AREA 3 SUBJECT 3
  • 1. An investigator interviews a witness in a friendly, non-accusatory manner to gather facts about a crime. This process best exemplifies which technique?
A) Interrogation
B) Cross-examination
C) Interview
D) Elicitation
  • 2. Which of the following best distinguishes an interview from an interrogation?
A) Both are the same under Philippine law.
B) An interview is accusatory, while interrogation is neutral
C) An interrogation is done before arrest; interview after arrest.
D) An interrogation seeks to obtain admissions or confessions; an interview gathers information.
  • 3. When an investigator uses empathy and understanding to encourage a suspect to talk, which method of interrogation is being applied?
A) Coercive technique
B) Direct approach
C) Logical approach
D) Emotional appeal
  • 4. The legal requirement that a confession must be made voluntarily ensures the observance of which constitutional right?
A) Right against unreasonable search
B) Right to privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Right to bail
  • 5. The admissibility of a confession depends on its being made:
A) In writing and in the presence of a police officer
B) Before the barangay captain
C) Under oath and notarized
D) Voluntarily, intelligently, and with counsel
  • 6. A confession made without the presence of counsel is inadmissible because it violates which rule of law?
A) Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
B) Rule on res gestae
C) Chain of custody rule
D) Miranda Doctrine
  • 7. What is the primary purpose of the Miranda warning in police interrogation?
A) To shorten the process of interrogation
B) To protect the investigator from liability
C) To ensure that confessions are voluntary and informed
D) To make the suspect feel guilty
  • 8. A statement made by a dying person regarding the cause of his death is called:
A) Confession
B) Dying declaration
C) Admission
D) Res gestae
  • 9. For a dying declaration to be admissible, it must be shown that:
A) The declaration was made before a lawyer
B) The declarant was under police custody
C) The declarant believed death was imminent.
D) The statement was in writing.
  • 10. The principle that a dying person would not meet death with a lie is known as:
A) Principle of truthfulness
B) Doctrine of dying declaration
C) Rule of Res Gestae
D) Doctrine of finality
  • 11. Statements made immediately after a startling event, without time to fabricate, are known as:
A) Independent relevant statements
B) Admissions
C) Res gestae
D) Confessions
  • 12. Which of the following is an example of an independent relevant statement?
A) A suspect’s confession to police
B) A witness’ excited utterance during the crime
C) . A bystander’s remark identifying the victim’s assailant
D) A doctor’s report describing injuries
  • 13. During interrogation, a suspect breaks down and admits the crime. The confession will be inadmissible if:
A) It was made after prolonged questioning
B) It was made in private
C) It was written in English
D) It was made without counsel
  • 14. Which of the following is NOT a type of interview used in criminal investigation?
A) Cognitive interview
B) Structured interview
C) Investigative interview
D) Coercive interview
  • 15. In the cognitive interview technique, the investigator encourages the witness to:
A) Create a timeline
B) Guess what happened
C) Recall events from different perspectives
D) Confess guilt
  • 16. Which of the following makes a confession valid and admissible?
A) Taken under oath in a barangay hearing
B) Made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently with counsel present
C) Made before a prosecutor without counsel
D) Signed before an ordinary witness
  • 17. A suspect confesses under threat of harm from the police. Under the Rules of Evidence, the confession is
A) Conditional
B) Partially admissible
C) Admissible
D) Inadmissible
  • 18. What distinguishes an admission from a confession?
A) A confession is made before arrest; an admission after.
B) They are synonymous in criminal law
C) An admission relates to the whole offense; a confession only to parts.
D) An admission is an acknowledgment of fact; a confession is acknowledgment of guilt.
  • 19. In evaluating a suspect’s confession, the court will primarily consider:
A) The number of witnesses
B) The investigator’s experience
C) The presence of counsel and voluntariness
D) The seriousness of the crime
  • 20. When the suspect exercises the right to remain silent, the investigator must:
A) Detain the suspect longer
B) Stop the interrogation immediately
C) Continue the questioning
D) Use persuasion
  • 21. During a police interview, the investigator allows the suspect to narrate freely without interruption. Which method of questioning is being applied?
