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A) Man-made structures for mining underwater minerals B) Volcanic craters located on the surface of terrestrial mountains C) Deep ocean trenches formed by underwater earthquakes D) Fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges
A) Only in the polar regions of the Arctic B) Near volcanically active places and mid-ocean ridges C) In deserts far from any tectonic activity D) In shallow freshwater lakes and rivers
A) Coral reefs B) Massive sand dunes C) Hydrothermal plumes D) Underwater glaciers
A) Sunlight-dependent plankton B) Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea C) Floating organic debris D) Photosynthetic algae
A) Venus and Mercury B) Pluto and Ceres C) Europa and Enceladus D) Neptune and Uranus
A) 200 °C at 100 atmospheres B) 100 °C at 1 atmosphere C) 464 °C at 300 atmospheres D) 375 °C at 218 atmospheres
A) Anhydrite B) Granite C) Quartz D) Diamond
A) Beebe B) Sister Peak C) Turtle Pits D) East Pacific Rise
A) 1 meter per hour B) 1 centimeter per year C) Up to 30 cm per day D) 10 meters per decade
A) 60 °C to 464 °C B) 0 °C to 50 °C C) 10 °C to 30 °C D) 500 °C to 1000 °C
A) It has no effect on the critical point B) It raises the critical point to higher temperatures and pressures C) It turns the water into solid ice D) It lowers the critical point significantly
A) Giant tube worms, clams, limpets, and shrimp B) Cactus and desert shrubs C) Polar bears and seals D) Tropical birds and monkeys
A) Approximately -10 °C B) Approximately 50 °C C) Approximately 25 °C D) Approximately 2 °C
A) The Moon B) The Sun C) Saturn D) Mars
A) It dissolves completely B) It stays the same C) It becomes more porous due to erosion D) It becomes less porous due to sulfide precipitation
A) Spherical B) Cylindrical C) Pyramidal D) Cubical
A) Sandstone B) Minerals C) Coral D) Volcanic ash
A) The water evaporates B) The fluid freezes instantly C) Minerals precipitate out D) Nothing happens
A) King Kong B) Leviathan C) Titan D) Godzilla
A) Arctic Ocean B) Atlantic Ocean C) Indian Ocean D) Pacific Ocean
A) 20 m B) 40 m C) 80 m D) 60 m
A) Room temperature B) Near-freezing C) Boiling D) Lukewarm
A) Submarine geyser B) Thermal spring C) Deep-sea vent D) Volcanic crater
A) Green B) Yellow C) Black D) White
A) Silicon B) Calcium C) Barium D) Sulfides
A) Heat conduction encouraging crystallization B) Volcanic lava flows C) Accumulation of marine snow D) Bacterial colonization
A) Dissolved silica B) Dissolved calcium C) Dissolved gold D) Dissolved iron
A) 1979 B) 1992 C) 1985 D) 1960
A) Trieste B) Nautile C) ALVIN D) Deepsea Challenger
A) East Pacific Rise B) Loki's Castle C) Cayman Trough D) Rainbow Vent Field
A) Mid-Atlantic Ridge B) Cayman Trough C) Greenland Sea D) East Pacific Rise
A) Peak activity stage B) Pre-eruption stage C) Initial stage D) Waning stage
A) High oceanic pressure B) Earthquake activity C) Magma crystallization D) Increased crustal thickness
A) University of Bergen B) Scripps Institution of Oceanography C) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration D) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
A) Buoyant plume phase. B) Static phase. C) Descending phase. D) Lateral phase.
A) Osmosis. B) Crystallization. C) Magnetic attraction. D) Turbulent flow generated by shear forces.
A) Acidic only. B) Reducing. C) Highly oxidizing. D) Neutral.
A) Near field. B) Buoyant zone. C) Far field. D) Oxidation zone.
A) Methane. B) Oxygen gas. C) Carbon dioxide. D) Nitrogen gas.
A) 4 degrees Celsius. B) Minus 10 degrees Celsius. C) 40 degrees Celsius. D) 100 degrees Celsius.
A) Helium-3 B) Helium-5 C) Helium-4 D) Helium-2
A) 3.82 days B) 24 hours C) 1.2 days D) 10.5 days
A) Low seawater temperature B) Complexation with organic compounds C) Rapid evaporation D) High water pressure
A) Fe B) K C) N D) Cl
A) Mo B) Rn C) He D) Fe
A) Biological toxicity B) High radioactivity C) Metal composition D) Chemical unreactivity
A) Fermentation B) Respiration C) Chemosynthesis D) Photosynthesis
A) Iron deposits B) Hydrogen sulfide C) Chemosynthetic bacteria D) Marine snow
A) An inert substance B) A nutrient supplement C) A source of hydration D) Highly toxic
A) Alvinella pompejana B) Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis C) Riftia pachyptila D) Dysommina rugosa
A) The Nafanua Cluster B) Eel City C) The Figueroa Colony D) The Kairei Field
A) Riftia pachyptila B) Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis C) Pompeii worm D) Scaly-foot gastropod
A) Indian Ocean B) American Samoa C) Nuvvuagittuq Belt D) Figueroa Sulfide
A) On their outer skin B) In their gills C) In their digestive tracts D) In their bloodstream
A) Zinc ions B) High salinity C) Copper proteins D) Iron oxide
A) Plume B) Gill chamber C) Trophosome D) Stomach
A) Endosymbionts B) Ectotherms C) Episymbionts D) Parasitoids
A) Günter Wächtershäuser B) Charles Darwin C) Louis Pasteur D) Nick Lane
A) Thermophoresis B) Electrolysis C) Glycolysis D) Photosynthesis
A) Volcanic magma channels. B) Anomalously hot brines. C) Submarine fossilized forests. D) Solid gold deposits.
A) 1960 B) 1977 C) 1985 D) 1992
A) 2,600 metres B) Almost 5,000 metres C) 1,000 metres D) 10,000 metres
A) Interruption of feeding cycles B) Disorientation leading to surface death C) Permanent retinal damage D) Damage to auditory organs
A) Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Ridge B) Testing new deep-sea submersibles C) Searching for hydrothermal vents D) Mining manganese nodules
A) 10 years B) 20 years C) 50 years D) 5 years
A) Commercial fishing vessels B) Natural volcanic activity C) Scientists D) Deep sea miners
A) Yes B) No C) Only for non-profit organizations D) Yes, but only in international waters
A) Quartz B) Calcite C) Diamond D) Pyrite
A) Around 10 years B) They never return C) Around 50 years D) Around 2 years
A) Mollusks B) Cephalopods C) Fish D) Crustaceans
A) Climate change B) Sea level rise C) Ocean current shifts D) Tectonic plate movement
A) The technology to measure it does not exist B) No large scale studies have been done C) It is not affected by mining D) The fluid changes too quickly
A) Tidal friction B) Ocean current sedimentation C) Glacial erosion D) Seismic activity
A) Freshwater amphibians B) Thermophiles C) Photosynthetic plants D) Large marine mammals
A) Inward-dipped sedimentary strata B) Outward-facing cliff structures C) Smooth glass-like surfaces D) Dense forests of sea coral |