AREA 3 SUBJECT 3
  • 1. An investigator interviews a witness in a friendly, non-accusatory manner to gather facts about a crime. This process best exemplifies which technique?
A) Elicitation
B) Interrogation
C) Cross-examination
D) Interview
  • 2. Which of the following best distinguishes an interview from an interrogation?
A) Both are the same under Philippine law.
B) An interrogation seeks to obtain admissions or confessions; an interview gathers information.
C) An interrogation is done before arrest; interview after arrest.
D) An interview is accusatory, while interrogation is neutral
  • 3. When an investigator uses empathy and understanding to encourage a suspect to talk, which method of interrogation is being applied?
A) Coercive technique
B) Emotional appeal
C) Logical approach
D) Direct approach
  • 4. The legal requirement that a confession must be made voluntarily ensures the observance of which constitutional right?
A) Right to privacy
B) Right against unreasonable search
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Right to bail
  • 5. The admissibility of a confession depends on its being made:
A) Before the barangay captain
B) Under oath and notarized
C) In writing and in the presence of a police officer
D) Voluntarily, intelligently, and with counsel
  • 6. A confession made without the presence of counsel is inadmissible because it violates which rule of law?
A) Chain of custody rule
B) Miranda Doctrine
C) Rule on res gestae
D) Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
  • 7. What is the primary purpose of the Miranda warning in police interrogation?
A) To make the suspect feel guilty
B) To shorten the process of interrogation
C) To ensure that confessions are voluntary and informed
D) To protect the investigator from liability
  • 8. A statement made by a dying person regarding the cause of his death is called:
A) Confession
B) Dying declaration
C) Res gestae
D) Admission
  • 9. For a dying declaration to be admissible, it must be shown that:
A) The declaration was made before a lawyer
B) The declarant believed death was imminent.
C) The declarant was under police custody
D) The statement was in writing.
  • 10. The principle that a dying person would not meet death with a lie is known as:
A) Rule of Res Gestae
B) Doctrine of dying declaration
C) Principle of truthfulness
D) Doctrine of finality
  • 11. Statements made immediately after a startling event, without time to fabricate, are known as:
A) Res gestae
B) Admissions
C) Independent relevant statements
D) Confessions
  • 12. Which of the following is an example of an independent relevant statement?
A) A doctor’s report describing injuries
B) . A bystander’s remark identifying the victim’s assailant
C) A suspect’s confession to police
D) A witness’ excited utterance during the crime
  • 13. During interrogation, a suspect breaks down and admits the crime. The confession will be inadmissible if:
A) It was made in private
B) It was made after prolonged questioning
C) It was made without counsel
D) It was written in English
  • 14. Which of the following is NOT a type of interview used in criminal investigation?
A) Investigative interview
B) Structured interview
C) Cognitive interview
D) Coercive interview
  • 15. In the cognitive interview technique, the investigator encourages the witness to:
A) Recall events from different perspectives
B) Confess guilt
C) Guess what happened
D) Create a timeline
  • 16. Which of the following makes a confession valid and admissible?
A) Taken under oath in a barangay hearing
B) Signed before an ordinary witness
C) Made before a prosecutor without counsel
D) Made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently with counsel present
  • 17. A suspect confesses under threat of harm from the police. Under the Rules of Evidence, the confession is
A) Partially admissible
B) Conditional
C) Admissible
D) Inadmissible
  • 18. What distinguishes an admission from a confession?
A) An admission is an acknowledgment of fact; a confession is acknowledgment of guilt.
B) An admission relates to the whole offense; a confession only to parts.
C) They are synonymous in criminal law
D) A confession is made before arrest; an admission after.
  • 19. In evaluating a suspect’s confession, the court will primarily consider:
A) The investigator’s experience
B) The seriousness of the crime
C) The number of witnesses
D) The presence of counsel and voluntariness
  • 20. When the suspect exercises the right to remain silent, the investigator must:
A) Detain the suspect longer
B) Continue the questioning
C) Use persuasion
D) Stop the interrogation immediately
  • 21. During a police interview, the investigator allows the suspect to narrate freely without interruption. Which method of questioning is being applied?