A) Cross-Examination Approach
B) Structured Interview
C) Cognitive Interview
D) Narrative Method
  • 22. In an interrogation, the investigator deliberately pauses after the suspect gives an incomplete answer to encourage further disclosure. This technique is known as:
A) Repetition technique
B) Emotional appeal
C) Theme development
D) Silence technique
  • 23. Which of the following best distinguishes an interview from an interrogation?
A) Interview is conducted privately; interrogation publicly
B) Interview is for witnesses; interrogation for complainants
C) Interview is conducted before arrest; interrogation after arrest
D) Interview is accusatory; interrogation is non-accusatory
  • 24. A police investigator fails to inform a suspect of his constitutional rights before taking a confession. Which is the legal consequence?
A) The confession remains admissible
B) The confession is considered involuntary and inadmissible
C) The confession may be admitted if written and signed
D) The confession can still be admitted with corroboration
  • 25. Which of the following elements is NOT essential for a confession to be admissible?
A) It must be expressed and categorical
B) It must be made with the assistance of counsel
C) It must be voluntary
D) It must be in writing
  • 26. A dying person tells a nurse that “Juan stabbed me because I refused to give him money.” Which statement is legally valid as a dying declaration?
A) Only the part identifying the assailant is admissible
B) The entire statement is admissible if made under a belief of impending death
C) It is inadmissible unless recorded by a police officer
D) The whole statement is inadmissible for lack of formality
  • 27. A confession made without counsel but later affirmed in open court with counsel present is:
A) Admissible if the suspect signed a waiver
B) Inadmissible for being originally obtained in violation of constitutional rights
C) Admissible because it was later confirmed
D) Admissible only if corroborated by physical evidence
  • 28. A statement made by a victim who later dies, but who did not believe death was imminent, may be admitted as:
A) Independent relevant statement
B) Part of res gestae
C) Admission
D) Dying declaration
  • 29. Which principle guides the admissibility of a dying declaration under Rule 130 of the Rules on Evidence?
A) Necessity and trustworthiness
B) Opportunity and impartiality
C) Voluntariness and legality
D) Materiality and spontaneity
  • 30. A suspect admits that he “might have hit the victim by accident.” What type of admission is this?
A) Tacit confession
B) Qualified admission
C) Judicial admission
D) Extrajudicial confession
  • 31. During an interrogation, the investigator uses deception to make the suspect believe evidence exists. Which statement is correct?
A) Deception requires approval from a prosecutor
B) Deception is prohibited under all circumstances
C) Deception invalidates all statements
D) Deception may be used if it does not induce false confession
  • 32. A witness spontaneously blurts out, “He ran that way after shooting the man!” immediately after the crime. This statement is classified as
A) Res gestae statement
B) Admission against interest
C) Dying declaration
D) Confession
  • 33. A police officer questions a suspect for six hours without counsel and without informing him of his rights. The resulting statement is:
A) Voluntary admission
B) Coerced confession
C) Admissible due to continuous questioning
D) Valid under implied waiver doctrine
  • 34. Which of the following is not a proper objective of interrogation?
A) test the validity of gathered evidence
B) To elicit truth about participation in a crime
C) To obtain a confession
D) To intimidate the suspect into cooperating
  • 35. When the declarant’s statement is offered only to prove that the statement was made, not for its truth, it falls under:
A) Admission
B) Confession
C) Independent relevant statement
D) Hearsay
  • 36. Which of the following situations best fits the rule on dying declaration?
A) The declarant must identify the killer in the statement
B) The declarant must die immediately after the statement
C) The declarant must believe death is inevitable
D) The declaration must be in written form
  • 37. When a suspect’s statement is taken with counsel but through threat and intimidation, the statement is:
A) Admissible because counsel was present
B) Valid if re-affirmed later
C) Inadmissible for being involuntary
D) Admissible only as corroborative evidence
  • 38. An investigator allows the witness to reconstruct the crime scene mentally to enhance recall. This method refers to
A) Cognitive interviewing
B) Narrative reconstruction
C) Investigative visualization
D) Hypnosis technique
  • 39. A confession obtained during custodial investigation without the presence of counsel but repeated voluntarily in court with counsel is:
A) Admissible as corroborative evidence
B) Admissible in full
C) Admissible only in part
D) Inadmissible due to constitutional violation
  • 40. A victim tells his neighbor before dying, “Tell my mother that Pedro stabbed me.” The victim clearly thought he was dying. This statement is:
A) Dying declaration
B) Inadmissible hearsay
C) Admission against interest
D) Confession
  • 41. A confession made after the suspect was informed of his rights but before counsel arrived is:
A) Valid if the suspect signed a waiver before a barangay official
B) Inadmissible for lack of counsel during questioning
C) Admissible if the suspect voluntarily talked
D) Admissible if reduced into writing and signed freely
  • 42. During an interrogation, the investigator builds rapport and gradually shifts to direct questioning about the crime. This process is part of which interrogation phase?
