- 1. Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that investigates the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It explores the complex interactions between living organisms and their environment, focusing on the mechanisms through which elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle through various compartments of the Earth system. Biogeochemistry plays a crucial role in understanding global change phenomena, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation, by providing insights into how human activities influence biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning.
Which element is the primary constituent of organic molecules?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Carbon
- 2. What is the main process by which carbon enters the atmosphere from living organisms?
A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Decomposition
- 3. Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
A) Argon
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Oxygen
- 4. What is the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide to make food?
A) Cellular respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Transpiration
- 5. What is the term for the slow breakdown of rocks into smaller particles?
A) Weathering
B) Sedimentation
C) Deposition
D) Erosion
- 6. What is the circular movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans called?
A) Hydrologic cycle
B) Nitrogen cycle
C) Carbon cycle
D) Rock cycle
- 7. Which of the following is a key nutrient for plant growth?
A) Carbon
B) Sulfur
C) Nitrogen
D) Calcium
- 8. What process converts nitrogen gas into compounds that plants can absorb?
A) Nitrogen fixation
B) Nitrification
C) Ammonification
D) Nitrogen denitrification
- 9. What term describes the process of bacteria converting ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates?
A) Nitrification
B) Ammonification
C) Denitrification
D) Mineralization
- 10. What do the letters C, N, P, and S represent in biogeochemical cycles?
A) Calcium, Nickel, Potassium, Sodium
B) Chlorine, Neon, Palladium, Silicon
C) Copper, Nickel, Platinum, Silver
D) Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
- 11. In the nitrogen cycle, what is the main way nitrogen returns to the atmosphere?
A) Ammonification
B) Nitrification
C) Nitrogen fixation
D) Denitrification
- 12. What is the primary source of energy for most life on Earth?
A) Sunlight
B) Tidal forces
C) Geothermal heat
D) Wind
- 13. What is the term for the death and decay of organic matter into simpler substances?
A) Digestion
B) Photosynthesis
C) Decomposition
D) Eutrophication
- 14. What is the role of iron in marine ecosystems in relation to biogeochemistry?
A) Erosion of coastal cliffs
B) Algae growth and carbon dioxide absorption
C) Formation of acidic rain
D) Corrosion of ships
- 15. What element is essential for the structure of chlorophyll in plants?
A) Iron
B) Zinc
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium
- 16. What form does phosphorus often take in the ocean?
A) Phosphate
B) Phosphorus oxide
C) Phosphine gas
D) Organic phosphorus compounds
- 17. Which process involves the release of methane gas by microorganisms in oxygen-depleted environments?
A) Methanogenesis
B) Methylation
C) Methane combustion
D) Methane oxidation
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