A) Cross-Examination Approach
B) Cognitive Interview
C) Narrative Method
D) Structured Interview
  • 22. In an interrogation, the investigator deliberately pauses after the suspect gives an incomplete answer to encourage further disclosure. This technique is known as:
A) Silence technique
B) Emotional appeal
C) Repetition technique
D) Theme development
  • 23. Which of the following best distinguishes an interview from an interrogation?
A) Interview is accusatory; interrogation is non-accusatory
B) Interview is conducted privately; interrogation publicly
C) Interview is conducted before arrest; interrogation after arrest
D) Interview is for witnesses; interrogation for complainants
  • 24. A police investigator fails to inform a suspect of his constitutional rights before taking a confession. Which is the legal consequence?
A) The confession remains admissible
B) The confession can still be admitted with corroboration
C) The confession is considered involuntary and inadmissible
D) The confession may be admitted if written and signed
  • 25. Which of the following elements is NOT essential for a confession to be admissible?
A) It must be made with the assistance of counsel
B) It must be voluntary
C) It must be in writing
D) It must be expressed and categorical
  • 26. A dying person tells a nurse that “Juan stabbed me because I refused to give him money.” Which statement is legally valid as a dying declaration?
A) It is inadmissible unless recorded by a police officer
B) Only the part identifying the assailant is admissible
C) The entire statement is admissible if made under a belief of impending death
D) The whole statement is inadmissible for lack of formality
  • 27. A confession made without counsel but later affirmed in open court with counsel present is:
A) Admissible if the suspect signed a waiver
B) Admissible only if corroborated by physical evidence
C) Inadmissible for being originally obtained in violation of constitutional rights
D) Admissible because it was later confirmed
  • 28. A statement made by a victim who later dies, but who did not believe death was imminent, may be admitted as:
A) Dying declaration
B) Part of res gestae
C) Independent relevant statement
D) Admission
  • 29. Which principle guides the admissibility of a dying declaration under Rule 130 of the Rules on Evidence?
A) Opportunity and impartiality
B) Voluntariness and legality
C) Materiality and spontaneity
D) Necessity and trustworthiness
  • 30. A suspect admits that he “might have hit the victim by accident.” What type of admission is this?
A) Tacit confession
B) Qualified admission
C) Extrajudicial confession
D) Judicial admission
  • 31. During an interrogation, the investigator uses deception to make the suspect believe evidence exists. Which statement is correct?
A) Deception requires approval from a prosecutor
B) Deception is prohibited under all circumstances
C) Deception invalidates all statements
D) Deception may be used if it does not induce false confession
  • 32. A witness spontaneously blurts out, “He ran that way after shooting the man!” immediately after the crime. This statement is classified as
A) Res gestae statement
B) Admission against interest
C) Dying declaration
D) Confession
  • 33. A police officer questions a suspect for six hours without counsel and without informing him of his rights. The resulting statement is:
A) Valid under implied waiver doctrine
B) Admissible due to continuous questioning
C) Voluntary admission
D) Coerced confession
  • 34. Which of the following is not a proper objective of interrogation?
A) test the validity of gathered evidence
B) To obtain a confession
C) To intimidate the suspect into cooperating
D) To elicit truth about participation in a crime
  • 35. When the declarant’s statement is offered only to prove that the statement was made, not for its truth, it falls under:
A) Hearsay
B) Independent relevant statement
C) Admission
D) Confession
  • 36. Which of the following situations best fits the rule on dying declaration?
A) The declarant must die immediately after the statement
B) The declaration must be in written form
C) The declarant must believe death is inevitable
D) The declarant must identify the killer in the statement
  • 37. When a suspect’s statement is taken with counsel but through threat and intimidation, the statement is:
A) Admissible because counsel was present
B) Inadmissible for being involuntary
C) Admissible only as corroborative evidence
D) Valid if re-affirmed later
  • 38. An investigator allows the witness to reconstruct the crime scene mentally to enhance recall. This method refers to
A) Narrative reconstruction
B) Cognitive interviewing
C) Investigative visualization
D) Hypnosis technique
  • 39. A confession obtained during custodial investigation without the presence of counsel but repeated voluntarily in court with counsel is:
A) Admissible as corroborative evidence
B) Admissible in full
C) Admissible only in part
D) Inadmissible due to constitutional violation
  • 40. A victim tells his neighbor before dying, “Tell my mother that Pedro stabbed me.” The victim clearly thought he was dying. This statement is:
A) Confession
B) Admission against interest
C) Inadmissible hearsay
D) Dying declaration
  • 41. A confession made after the suspect was informed of his rights but before counsel arrived is:
A) Valid if the suspect signed a waiver before a barangay official
B) Admissible if the suspect voluntarily talked
C) Inadmissible for lack of counsel during questioning
D) Admissible if reduced into writing and signed freely
  • 42. During an interrogation, the investigator builds rapport and gradually shifts to direct questioning about the crime. This process is part of which interrogation phase?