A) Preparation phase
B) Approach phase
C) Termination phase
D) Question-and-answer phase
  • 43. The “PEACE” model (Preparation, Engage, Account, Closure, Evaluation) commonly used in investigative interviewing focuses on:
A) Structured, ethical, and non-coercive questioning
B) Rapid confessional tactics
C) Use of psychological manipulation
D) Extracting confession through pressure
  • 44. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of interrogation under Philippine law?
A) Using intimidation or threat to induce confession
B) Presenting evidence to elicit a truthful reaction
C) Encouraging voluntary cooperation
D) Allowing the suspect to narrate his version freely
  • 45. In applying the “logical approach” to interrogation, the investigator primarily relies on:
A) Logical reasoning and factual inconsistencies
B) Emotional appeal and sympathy
C) Physical pressure
D) Deception and bluffing
  • 46. When a witness’s statement is taken immediately after the incident to preserve accuracy of recollection, it is called:
A) Cross-examination
B) Cognitive interrogation
C) Investigative debriefing
D) Preliminary interview
  • 47. A suspect, after consulting with his lawyer, voluntarily admits his role in the crime without coercion. The confession is
A) Admissible in evidence
B) Inadmissible unless signed by two witnesses
C) Inadmissible for being post-consultation
D) Considered res gestae
  • 48. The main purpose of conducting an interview before an interrogation is to:
A) Intimidate the suspect to confess
B) Gather information without accusation
C) Obtain physical evidence
D) Determine guilt beyond reasonable doubt
  • 49. Under the Rules on Evidence, which of the following is required for a dying declaration to be valid?
A) The statement must be recorded by a police investigator
B) The declarant must identify the killer
C) The declaration must concern the cause or circumstances of death
D) The declarant must be under oath
  • 50. A statement made by a witness out of court to explain his subsequent actions, not to prove the truth of the statement, is an example of:
A) Independent relevant statement
B) Admission
C) Res gestae
D) Confession
  • 51. The key distinguishing element between theft and robbery under the Revised Penal Code is:
A) The number of offenders
B) The use or threat of violence or intimidation
C) The intent to gain
D) The value of the property stolen
  • 52. Which of the following is a crucial initial step in investigating a robbery incident?
A) Filing the case immediately
B) Conducting a background check on the victim
C) Tracing the stolen property
D) Securing the crime scene and interviewing witnesses
  • 53. The modus operandi of the suspect and the means of entry and escape are primarily analyzed during which phase of property crime investigation?
A) Crime scene reconstruction
B) Intelligence gathering
C) Evidence collection
D) Suspect profiling
  • 54. The main difference between estafa and theft is:
A) Theft requires a written contract; estafa does not
B) Estafa occurs only in corporate settings.
C) Theft requires intent to gain; estafa does not.
D) Estafa involves deceit or abuse of confidence; theft does not.
  • 55. In investigating estafa cases, the most vital documentary evidence is:
A) CCTV footage
B) Written or electronic proof of deceit or fraudulent transaction
C) Confession of the accused
D) Property inventory
  • 56. A car is taken without the owner’s consent with intent to gain. This act falls under:
A) Qualified theft
B) Carnapping
C) Estafa
D) Robbery
  • 57. The Anti-Carnapping Law (R.A. 10883) defines carnapping as the taking of a motor vehicle:
A) Only when the vehicle is sold illegally
B) With or without the owner’s consent, with intent to gain
C) With violence or intimidation only
D) Without violence but with intent to gain
  • 58. Under R.A. 10883, when carnapping results in the death of a person, the penalty is:
A) Life imprisonment
B) Reclusion temporal
C) Death by lethal injection
D) Reclusion perpetua to death
  • 59. In the investigation of carnapping cases, the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is primarily used to:
A) Trace ownership and vehicle identity
B) Determine insurance status
C) Identify the manufacturer
D) Locate the driver
  • 60. The Anti-Fencing Law (P.D. 1612) penalizes
A) Those who physically steal property
B) Only those who steal cars
C) Those who report stolen property
D) Those who deal in stolen property knowing it was stolen
  • 61. The essential element that distinguishes a fencer from a thief is:
A) The absence of intent to gain
B) The ownership of the property
C) The act of possession rather than the act of taking
D) The act of concealing the property
  • 62. Which document serves as the primary reference in proving ownership of a motor vehicle in carnapping cases?
