Portrait painting - Quiz
Portrait painting
  • 1. Which emperor commissioned the 'Portraits of Confucius and Seventy-two Disciples'?
A) Emperor Gaozong
B) Kublai Khan
C) Araniko
D) Yang Qian
  • 2. Where were the portraits of Confucius and his disciples displayed during the Song dynasty?
A) On the walls of the city gate
B) In the Emperor's private palace
C) On a stone tablet at the Imperial University
D) In a forest near the capital
  • 3. What was the purported moral purpose of the Song dynasty portrait commission?
A) To document fashion trends
B) To educate students as a moral code
C) To highlight the wealth of the dynasty
D) To celebrate the Mongol conquest
  • 4. What did scholars argue was the hidden political motive of Emperor Gaozong?
A) To claim his policies were supported by Confucianism
B) To increase tax revenues
C) To improve relations with foreign empires
D) To establish a new religion
  • 5. Who painted the portraits of Kublai and Chabi?
A) Yang Qian
B) Emperor Gaozong
C) Araniko
D) Confucius
  • 6. In the portrait of Yang Qian, what does the bamboo symbolize?
A) Moral rightness
B) Financial wealth
C) Loyalty to the Mongol government
D) Reclusion from nature
  • 7. What does the background of Yang Qian's portrait represent?
A) The potential choice between reclusion and political service
B) A specific historical battle site
C) The absolute rejection of the Mongol government
D) The standard interior of a scholar's study
  • 8. What techniques did Araniko use to reinforce the shape of figures in his portraits?
A) Pure ink wash without coloring
B) Outlining with ink and reinforcing with color
C) Oil layering and brush strokes
D) Charcoal sketching and water wash
  • 9. Which aesthetic influenced the highlights on Empress Chabi's jewelry?
A) Song Chinese
B) European
C) Himalayan
D) Japanese
  • 10. How does the composition of the Yuan dynasty imperial portraits differ from the Song dynasty style?
A) They focus heavily on emotional spirit
B) They are more fluid and narrative
C) They are highly symmetrical and rigid
D) They avoid the use of color
  • 11. What feature of the Yuan dynasty portraits creates a 'confrontational impact' on the viewer?
A) The blurred facial expressions of the sitters
B) The inclusion of handwritten inscriptions
C) Full frontal orientation and centered pupils
D) The use of bright, contrasting landscapes
  • 12. How does the Yuan dynasty imperial portrait style compare to the Song dynasty in terms of capturing spirit?
A) Song portraits lacked spirit compared to Yuan
B) Yuan portraits lack the emphasis on the sitter's spirit
C) Both emphasize the capture of spirit equally
D) Yuan portraits emphasize spirit more than Song portraits
  • 13. What dilemma did the Chinese intelligentsia face during the Yuan dynasty?
A) Choosing between moving to the Himalayas or staying in China
B) Choosing between Buddhism and Confucianism
C) Choosing between landscape and portrait painting
D) Choosing between reclusion or new political careers
  • 14. Which artist is known for using non-naturalistic and garish colors for skin tones in his portraits?
A) Otto Dix
B) Pablo Picasso
C) Gustav Klimt
D) Henri Matisse
  • 15. Which artist incorporated gold paint and Byzantine motifs into his portraits?
A) Gustav Klimt
B) Amedeo Modigliani
C) Oskar Kokoschka
D) Max Beckmann
  • 16. Who was the pupil of Gustav Klimt known for portraiture of the Viennese upper class?
A) Otto Dix
B) Francis Picabia
C) Oskar Kokoschka
D) Max Ernst
  • 17. How did Pablo Picasso treat the likeness of subjects in his cubist portraits?
A) Hyper-realistic
B) Traditionalist
C) Highly simplified
D) Grossly distorted
  • 18. Olga Boznańska was an artist associated with which movement?
A) Dadaism
B) Cubism
C) Vorticism
D) French impressionism
  • 19. Max Beckmann was particularly notable for producing which type of work?
A) Landscapes
B) Abstract murals
C) Sculptural reliefs
D) Self-portraits
  • 20. Which artist is associated with the Art Deco era and used streamlined curves and sharp angles?
A) Max Ernst
B) Olga Boznańska
C) George Bellows
D) Tamara de Lempicka
  • 21. Who painted the 1922 modern collegial portrait titled All Friends Together?
A) Max Ernst
B) George Bellows
C) Robert Henri
D) Andy Warhol
  • 22. Which artist painted the 'Helga' series?