A) Approach phase
B) Termination phase
C) Preparation phase
D) Question-and-answer phase
  • 43. The “PEACE” model (Preparation, Engage, Account, Closure, Evaluation) commonly used in investigative interviewing focuses on:
A) Extracting confession through pressure
B) Use of psychological manipulation
C) Rapid confessional tactics
D) Structured, ethical, and non-coercive questioning
  • 44. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of interrogation under Philippine law?
A) Using intimidation or threat to induce confession
B) Encouraging voluntary cooperation
C) Presenting evidence to elicit a truthful reaction
D) Allowing the suspect to narrate his version freely
  • 45. In applying the “logical approach” to interrogation, the investigator primarily relies on:
A) Deception and bluffing
B) Logical reasoning and factual inconsistencies
C) Emotional appeal and sympathy
D) Physical pressure
  • 46. When a witness’s statement is taken immediately after the incident to preserve accuracy of recollection, it is called:
A) Investigative debriefing
B) Cognitive interrogation
C) Cross-examination
D) Preliminary interview
  • 47. A suspect, after consulting with his lawyer, voluntarily admits his role in the crime without coercion. The confession is
A) Inadmissible unless signed by two witnesses
B) Considered res gestae
C) Admissible in evidence
D) Inadmissible for being post-consultation
  • 48. The main purpose of conducting an interview before an interrogation is to:
A) Gather information without accusation
B) Intimidate the suspect to confess
C) Obtain physical evidence
D) Determine guilt beyond reasonable doubt
  • 49. Under the Rules on Evidence, which of the following is required for a dying declaration to be valid?
A) The declaration must concern the cause or circumstances of death
B) The declarant must identify the killer
C) The declarant must be under oath
D) The statement must be recorded by a police investigator
  • 50. A statement made by a witness out of court to explain his subsequent actions, not to prove the truth of the statement, is an example of:
A) Res gestae
B) Independent relevant statement
C) Confession
D) Admission
  • 51. The key distinguishing element between theft and robbery under the Revised Penal Code is:
A) The number of offenders
B) The value of the property stolen
C) The use or threat of violence or intimidation
D) The intent to gain
  • 52. Which of the following is a crucial initial step in investigating a robbery incident?
A) Conducting a background check on the victim
B) Tracing the stolen property
C) Filing the case immediately
D) Securing the crime scene and interviewing witnesses
  • 53. The modus operandi of the suspect and the means of entry and escape are primarily analyzed during which phase of property crime investigation?
A) Suspect profiling
B) Evidence collection
C) Intelligence gathering
D) Crime scene reconstruction
  • 54. The main difference between estafa and theft is:
A) Theft requires intent to gain; estafa does not.
B) Estafa involves deceit or abuse of confidence; theft does not.
C) Estafa occurs only in corporate settings.
D) Theft requires a written contract; estafa does not
  • 55. In investigating estafa cases, the most vital documentary evidence is:
A) Property inventory
B) CCTV footage
C) Written or electronic proof of deceit or fraudulent transaction
D) Confession of the accused
  • 56. A car is taken without the owner’s consent with intent to gain. This act falls under:
A) Carnapping
B) Estafa
C) Qualified theft
D) Robbery
  • 57. The Anti-Carnapping Law (R.A. 10883) defines carnapping as the taking of a motor vehicle:
A) Without violence but with intent to gain
B) Only when the vehicle is sold illegally
C) With or without the owner’s consent, with intent to gain
D) With violence or intimidation only
  • 58. Under R.A. 10883, when carnapping results in the death of a person, the penalty is:
A) Life imprisonment
B) Reclusion perpetua to death
C) Reclusion temporal
D) Death by lethal injection
  • 59. In the investigation of carnapping cases, the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is primarily used to:
A) Determine insurance status
B) Locate the driver
C) Identify the manufacturer
D) Trace ownership and vehicle identity
  • 60. The Anti-Fencing Law (P.D. 1612) penalizes
A) Those who report stolen property
B) Only those who steal cars
C) Those who physically steal property
D) Those who deal in stolen property knowing it was stolen
  • 61. The essential element that distinguishes a fencer from a thief is:
A) The ownership of the property
B) The absence of intent to gain
C) The act of possession rather than the act of taking
D) The act of concealing the property
  • 62. Which document serves as the primary reference in proving ownership of a motor vehicle in carnapping cases?