A) Insurance policy
B) Sales invoice
C) Driver’s license
D) Certificate of Registration and Official Receipt (CR/OR)
  • 63. The presumption of fencing arises when:
A) The accused buys property from a store
B) The accused was seen near the crime scene
C) The property is found hidden
D) The accused possesses stolen property without satisfactory explanation
  • 64. The Anti-Fencing Law (P.D. 1612) was enacted primarily to:
A) Punish the original thief
B) Prevent the circulation of stolen property in commerce
C) Penalize accessory crimes of selling stolen goods
D) Reduce robbery incidents
  • 65. In human trafficking under R.A. 9208, the core element is:
A) Exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion
B) Recruitment for legal overseas work
C) Use of minors in employment
D) Payment of recruitment fees
  • 66. R.A. 10364 (Expanded Anti-Trafficking Act) strengthened R.A. 9208 by:
A) Including internet-facilitated trafficking and accessory liability
B) Allowing voluntary prostitution
C) Decriminalizing illegal recruitment
D) Limiting jurisdiction to the Philippines only
  • 67. The latest amendment, R.A. 11862 (Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2022), focuses on:
A) Strengthening prosecution and extraterritorial jurisdiction
B) Limiting law enforcement authority
C) Increasing fines
D) Reducing penalties for traffickers
  • 68. The victim-centered approach in human trafficking investigations emphasizes:
A) Immediate deportation
B) Aggressive interrogation
C) Protection and rehabilitation of victims
D) Media exposure
  • 69. Under R.A. 9208, the following is NOT considered trafficking:
A) Adoption following legal procedures
B) Exploitation of prostitution
C) Forced labor
D) Debt bondage
  • 70. One of the stages of money laundering where illegal money enters the financial system is called:
A) Placement
B) Integration
C) Structuring
D) Layering
  • 71. The layering stage of money laundering involves:
A) Reporting suspicious transactions
B) Investing clean money
C) Moving funds through various accounts to hide origin
D) Depositing the proceeds
  • 72. The integration stage occurs when:
A) Authorities freeze the assets
B) The launderer deposits cash in small amounts
C) The launderer mixes illicit funds with legitimate businesses
D) The launderer hides the funds abroad
  • 73. The Anti-Money Laundering Act (R.A. 9160) aims to:
A) Allow anonymous foreign accounts
B) Regulate pawnshops
C) Prevent the financial system from being used for criminal proceeds
D) Encourage secret banking
  • 74. Under R.A. 10927, casinos are included as:
A) Non-reporting entities
B) Covered persons under AMLA
C) Charitable organizations
D) Exempt institutions
  • 75. Under AMLA, a transaction exceeding ₱500,000 within one banking day must be reported as:
A) Suspicious transaction
B) Covered transaction
C) Threshold transaction
D) Layered transaction
  • 76. Failure of a covered institution to report suspicious transactions constitutes:
A) Administrative offense only
B) A criminal violation under AMLA
C) No liability if unintentional
D) Gross negligence
  • 77. The body primarily responsible for enforcing AMLA is:
A) Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC)
B) Department of Justice
C) Securities and Exchange Commission
D) Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
  • 78. The approach in investigating theft focuses on:
A) Identifying the victim’s negligence
B) Locating stolen property and proving intent to gain
C) Checking bank accounts
D) Establishing the suspect’s income
  • 79. The investigative approach in robbery emphasizes:
A) Conducting digital forensics
B) Identifying use of force or intimidation and weapon evidence
C) Studying the suspect’s financial background
D) Recovery of stolen property only
  • 80. In estafa investigations, one must primarily analyze:
A) Modus operandi and deceit pattern
B) The victim’s wealth
C) Suspect’s criminal record
D) Place of transaction only
  • 81. Under R.A. 10883, the registered owner’s failure to report a stolen vehicle within 24 hours may result in:
A) No consequence
B) Presumption of involvement in the crime
C) Administrative sanction
D) Forfeiture of insurance claims
  • 82. A person who buys a motorcycle at a suspiciously low price without verifying ownership documents may be liable for:
A) Estafa
B) Theft
C) Carnapping
D) Fencing
  • 83. Under AMLA, a Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) is required when:
A) The account is new
B) The transaction is legal but complex or unusual
C) The account balance is low
D) The depositor is a senior citizen
  • 84. In investigating money laundering, the financial trail is reconstructed mainly through:
A) Witness interviews
B) News reports
C) Paper and digital transaction audit
D) Bank advertisements
  • 85. The common investigative challenge across property, financial, and trafficking crimes is:
A) International cooperation and evidence tracing
B) Media pressure
C) Lack of police equipment
D) Political influence
  • 86. A police investigator observes that a crime scene has no signs of forced entry, yet valuable items are missing. Which crime is most likely being investigated?