A) Lucian Freud
B) Andrew Wyeth
C) Chuck Close
D) Jamie Wyeth
  • 23. How many studies were included in Andrew Wyeth's 'Helga' series?
A) 247
B) 100
C) 500
D) 27
  • 24. Which artist's portrait titled Benefits Supervisor Sleeping sold for $33.6 million in 2008?
A) Lucian Freud
B) Chuck Close
C) Andy Warhol
D) Francis Bacon
  • 25. What is the primary characteristic of Francis Bacon's portraiture?
A) Byzantine motifs
B) Nightmarish quality
C) Hyper-realistic detail
D) Streamlined Art Deco style
  • 26. Which artist is famous for huge, hyper-realistic wall-sized 'head' portraits?
A) Chuck Close
B) Jamie Wyeth
C) Andy Warhol
D) Alex Katz
  • 27. Which work by Andy Warhol features the pop singer Prince?
A) All Friends Together
B) Orange Prince
C) Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
D) Orange Shot Marilyn
  • 28. Who is the artist famous for painting subjects ranging from presidents to pigs?
A) George Bellows
B) Robert Henri
C) Jamie Wyeth
D) Andrew Wyeth
  • 29. Which group represented British art in the early 20th century through portraiture?
A) Vorticists
B) Impressionists
C) Dadaists
D) Expressionists
  • 30. Which of the following is NOT listed as a medium for portraits?
A) Digital art
B) Lithography
C) Photography
D) Sculpture carving
  • 31. How is a portrait that depicts the whole body described?
A) Three-quarter view
B) Full-length
C) Bust
D) Half-length
  • 32. What part of the face does Gordon C. Aymar suggest is the most reliable for information?
A) The eyes
B) The mouth
C) The ears
D) The chin
  • 33. What painting is mentioned as an example of a subject not facing the viewer?
A) Christina's World
B) Portrait of George Washington
C) Portrait of Madame X
D) Mme. Charpentier and her children
  • 34. What was the average number of sittings for a portrait?
A) About four
B) Fifty
C) One
D) One hundred
  • 35. What does a self-portrait require the artist to use?
A) A mirror
B) A second painter
C) A photograph
D) A professional model
  • 36. Which artist is known for requiring over 100 sittings?
A) Cézanne
B) Gilbert Stuart
C) Goya
D) Raphael
  • 37. What is the common term for a 'head and shoulders' portrait?
A) Full-length
B) Bust
C) Three-quarter
D) Profile
  • 38. In the 18th century, how long did it typically take to deliver a completed portrait?
A) A day
B) A month
C) A year
D) A week
  • 39. What was the result of Gilbert Stuart's retort regarding a 'potato' and a 'peach'?
A) A commission success
B) A masterpiece
C) A lower price
D) A client's dissatisfaction
  • 40. In which ancient civilization were depictions of rulers as gods abundant?
A) China
B) Rome
C) Greece
D) Egypt
  • 41. During which century BC did Egyptian portraiture start placing more emphasis on likeness?
A) 5th century BC
B) 20th century BC
C) 14th century BC
D) 10th century BC
  • 42. How far back do Chinese portraits of notables likely go?
A) 500 AD
B) 2000 BC
C) 100 AD
D) Over 1000 BC
  • 43. What evidence exists for the presence of portraiture in ancient Greek painting?
A) Papyrus sketches
B) Stone murals
C) Surviving canvas paintings
D) Literary evidence
  • 44. Which ruler's head was first added to coins by his successors?
A) Alexander the Great
B) Theodosius I
C) Pliny the Elder
D) Constantine I
  • 45. What is the primary location for the survival of Roman-era painted portraits?
A) Athens, Greece
B) Rome, Italy
C) Byzantium, Turkey
D) Fayum, Egypt
  • 46. Who complained that Roman portrait art was declining?
A) Constantine I
B) Alexander the Great
C) Pliny the Elder
D) Socrates
  • 47. What happened to the interest in individual likeness in the Late Antique period?
A) It remained the same
B) It focused only on children
C) It declined considerably
D) It increased significantly
  • 48. What type of images did Early Christian art evolve for religious figures?
A) Fairly standardized images
B) Abstract geometric shapes
C) Caricatures of historical figures
D) Highly realistic individual portraits
  • 49. Which artist is credited with creating a self-portrait in 1152?
A) Jan van Eyck
B) Hildegard of Bingen
C) Robert Campin
D) Leonardo da Vinci
  • 50. What is the Wilton Diptych (ca. 1400) a portrait of?