A) Insurance policy
B) Driver’s license
C) Certificate of Registration and Official Receipt (CR/OR)
D) Sales invoice
  • 63. The presumption of fencing arises when:
A) The accused possesses stolen property without satisfactory explanation
B) The accused buys property from a store
C) The property is found hidden
D) The accused was seen near the crime scene
  • 64. The Anti-Fencing Law (P.D. 1612) was enacted primarily to:
A) Prevent the circulation of stolen property in commerce
B) Reduce robbery incidents
C) Punish the original thief
D) Penalize accessory crimes of selling stolen goods
  • 65. In human trafficking under R.A. 9208, the core element is:
A) Payment of recruitment fees
B) Exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion
C) Use of minors in employment
D) Recruitment for legal overseas work
  • 66. R.A. 10364 (Expanded Anti-Trafficking Act) strengthened R.A. 9208 by:
A) Limiting jurisdiction to the Philippines only
B) Allowing voluntary prostitution
C) Decriminalizing illegal recruitment
D) Including internet-facilitated trafficking and accessory liability
  • 67. The latest amendment, R.A. 11862 (Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2022), focuses on:
A) Strengthening prosecution and extraterritorial jurisdiction
B) Reducing penalties for traffickers
C) Increasing fines
D) Limiting law enforcement authority
  • 68. The victim-centered approach in human trafficking investigations emphasizes:
A) Media exposure
B) Protection and rehabilitation of victims
C) Immediate deportation
D) Aggressive interrogation
  • 69. Under R.A. 9208, the following is NOT considered trafficking:
A) Forced labor
B) Debt bondage
C) Exploitation of prostitution
D) Adoption following legal procedures
  • 70. One of the stages of money laundering where illegal money enters the financial system is called:
A) Integration
B) Layering
C) Structuring
D) Placement
  • 71. The layering stage of money laundering involves:
A) Depositing the proceeds
B) Moving funds through various accounts to hide origin
C) Reporting suspicious transactions
D) Investing clean money
  • 72. The integration stage occurs when:
A) The launderer hides the funds abroad
B) The launderer deposits cash in small amounts
C) Authorities freeze the assets
D) The launderer mixes illicit funds with legitimate businesses
  • 73. The Anti-Money Laundering Act (R.A. 9160) aims to:
A) Encourage secret banking
B) Prevent the financial system from being used for criminal proceeds
C) Regulate pawnshops
D) Allow anonymous foreign accounts
  • 74. Under R.A. 10927, casinos are included as:
A) Charitable organizations
B) Non-reporting entities
C) Covered persons under AMLA
D) Exempt institutions
  • 75. Under AMLA, a transaction exceeding ₱500,000 within one banking day must be reported as:
A) Threshold transaction
B) Covered transaction
C) Suspicious transaction
D) Layered transaction
  • 76. Failure of a covered institution to report suspicious transactions constitutes:
A) Gross negligence
B) Administrative offense only
C) A criminal violation under AMLA
D) No liability if unintentional
  • 77. The body primarily responsible for enforcing AMLA is:
A) Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC)
B) Securities and Exchange Commission
C) Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
D) Department of Justice
  • 78. The approach in investigating theft focuses on:
A) Establishing the suspect’s income
B) Checking bank accounts
C) Locating stolen property and proving intent to gain
D) Identifying the victim’s negligence
  • 79. The investigative approach in robbery emphasizes:
A) Conducting digital forensics
B) Identifying use of force or intimidation and weapon evidence
C) Studying the suspect’s financial background
D) Recovery of stolen property only
  • 80. In estafa investigations, one must primarily analyze:
A) Suspect’s criminal record
B) Place of transaction only
C) Modus operandi and deceit pattern
D) The victim’s wealth
  • 81. Under R.A. 10883, the registered owner’s failure to report a stolen vehicle within 24 hours may result in:
A) Administrative sanction
B) Presumption of involvement in the crime
C) Forfeiture of insurance claims
D) No consequence
  • 82. A person who buys a motorcycle at a suspiciously low price without verifying ownership documents may be liable for:
A) Theft
B) Estafa
C) Fencing
D) Carnapping
  • 83. Under AMLA, a Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) is required when:
A) The depositor is a senior citizen
B) The transaction is legal but complex or unusual
C) The account balance is low
D) The account is new
  • 84. In investigating money laundering, the financial trail is reconstructed mainly through:
A) News reports
B) Witness interviews
C) Bank advertisements
D) Paper and digital transaction audit
  • 85. The common investigative challenge across property, financial, and trafficking crimes is:
A) Media pressure
B) Political influence
C) International cooperation and evidence tracing
D) Lack of police equipment
  • 86. A police investigator observes that a crime scene has no signs of forced entry, yet valuable items are missing. Which crime is most likely being investigated?
