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Sociology of deviance - Test
  • 1. Sociology of deviance is a subfield of sociology that examines behaviors and actions that are considered outside societal norms and standards. It focuses on understanding why certain behaviors are labeled as deviant, how these labels are applied, and the impact of societal reactions on individuals and groups. This field explores the social construction of deviance, the role of power dynamics in defining norms, and the implications of deviant behavior for social control and inequality. Sociologists of deviance seek to challenge and deconstruct conventional ideas about what is considered 'normal' in society, and to understand how these perceptions shape social interactions, institutions, and structures.

    What is the difference between crime and deviance?
A) Crime is only committed by certain groups.
B) Deviance is worse than crime.
C) Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms, while crime refers to behavior that breaks laws.
D) There is no difference.
  • 2. Which theory suggests that deviance is a result of societal strains and opportunities for deviant behavior?
A) Strain theory.
B) Conflict theory.
C) Control theory.
D) Labeling theory.
  • 3. What is the term for the process by which an individual's status is transformed into a deviant identity?
A) Control theory.
B) Anomie theory.
C) Labeling theory.
D) Differential association theory.
  • 4. What is the term for a theory that suggests individuals conform to social expectations based on their bonds with others and institutions?
A) Strain theory.
B) Conflict theory.
C) Social control theory.
D) Labeling theory.
  • 5. According to social control theory, what is the role of informal social institutions in preventing deviance?
A) They provide social relationships that deter individuals from deviant behavior.
B) They actively promote deviant behavior.
C) They impose harsh punishments on deviant individuals.
D) They have no impact on deviance.
  • 6. What is secondary deviance?
A) Behavior that occurs in response to being labeled as deviant.
B) Less serious deviant acts.
C) Deviance that is officially punishable by law.
D) Deviance that is accepted by society.
  • 7. What role do social norms play in defining deviant behavior?
A) They establish boundaries of acceptable behavior.
B) They are irrelevant to deviance.
C) They encourage all behavior equally.
D) They are only applicable to certain groups.
  • 8. According to the control theory, what prevents individuals from engaging in deviant behavior?
A) Strong social bonds and attachments.
B) Adherence to rigid rules.
C) Strain and societal pressures.
D) Labeling by society.
  • 9. How does the conflict theory view deviance?
A) As a form of social inequality and power dynamics.
B) As a result of societal strains.
C) As a natural human instinct.
D) As a psychological disorder.
  • 10. Which sociological theory views deviance as a normal and necessary part of social organization?
A) Labeling theory
B) Structural functionalism
C) Symbolic interaction
D) Conflict theory
  • 11. Who proposed the normative theory of suicide that includes four important functions of deviance?
A) Robert Merton
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Karl Marx
  • 12. What occurs when one is too socially integrated according to Durkheim?
A) Fatalistic suicide
B) Egoistic suicide
C) Altruistic suicide
D) Anomic suicide
  • 13. Which type of suicide occurs due to a lack of social integration?
A) Fatalistic suicide
B) Anomic suicide
C) Altruistic suicide
D) Egoistic suicide
  • 14. What type of suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation?
A) Altruistic suicide
B) Fatalistic suicide
C) Egoistic suicide
D) Anomic suicide
  • 15. Which sociological theory focuses on the interaction and interpretation of symbols in understanding deviance?
A) Structural functionalism
B) Rational choice theory
C) Conflict theory
D) Symbolic interactionism
  • 16. Which type of deviance involves accepting societal goals but rejecting the means to achieve them?
A) Retreatism
B) Innovation
C) Conformism
D) Ritualism
  • 17. Which type of deviance is characterized by rejecting both cultural goals and means, leading individuals to 'drop out'?
A) Innovation
B) Retreatism
C) Conformism
D) Rebellion
  • 18. Which type of deviance involves creating new goals and means that differ from those of society?
A) Conformism
B) Innovation
C) Rebellion
D) Ritualism
  • 19. How many types of neutralization are identified in the theory?
A) Three
B) Six
C) Five
D) Four
  • 20. Who developed the concept of primary and secondary deviation?
A) Robert Crutchfield
B) Walter C. Reckless
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 21. According to Karl Marx, what causes conflict and thus deviant behavior among the proletariat?
A) Economic inequality
B) Alienation
C) Cultural differences
D) Lack of education
  • 22. Who utilized the theory of bourgeois control over social junk and social dynamite?
A) Karl Marx
B) Jock Young
C) Steven Spitzer
D) George Rusche
  • 23. What is the panopticon an example of, according to Foucault?
A) A template for modern prisons using discipline.
B) A method for promoting free will.
C) A model for democratic governance.
D) An ancient form of punishment.
  • 24. Who was among the first to develop the Theory of Biological Deviance?
A) Karl Marx
B) Charles Darwin
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Michel Foucault
  • 25. What is one factor that influences police decision-making to make an arrest?
A) The suspect's financial status
B) The weather conditions
C) If the offence is serious
D) The time of day the crime occurs
  • 26. What process do courts rely on to resolve cases?
A) An adversarial process with plea bargaining
B) Public voting
C) Community service assignments
D) Mediation between the defendant and victim
  • 27. What is a disadvantage of resolving most court cases through plea bargaining?
A) It increases the cost of legal proceedings
B) It leads to longer trial durations
C) It guarantees harsher sentences
D) It puts less powerful people at a disadvantage
  • 28. Which form of justice focuses on defining boundaries of acceptable behaviors?
A) Rehabilitative justice (rehabilitation & societal protection)
B) Preventive justice
C) Punitive justice (retribution & deterrence)
D) Restorative justice
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