A) Henry VIII
B) Charles IV
C) Cosimo I de' Medici
D) Richard II of England
  • 51. Which of the following was a master of Early Netherlandish portrait painting?
A) Rogier van der Weyden
B) Raphael
C) Sandro Botticelli
D) Michelangelo
  • 52. What medium allowed Northern European artists to achieve greater realism in the 15th century?
A) Fresco
B) Oil colors
C) Tempera
D) Watercolor
  • 53. Why did artists switch from wood to canvas in the 16th century?
A) Canvas was easier to find
B) Canvas allows for faster drying
C) Canvas resists cracking better than wood
D) Canvas was cheaper than wood
  • 54. Which painting by Jan van Eyck is considered a landmark of Western art for its depiction of a full-length couple?
A) School of Athens
B) The Mona Lisa
C) Ginevra de' Benci
D) The Arnolfini Marriage
  • 55. Which artist is known for making a sequence of self-portraits beginning at age thirteen?
A) Lucas Cranach
B) Albrecht Dürer
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Hans Holbein the Younger
  • 56. What subject did Hans Holbein the Younger famously paint in 1527 while in England?
A) Henry VIII
B) Charles IV
C) Richard II
D) Sir Thomas More
  • 57. What is the primary characteristic of the 'Mona Lisa smile' according to the text?
A) Exaggerated width
B) Subtle asymmetry
C) Absence of teeth
D) Perfect symmetry
  • 58. Which artist is noted for being one of the first child portraitists?
A) Masaccio
B) Leonardo da Vinci
C) Raphael
D) Titian
  • 59. Who painted the portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici showing the ruler in armor with a wary eye?
A) Titian
B) Raphael
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Agnolo Bronzino
  • 60. Which artist moved to Spain and emphasized an 'inner vision' over physical appearance?
A) Hans Holbein the Younger
B) Agnolo Bronzino
C) Albrecht Dürer
D) El Greco
  • 61. Who is credited with creating the first caricatures?
A) Frans Hals
B) The Accademia degli Incamminati
C) Rembrandt
D) Diego Velázquez
  • 62. Which artist painted 'Las Meninas'?
A) Diego Velázquez
B) Frans Hals
C) Peter Paul Rubens
D) Sir Anthony van Dyck
  • 63. What did Sir Joshua Reynolds believe was most important in a portrait?
A) Using very long brushes
B) Observing exact similitude of every feature
C) Taking the general air
D) Painting only the background
  • 64. Which artist introduced humor into portraiture with his 'Self-portrait with Pug'?
A) John Trumbull
B) William Hogarth
C) Thomas Gainsborough
D) Gilbert Stuart
  • 65. Which American artist was known for painting over 100 replicas of George Washington?
A) John Trumbull
B) Gilbert Stuart
C) John Singleton Copley
D) Charles Willson Peale
  • 66. What technique did Rembrandt use in 'The Night Watch' to create unconventional lighting?
A) Pointillism
B) Chiaroscuro
C) Fresco
D) Impasto
  • 67. Who was the French painter known as a chronicler of royalty, painting five French kings?
A) Peter Paul Rubens
B) Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
C) Hyacinthe Rigaud
D) François Boucher
  • 68. Which female painter is mentioned as a notable portraitist of the 18th century?
A) Madame de Pompadour
B) Rosalba Carriera
C) Angelica Kauffman
D) Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
  • 69. What style did female portrait subjects often wear in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?
A) Traditional armor
B) Ornate floral corsets
C) Heavy velvet robes
D) Diaphanous gowns
  • 70. Which French painter is known for painting a mirror behind the subject to show a rear view?
A) Jacques-Louis David
B) Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
C) Gustave Courbet
D) Eugène Delacroix
  • 71. Which romantic artist is known for a series of portraits depicting mental patients?
A) Francisco de Goya
B) Piotr Michałowski
C) Théodore Géricault
D) Honoré Daumier
  • 72. Which artist is described as a transitional figure between realism and impressionism?
A) Thomas Eakins
B) Gustave Courbet
C) Mary Cassatt
D) Édouard Manet
  • 73. Who was considered the last major exponent of the British portrait tradition?
A) Cecilia Beaux
B) Edgar Degas
C) Giovanni Boldini
D) John Singer Sargent
  • 74. Which American artist was known as the 'female Sargent'?