A) Estafa
B) Robbery
C) Theft
D) Carnapping
  • 87. In distinguishing theft from robbery, which investigative focus is most critical?
A) Presence or absence of violence or intimidation
B) Relationship between victim and offender
C) The monetary value of the property stolen
D) Use of deception or false pretenses
  • 88. A businessman convinces several investors to give money for a fake project. Which investigative approach should be applied?
A) Physical evidence collection at the scene
B) Vehicle tracing system
C) Property recovery operation
D) Financial and documentary audit
  • 89. In robbery cases, an investigator should prioritize the collection of which type of evidence?
A) Documentary and bank receipts
B) Physical evidence like weapons or fingerprints
C) Vehicle registration documents
D) Computer logs and online records
  • 90. In a case of estafa, what kind of evidence is most crucial for conviction?
A) Physical evidence at the crime scene
B) DNA evidence
C) Documentary evidence proving deceit and damage
D) Eyewitness testimony
  • 91. Under R.A. 10883 (New Anti-Carnapping Law), when is the crime of carnapping considered consummated?
A) When the vehicle is sold to another person
B) When the vehicle leaves the city or province
C) When the offender takes possession without consent of the owner
D) When the owner reports the loss
  • 92. A vehicle is stolen and immediately disassembled for sale of parts. Under R.A. 10883, this is classified as:
A) Theft
B) Simple carnapping
C) Robbery
D) Qualified carnapping
  • 93. Under P.D. 1612 (Anti-Fencing Law), which of the following elements must be proven to establish guilt?
A) Knowledge or reasonable presumption that the item was stolen
B) Personal relationship between the thief and the fence
C) Ownership of stolen property by the fence
D) Amount of profit derived from the property
  • 94. A buyer purchased a secondhand motorcycle at a suspiciously low price and failed to verify its origin. Under P.D. 1612, this constitutes:
A) Fencing
B) Innocent purchase
C) Theft by negligence
D) Estafa
  • 95. Which of the following is a distinguishing investigative step in human trafficking cases compared to other crimes against property?
A) Vehicle tracing through LTO database
B) Surveillance of illegal recruitment activities
C) Collection of firearms evidence
D) Accounting audit of business operations
  • 96. Under R.A. 9208 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act), what element distinguishes trafficking from illegal recruitment?
A) The use of force, coercion, or deception for exploitation
B) Violation of labor regulations
C) Recruitment of minors under 18 years old
D) Employment abroad
  • 97. Which law expanded the coverage of human trafficking to include “online sexual exploitation and cyber trafficking”?
A) R.A. 9208
B) R.A. 10883
C) R.A. 10364
D) P.D. 1612
  • 98. Under R.A. 11862, what new provision strengthened the protection of trafficking victims?
A) Non-deportation of foreign victims
B) Immunity of recruiters
C) Reclassification of all victims as offenders
D) Repatriation without consent
  • 99. In money laundering, which of the following stages involves depositing illegally obtained funds into the financial system?
A) Placement
B) Layering
C) Concealment
D) Integration
  • 100. An investigator detects multiple fund transfers among shell companies to obscure the origin of money. Which stage of money laundering is this?
A) Structuring
B) Placement
C) Layering
D) Integration
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