A) Robbery
B) Estafa
C) Theft
D) Carnapping
  • 87. In distinguishing theft from robbery, which investigative focus is most critical?
A) Presence or absence of violence or intimidation
B) The monetary value of the property stolen
C) Use of deception or false pretenses
D) Relationship between victim and offender
  • 88. A businessman convinces several investors to give money for a fake project. Which investigative approach should be applied?
A) Vehicle tracing system
B) Financial and documentary audit
C) Property recovery operation
D) Physical evidence collection at the scene
  • 89. In robbery cases, an investigator should prioritize the collection of which type of evidence?
A) Physical evidence like weapons or fingerprints
B) Vehicle registration documents
C) Documentary and bank receipts
D) Computer logs and online records
  • 90. In a case of estafa, what kind of evidence is most crucial for conviction?
A) DNA evidence
B) Physical evidence at the crime scene
C) Documentary evidence proving deceit and damage
D) Eyewitness testimony
  • 91. Under R.A. 10883 (New Anti-Carnapping Law), when is the crime of carnapping considered consummated?
A) When the vehicle leaves the city or province
B) When the offender takes possession without consent of the owner
C) When the owner reports the loss
D) When the vehicle is sold to another person
  • 92. A vehicle is stolen and immediately disassembled for sale of parts. Under R.A. 10883, this is classified as:
A) Theft
B) Robbery
C) Qualified carnapping
D) Simple carnapping
  • 93. Under P.D. 1612 (Anti-Fencing Law), which of the following elements must be proven to establish guilt?
A) Knowledge or reasonable presumption that the item was stolen
B) Ownership of stolen property by the fence
C) Amount of profit derived from the property
D) Personal relationship between the thief and the fence
  • 94. A buyer purchased a secondhand motorcycle at a suspiciously low price and failed to verify its origin. Under P.D. 1612, this constitutes:
A) Innocent purchase
B) Fencing
C) Theft by negligence
D) Estafa
  • 95. Which of the following is a distinguishing investigative step in human trafficking cases compared to other crimes against property?
A) Collection of firearms evidence
B) Accounting audit of business operations
C) Vehicle tracing through LTO database
D) Surveillance of illegal recruitment activities
  • 96. Under R.A. 9208 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act), what element distinguishes trafficking from illegal recruitment?
A) Recruitment of minors under 18 years old
B) Employment abroad
C) The use of force, coercion, or deception for exploitation
D) Violation of labor regulations
  • 97. Which law expanded the coverage of human trafficking to include “online sexual exploitation and cyber trafficking”?
A) R.A. 10364
B) P.D. 1612
C) R.A. 9208
D) R.A. 10883
  • 98. Under R.A. 11862, what new provision strengthened the protection of trafficking victims?
A) Immunity of recruiters
B) Reclassification of all victims as offenders
C) Repatriation without consent
D) Non-deportation of foreign victims
  • 99. In money laundering, which of the following stages involves depositing illegally obtained funds into the financial system?
A) Concealment
B) Placement
C) Integration
D) Layering
  • 100. An investigator detects multiple fund transfers among shell companies to obscure the origin of money. Which stage of money laundering is this?
A) Placement
B) Layering
C) Integration
D) Structuring
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