A) Jane Avril
B) Cecilia Beaux
C) Edith Mahon
D) Mary Cassatt
  • 75. Which of these painters was famous for his caricatures of his contemporaries?
A) Honoré Daumier
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Pierre-Auguste Renoir
D) Claude Monet
  • 76. Who painted the portrait of the Bellelli Family?
A) Edgar Degas
B) Gustave Courbet
C) Édouard Manet
D) Thomas Eakins
  • 77. From which group did the convention of non-individualized features in Persian miniatures derive?
A) Mongol Ilkhanids
B) Qajar dynasty
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Mughal Empire
  • 78. What orientation was normal for individual portraits in the Mughal tradition?
A) Profile
B) Frontal
C) Full-back view
D) Three-quarter view
  • 79. What condition did Emperor Akbar the Great likely have?
A) Poor eyesight
B) Color blindness
C) Blindness
D) Dyslexia
  • 80. What feature often appeared on the portraits of Mughal emperors to show status?
A) Halos
B) Swords
C) Crowns
D) Jeweled turbans
  • 81. Who were the primary audience for the small, exaggerated portraits of the Ottoman imperial family?
A) Foreign dignitaries
B) Religious leaders
C) The general public
D) A very restricted circle
  • 82. Which dynasty used large oil paintings for royal portraits?
A) Ottoman
B) Mughal
C) Qajar
D) Ilkhanid
  • 83. What kind of features did the chief figure in a court scene have in the Persian miniature tradition?
A) European-looking features
B) Chinese-looking features
C) Abstract shapes
D) Highly individualized features
  • 84. Which group was an exception to the lack of likeness in portraits?
A) Imperial palace guards
B) Buddhist clergy
C) Taoist merchants
D) Confucian bureaucrats
  • 85. Who was allowed to pay homage to imperial ancestor portraits?
A) All government officials
B) The most senior ministers
C) Foreign dignitaries
D) The general public
  • 86. What practice did Taoist scholars study during the Han dynasty?
A) Physiognomy
B) Calligraphy
C) Astronomy
D) Mathematics
  • 87. How often could senior ministers visit the imperial gallery of ancestor portraits?
A) Once per decade
B) Every month
C) Only upon the death of an emperor
D) Once a year
  • 88. Who founded the Western Jin dynasty in 266 AD?
A) Rong Qiqi
B) Ruan Xian
C) Gu Kaizhi
D) Sima Yan
  • 89. What is the length of the relief painting found in the Nanjing tomb?
A) 35 inches
B) 96 inches
C) 150 inches
D) 200 inches
  • 90. How many figure portraits are contained in the Jin dynasty thread-relief painting?
A) Four
B) Seven
C) Eight
D) Ten
  • 91. Which figure in the relief is not one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove?
A) Liu Ling
B) Ruan Ji
C) Rong Qiqi
D) Ji Kang
  • 92. What activity is Liu Ling depicted doing in the relief painting?
A) Playing the flute
B) Writing literature
C) Dancing
D) Drinking alcohol
  • 93. What musical instrument is Ruan Xian shown playing in the portrait?
A) A drum
B) A flute
C) A harp
D) A zither
  • 94. What kind of vessel is Liu Ling holding in the painting?
A) A vase
B) An erbei
C) A bowl
D) A goblet
  • 95. Which Jin dynasty artist wrote the book 'On Painting'?
A) Ruan Xian
B) Gu Kaizhi
C) Sima Yan
D) Shan Tao
  • 96. Which dynasty saw an increase in the humanization and personalization of portrait painting?
A) Song dynasty
B) Tang dynasty
C) Han dynasty
D) Ming dynasty
  • 97. What religious influence contributed to more realistic portrait features during the Tang dynasty?
A) Confucianism
B) Shintoism
C) Taoism
D) Buddhism
  • 98. What concept in Mahayana Buddhism linked an image's presence to the presence of a real person?
A) Imperial legitimacy
B) Temporal incorruptibility
C) Spiritual consonance
D) Chronological succession
  • 99. How many emperors were depicted in the scroll commissioned by Emperor Taizong?
A) Twelve
B) Ten
C) Fifteen
D) Thirteen
  • 100. How did Emperor Taizong use costumes to indicate his opinion of the emperors in the scroll?
A) All emperors were dressed in identical royal robes
B) Informal costumes indicated bad rulers, formal dress indicated high achievements
C) Only the Tang dynasty emperors wore formal attire
D) Informal costumes indicated wise scholars, formal dress indicated warriors
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