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Sociology of deviance - Test
  • 1. Sociology of deviance is a subfield of sociology that examines behaviors and actions that are considered outside societal norms and standards. It focuses on understanding why certain behaviors are labeled as deviant, how these labels are applied, and the impact of societal reactions on individuals and groups. This field explores the social construction of deviance, the role of power dynamics in defining norms, and the implications of deviant behavior for social control and inequality. Sociologists of deviance seek to challenge and deconstruct conventional ideas about what is considered 'normal' in society, and to understand how these perceptions shape social interactions, institutions, and structures.

    What is the difference between crime and deviance?
A) Crime is only committed by certain groups.
B) There is no difference.
C) Deviance is worse than crime.
D) Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms, while crime refers to behavior that breaks laws.
  • 2. Which theory suggests that deviance is a result of societal strains and opportunities for deviant behavior?
A) Control theory.
B) Labeling theory.
C) Conflict theory.
D) Strain theory.
  • 3. What is the term for the process by which an individual's status is transformed into a deviant identity?
A) Control theory.
B) Labeling theory.
C) Differential association theory.
D) Anomie theory.
  • 4. What is the term for a theory that suggests individuals conform to social expectations based on their bonds with others and institutions?
A) Labeling theory.
B) Conflict theory.
C) Social control theory.
D) Strain theory.
  • 5. According to social control theory, what is the role of informal social institutions in preventing deviance?
A) They provide social relationships that deter individuals from deviant behavior.
B) They actively promote deviant behavior.
C) They have no impact on deviance.
D) They impose harsh punishments on deviant individuals.
  • 6. What is secondary deviance?
A) Deviance that is officially punishable by law.
B) Behavior that occurs in response to being labeled as deviant.
C) Less serious deviant acts.
D) Deviance that is accepted by society.
  • 7. What role do social norms play in defining deviant behavior?
A) They establish boundaries of acceptable behavior.
B) They encourage all behavior equally.
C) They are irrelevant to deviance.
D) They are only applicable to certain groups.
  • 8. According to the control theory, what prevents individuals from engaging in deviant behavior?
A) Labeling by society.
B) Strong social bonds and attachments.
C) Strain and societal pressures.
D) Adherence to rigid rules.
  • 9. How does the conflict theory view deviance?
A) As a natural human instinct.
B) As a form of social inequality and power dynamics.
C) As a psychological disorder.
D) As a result of societal strains.
  • 10. Which sociological theory views deviance as a normal and necessary part of social organization?
A) Conflict theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Symbolic interaction
D) Structural functionalism
  • 11. Who proposed the normative theory of suicide that includes four important functions of deviance?
A) Karl Marx
B) Robert Merton
C) Max Weber
D) Émile Durkheim
  • 12. What occurs when one is too socially integrated according to Durkheim?
A) Fatalistic suicide
B) Altruistic suicide
C) Egoistic suicide
D) Anomic suicide
  • 13. Which type of suicide occurs due to a lack of social integration?
A) Anomic suicide
B) Altruistic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Egoistic suicide
  • 14. What type of suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation?
A) Anomic suicide
B) Fatalistic suicide
C) Egoistic suicide
D) Altruistic suicide
  • 15. Which sociological theory focuses on the interaction and interpretation of symbols in understanding deviance?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Structural functionalism
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Conflict theory
  • 16. Which type of deviance involves accepting societal goals but rejecting the means to achieve them?
A) Conformism
B) Retreatism
C) Innovation
D) Ritualism
  • 17. Which type of deviance is characterized by rejecting both cultural goals and means, leading individuals to 'drop out'?
A) Conformism
B) Rebellion
C) Retreatism
D) Innovation
  • 18. Which type of deviance involves creating new goals and means that differ from those of society?
A) Conformism
B) Innovation
C) Ritualism
D) Rebellion
  • 19. How many types of neutralization are identified in the theory?
A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Three
  • 20. Who developed the concept of primary and secondary deviation?
A) Walter C. Reckless
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Robert Crutchfield
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 21. According to Karl Marx, what causes conflict and thus deviant behavior among the proletariat?
A) Alienation
B) Economic inequality
C) Cultural differences
D) Lack of education
  • 22. Who utilized the theory of bourgeois control over social junk and social dynamite?
A) George Rusche
B) Karl Marx
C) Jock Young
D) Steven Spitzer
  • 23. What is the panopticon an example of, according to Foucault?
A) An ancient form of punishment.
B) A template for modern prisons using discipline.
C) A model for democratic governance.
D) A method for promoting free will.
  • 24. Who was among the first to develop the Theory of Biological Deviance?
A) Karl Marx
B) Charles Darwin
C) Michel Foucault
D) Cesare Lombroso
  • 25. What is one factor that influences police decision-making to make an arrest?
A) If the offence is serious
B) The time of day the crime occurs
C) The suspect's financial status
D) The weather conditions
  • 26. What process do courts rely on to resolve cases?
A) Community service assignments
B) Public voting
C) Mediation between the defendant and victim
D) An adversarial process with plea bargaining
  • 27. What is a disadvantage of resolving most court cases through plea bargaining?
A) It guarantees harsher sentences
B) It leads to longer trial durations
C) It increases the cost of legal proceedings
D) It puts less powerful people at a disadvantage
  • 28. Which form of justice focuses on defining boundaries of acceptable behaviors?
A) Preventive justice
B) Punitive justice (retribution & deterrence)
C) Rehabilitative justice (rehabilitation & societal protection)
D) Restorative justice
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