 - 1. What is the size of the Niagara Escarpment AVA in Niagara County, New York?
A) 18,000 acres
B) 3,800 acres
C) 33,606 acres
D) 13,600 acres
- 2. Which of these is a grape variety produced in the Niagara Escarpment AVA in New York?
A) Zinfandel
B) Gamay Noir
C) Pinot Noir
D) Merlot
- 3. Which region is the largest wine-producing appellation in Canada?
A) Niagara Peninsula
B) Niagara County
C) Brown County
D) Wisconsin Ledge
- 4. How many subappellations are located along the benchlands of the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario?
A) Four
B) Three
C) Two
D) Five
- 5. Which of these is a subappellation of the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario?
A) Short Hills Bench
B) Lake Michigan Bench
C) Niagara County Bench
D) Green Bay Bench
- 6. What is the size of the Wisconsin Ledge AVA?
A) 7,284 square miles
B) 18,000 square miles
C) 3,800 square miles
D) 13,600 square miles
- 7. What body of water influences the climate of the Wisconsin Ledge AVA?
A) Lake Huron
B) Lake Michigan
C) Lake Ontario
D) Lake Erie
- 8. What makes up the glacial soils of the Wisconsin Ledge?
A) Gravel, sand, and clay
B) Sand, limestone, and loam
C) Clay, silt, and granite
D) Silt, peat, and volcanic ash
- 9. What provides mineral-rich ground water to vines in the Wisconsin Ledge?
A) The Niagara River
B) Lake Michigan
C) An aquifer
D) Glacial meltwater
- 10. When was the Niagara Escarpment designated as a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO?
A) 1990
B) 1995
C) 1985
D) 2000
- 11. Which agency regulates land use on the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario?
A) UNESCO
B) Niagara Escarpment Commission
C) Wisconsin Ledge Authority
D) Ontario Agricultural Board
- 12. What type of tree is Ontario's oldest tree?
A) Red oak
B) White pine
C) Eastern white cedar
D) Sugar maple
- 13. In which county was the oldest known tree in Wisconsin found?
A) Ontario County
B) Niagara County
C) Door County
D) Brown County
- 14. How old is the oldest known tree found in Wisconsin?
A) 688 years
B) 1,000 years
C) 1,300 years
D) 1,500 years
- 15. Which grape variety is grown in both the New York Niagara Escarpment AVA and the Ontario Niagara Peninsula?
A) Gamay Noir
B) Merlot
C) Pinot Noir
D) Cabernet Franc
- 16. What famous canal required a series of locks to traverse the Niagara Escarpment in New York?
A) Welland Canal
B) Suez Canal
C) Panama Canal
D) Erie Canal
- 17. Which community grew at the site where the Erie Canal crossed the escarpment?
A) Owen Sound
B) Meaford
C) Hamilton
D) Lockport
- 18. Which canal allows ships to traverse the escarpment between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario?
A) Rideau Canal
B) Erie Canal
C) Trent-Severn Canal
D) Welland Canal
- 19. Which invasive species entered Lake Erie via the Welland Canal?
A) Asian Carp
B) Sea Lamprey
C) Zebra Mussel
D) Round Goby
- 20. Where does the Bruce Trail begin its length along the escarpment?
A) Tobermory
B) Milton
C) Hamilton
D) Queenston
- 21. Where does the Bruce Trail end its length along the escarpment?
A) Meaford
B) Owen Sound
C) Queenston
D) Tobermory
- 22. Which highway is considered Canada's busiest and crosses the Niagara Escarpment?
A) Highway 401
B) Highway 26
C) Highway 407
D) Highway 400
- 23. Along which highway can rock exposed on the face of the escarpment be seen from Owen Sound to Meaford?
A) Highway 401
B) Highway 26
C) Highway 10
D) Highway 6
- 24. What do residents of Hamilton, Ontario commonly call the escarpment?
A) The Ridge
B) The Mountain
C) The Cliffs
D) The Ledge
- 25. What transportation system moved people up and down 'The Mountain' in Hamilton from 1892 to 1936?
A) Mountain Electric Tram
B) Escarpment Funicular
C) Hamilton Incline Railway
D) Hamilton Cable Car
- 26. What feature is found in High Cliff State Park that represents prehistoric human use of the escarpment?
A) Effigy mounds
B) Stone monoliths
C) Cliff dwellings
D) Petroglyphs
- 27. What is the Niagara Escarpment known as in Dodge County, Wisconsin?
A) The Ledge
B) The Rise
C) The Bluff
D) The Mountain
- 28. What is the name of the sports teams at St. Mary's Springs Academy, named after the escarpment?
A) The Climbers
B) The Quarrymen
C) The Escarpments
D) The Ledgers
- 29. What is the primary cause of the Niagara Escarpment's formation?
A) Tectonic plate collision
B) A major fault line
C) Unequal erosion
D) Volcanic activity
- 30. What lies beneath the resistant caprock of the escarpment?
A) Weaker shale
B) Metamorphic schist
C) Igneous bedrock
D) Hardened clay
- 31. What process removes the soft rocks to undercut the caprock?
A) Tectonic folding
B) Subduction
C) Differential erosion
D) Glacial calving
- 32. What feature conceals the escarpment north of Georgetown, Ontario?
A) Deep ocean sediment
B) Artificial land development
C) Glacial deposits
D) A massive lava flow
- 33. What is the name of the specific glacial deposit mentioned that covers the escarpment?
A) Niagara Moraine
B) Great Lakes Basin
C) Oak Ridges Moraine
D) Laurentide Drift
- 34. In what type of environment was the dolomite cap originally laid down?
A) Marine environment
B) River delta
C) Desert basin
D) Volcanic crater
- 35. Which geological period saw the formation of the harder dolomite layers?
A) Devonian
B) Cambrian
C) Jurassic
D) Silurian
- 36. Which element substituted for calcium to form dolomite?
A) Sodium
B) Iron
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium
- 37. The escarpment is essentially the remnant of what feature of an ancient sea?
A) Trench
B) Shoreline
C) Hydrothermal vent
D) Island chain
- 38. When were worldwide sea levels at their all-time maximum?
A) Ordovician
B) Permian
C) Silurian
D) Carboniferous
- 39. What is another name for dolomitic limestone?
A) Dolostone
B) Sandstone
C) Quartzite
D) Marble
- 40. Where can the escarpment be seen manifesting in three waterfalls?
A) Niagara River
B) Genesee River
C) St. Lawrence River
D) Detroit River
- 41. What international designation does the Niagara Escarpment hold?
A) World Heritage Site
B) National Park System
C) UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve
D) Global Geological Monument
- 42. Where does the Genesee River flow over the scarp face in three waterfalls?
A) Milton, Ontario
B) Hamilton, Ontario
C) Rochester, New York
D) Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
- 43. Which formation runs parallel to the Lockport Formation in western New York and southern Ontario?
A) Bruce Formation
B) Dodge Formation
C) Niagara Formation
D) Onondaga Formation
- 44. What is the shape of the Niagara Escarpment described as?
A) Zig-zag
B) Arc-shaped
C) Circular
D) Straight line
- 45. In Ontario, the escarpment takes a sharp turn north toward Georgian Bay in which town?
A) Rochester
B) Milton
C) Hamilton
D) St. Catharines
- 46. The escarpment enters the United States in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, south of which city?
A) Rochester
B) Sault Ste. Marie
C) Milton
D) Chicago
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