oxford scholar
D) Cambridge professor
  • 67. What is Troels Engberg-Pedersen's area of expertise?
A) Old Testament studies
B) Stoic philosophy
C) Pauline expert
D) Patristic theology
  • 68. The Oriental Orthodox Churches are also known as what?
A) Non-Chalcedonian Churches
B) Western Churches
C) Chalcedonian Churches
D) Post-Nicene Churches
  • 69. Who shares the Roman Catholic position that human consent to God's justifying action is an effect of grace?
A) Pelagius
B) Georges Florovsky
C) John Chrysostom
D) John Cassian
  • 70. What is the experience of salvation and relationship with God called once a person is baptised in the Orthodox view?
A) Synergy
B) Justification
C) Blasphemy
D) Theosis
  • 71. Do all Eastern Fathers accept John Cassian's teaching of synergy?
A) Yes
B) Only some
C) No
D) None
  • 72. According to Lutherans, what kind of matters do humans NOT have a free will concerning?
A) Civil righteousness
B) Everyday actions
C) Goods and possessions
D) Spiritual matters
  • 73. Humans have free will concerning what type of righteousness without needing the Holy Spirit?
A) Eternal righteousness
B) God-ward righteousness
C) Spiritual righteousness
D) Civil righteousness
  • 74. Without the presence of whom can humans not work spiritual righteousness?
A) Adam
B) Henry Cole
C) Erasmus
D) The Holy Spirit
  • 75. Who translated the controversial term liberum arbitrium as 'free-will'?
A) Henry Cole
B) Erasmus
C) Rupp and Watson
D) Paul Althaus
  • 76. Which study chose 'free choice' as the translation for liberum arbitrium?
A) The Bondage of the Will study
B) The Paul Althaus study
C) The Henry Cole study
D) The Rupp/Watson study
  • 77. What biblical word important to Luther means to be set free from sin and for righteousness?
A) Liberum
B) Metanoia
C) Monergism
D) Arbitrium
  • 78. With what part of an act does God concur?
A) The corruption of an act
B) The evil of an effect
C) The sinfulness of an intent
D) An act's effect
  • 79. Who was one of the strongest defenders of the Calvinist theological point of view in America?
A) Boethius
B) John L. Girardeau
C) Loraine Boettner
D) Jonathan Edwards
  • 80. Whose view offers the proposal that God is outside time and sees past, present, and future as one whole creation?
A) John Calvin
B) Boethius
C) Loraine Boettner
D) Jonathan Edwards
  • 81. What new school of thought was formed by theologians limiting or doing away with foreknowledge?
A) Libertarianism
B) Anabaptism
C) Open theism
D) Lutheranism
  • 82. Which Protestant group explicitly rejects the Calvinist doctrine of the perseverance of the saints?
A) Reformers
B) Puritans
C) Calvinists
D) Lutherans
  • 83. Whose teachings influenced Christians such as Methodists regarding the belief that God knows choices while still giving people the ability to choose?
A) John Calvin
B) Jesus Christ
C) Jacobus Arminius
D) Thomas Jay Oord
  • 84. Who offers what is described as 'perhaps the most cogent free will theology presupposing prevenient grace'?
A) Jacobus Arminius
B) John Calvin
C) Thomas Jay Oord
D) Jesus Christ
  • 85. What term does Thomas Jay Oord use for his theological concept?
A) Sovereign grace
B) Divine determinism
C) Absolute predestination
D) Essential kenosis
  • 86. Which Bible verse is cited to back up the view of essential kenosis and God's respect for human choice?
A) Genesis 1:1
B) John 3:16
C) Luke 13:34
D) Romans 8:28
  • 87. In Luke 13:34, who is Jesus lamenting over?
A) Capernaum
B) Jerusalem
C) Rome
D) Nazareth
  • 88. To what animal does Jesus compare His desire to gather Jerusalem's children in Luke 13:34?
A) A hen
B) A lion
C) A shepherd
D) An eagle
  • 89. What gift do Latter Day Saints believe God has given to all humans?
A) Divine determinism
B) Spiritual blindness
C) Moral agency
D) Absolute predestination
  • 90. Who favored no agency during the dispute in heaven?
A) Emanuel Swedenborg
B) Mormon leaders
C) Lucifer
D) The New Church
  • 91. What is another name for the New Church?
A) Mormonism
B) Latter Day Saint movement
C) Protestantism
D) Swedenborgianism
  • 92. Upon whose writings is the New Church founded?
A) Emanuel Swedenborg
B) Lucifer
C) Classical Protestant reformers
D) Mormon leaders
  • 93. What term did the Mu'tazili use for the human capacity to do right or wrong?
A) jabr
B) qadar
C) bechirah
D) mitzvot
  • 94. What is the Hebrew term for free choice used in Jewish theology?
A) mitzvot
B) bechirah chofshit
C) qadar
D) jabr
  • 95. In Jewish theology, the belief in free will is considered what?
A) axiomatic
B) optional
C) accidental
D) heretical
  • 96. The concept of reward and punishment in Jewish theology is rooted in what?
A) the Quran
B) the Mishnah
C) the New Testament
D) the Torah
  • 97. Which biblical book exemplifies the choices God gives the Israelites regarding worship and mitzvot?
A) Exodus
B) Leviticus
C) Genesis
D) Deuteronomy
  • 98. What specific verse number in Deuteronomy 30 is mentioned in the text regarding choices?
A) Deuteronomy 20:5
B) Deuteronomy 30:1
C) Deuteronomy 30:19
D) Deuteronomy 15:10
  • 99. What does God tell the Israelites to choose in Deuteronomy 30:19?
A) curse
B) life
C) silence
D) death
  • 100. Free will in Jewish philosophy is discussed secondly regarding what?
A) the physical laws of nature
B) the translation of the Torah
C) the historical exile of the Jews
D) the closely related resultant paradox
Created with That Quiz — the math test generation site with resources for other subject areas.